高稳定性介孔分子筛的合成与表征

以天然黏土和硅酸钠为原料、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,水热法合成了有序性好的高稳定性介孔分子筛.用粉末X射线衍射、透射电镜、Fourier变换红外光谱和比表面积孔径分析等方法对所合成的介孔分子筛进行了表征.结果表明:所合成的介孔分子筛的比表面积大于550m2/g,平均孔径为2.72nm.样品经850℃焙烧3 h,100℃水热处理10 d,介孔分子筛的介孔结构没有被破坏,并且热处理使孔发生收缩,比表面积减小,水热处理使介孔的有序性变得更好,天然黏土为原料提高了介孔分子筛的水热稳定性.     

含锆介孔分子筛的微波合成与表征(英文)

在微波辐射条件下,以硅酸钠和硫酸锆为原料、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂合成含锆介孔分子筛(zirconium-containing mesoporous molecular sieves,Zr-MCM-41).用X射线粉末衍射、红外光谱,透射电子显微镜、等离子发射光谱和比表面积孔径测定等测试手段表征经550℃焙烧后样品,同时研究锆添加量与分子筛比表面积及孔体积之间的关系.结果表明:利用微波技术合成Zr-MCM-41介孔分子筛,操作便利,节能省时,所得产物具有典型的MCM-41介孔分子筛结构,其比表面积为598.1～971.4m2/g,平均孔径大约为2.46～3A3nm.随着介孔分子筛中锆含量的增加,介孔分子筛的比表面积、孔体积变小,介孔有序性变差.     

含Ni介孔分子筛的合成及其对苯加氢催化性能

采用水热法合成出不含镍和含镍的硅基介孔分子筛.利用XRD、FT-IR、TPR、TEM和比表面孔径测定等手段对样品进行了表征.结果表明：合成出有序性好的介孔分子筛（MCM-41）,550 ℃焙烧可以将模板剂有效去除,所合成介孔分子筛负载Pt后介孔有序性降低,但是介孔结构仍然存在.苯催化加氢反应研究表明：不含Ni的介孔分子筛不具有加氢活性,当将其负载Pt后具有苯加氢催化活性;含Ni介孔分子筛本身具有苯加氢活性,含Ni介孔分子筛负载Pt后苯加氢催化活性有较大的提高,所有样品的环己烷选择性都接近100 %,说明含Ni介孔分子筛可以直接作为苯加氢反应的催化剂或作为苯加氢催化剂良好的载体.     

含Co介孔分子筛的合成与稳定性研究

两步法进行含Co介孔分子筛的合成,采用XRD,FT-IR,TPR,TEM,N2吸附-脱附等方法对样品的物化性能进行表征结果表明:合成出了具有介孔结构的CoMCM-41,550℃焙烧可以将模板剂有效去除并不影响介孔结构,CoMCM-41的比表面积大于700m2/g,孔径分布在3.4～4.5 nm范围内.650℃热处理3 h或100℃水热处理5 d后CoMCM-41的比表面、孔径和孔体积变化较小,表明CoMCM-41的热稳定性和水热稳定性较好.     

含钴介孔分子筛的微波合成及其稳定性

以硅酸钠和氯化钴为原料、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,采用微波辐照法合成4种不同钴含量的含钴介孔分子筛(cobalt-containingmesoponaus molecular sieves,Co-MCM-41).用x射线粉末衍射仪、Fourier变换红外分析、程序升温还原分析、透射电子显微镜、比表面积和孔径测定仪等表征样品的物理化学性能,并研究了合成的Co-MCM--41的稳定性.结果表明t在摩尔比n(SiO2):n(CoO)-1.0:0.05～1.0:0.2的范围内都可以合成出有序性好的Co-MCM--41.随着Co添加量的增加,Co-MCM-41的比表面积减小,但孔径略有增加,所合成的Co-MCM--41经750℃焙烧3h后仍然具有介孔结构;但是,850℃焙烧3 h后,其介孔结构被破坏;100℃水热处理5 d后,Co-MCM--41仍然具有介孔结构,样品的比表面积降低很多,并且呈现出虫蛀状介孔结构.     

有序介孔La_2Zr_2O_7的制备与表征

以F127作为模板剂,通过溶剂蒸发诱导自组装法合成了具有有序孔结构、孔径分布均匀的介孔锆酸镧,系统研究了不同煅烧温度处理后介孔锆酸镧的相组成、比表面积、孔径及其分布以及微观结构。结果表明,经800℃处理后,样品开始晶化,完全晶化的样品中仅含锆酸镧相。经600℃煅烧后样品的比表面积为136 m2/g,孔体积为0.14 cm3/g,800℃煅烧后比表面积仍达90 m2/g,显示出较好的热稳定性。随着煅烧温度进一步升高,样品的比表面积和孔体积急剧减小,表明该方法制备的介孔锆酸镧最高耐热温度为800℃。透射电子显微镜观察发现,400℃去除模板后,样品具有有序介孔结构,预期其具有较好的催化性能。     

Ni-MCM-41的水热合成与稳定性

以硅酸钠(Na2SiO39H2O)、氯化镍(NiCl2·6H2O)等无机盐为原料,通过水热法合成含有不同镍含量的介孔分子筛(nickel-containing meso-porousmoleeular sieve,Ni-MCM-41).采用X射线粉末衍射、等离子发射光谱、程序升温还原,透射电子显微镜和N2吸附-脱附等技术对焙烧后的样品的物化性能进行表征,同时对所合成Ni-MCM-41的水热稳定性进行研究.结果表明:在水热条件下成功合成出4种不同镍含量的Ni-MCM-41,其比表面积在495.9～888.2 m2/g之间,平均孔径在2.43～2.92 nm之间.随着介孔分子筛中金属镍含量的增加,Ni-MCM-41的比表面积、孔体积变小和介孔有序性变差.原料摩尔比n(SiO2):n(NiO)1:0.05时,合成的Ni-MCM-41的介孔有序性最好.所合成的含Ni-MCM-41经750℃焙烧3h后仍然具有介孔结构;另一方面,经100℃水热处理5d后的样品也具有介孔结构,但介孔有序性差.     

原料中添加天然黏土室温合成介孔分子筛

室温条件下以天然黏土、硅酸钠和氯化铝为原料,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂合成介孔分子筛。用XRD,TEM,FT-IR和N₂物理吸附等手段对所合成的样品进行表征。结果表明：室温条件下添加天然黏土成功合成出介孔分子筛,其比表面积为902 m²·g^-1,平均孔径为3.97 nm。经750℃下焙烧3 h后,样品的比表面积降低,但介孔结构依然存在。在100℃下水热处理15 d后比表面积为776.78 m²·g^-1,平均孔径为4.34 nm,表明添加天然黏土室温下合成出的介孔分子筛具有高的热稳定性和水热稳定性。     

HMS介孔分子筛合成及其在丙烷脱氢制丙烯反应中的应用

分别以正硅酸乙酯和伯胺表面活性剂为原料和模板剂成功制备HMS介孔分子筛，经负载活性组分后得到Pt-Sn/HMS催化剂并将其应用于丙烷脱氢制丙烯反应。探究合成过程中伯胺表面活性剂碳链长度及水和乙醇的比例对HMS介孔分子筛孔结构的影响。XRD和N₂吸附-脱附等分析结果表明，模板剂链长增长时，介孔分子筛孔径、孔壁厚、比表面积及孔容均增大。适当的水/乙醇比例有利于获得更大比表面积和孔体积的介孔分子筛，并表现出更有序的介孔结构。丙烷脱氢制丙烯反应评价和热分析等表征结果表明，HMS介孔分子筛孔道特征直接影响Pt-Sn/HMS催化剂的催化性能。使用孔体积且比表面积较大的HMS样品作为载体制备的脱氢催化剂在丙烷脱氢反应中表现出优异的催化活性。性能最优的Pt-Sn/HMS-0.60-16催化剂上，平均丙烷转化率达到46.5%,平均丙烯选择性为94.1%,反应24 h后积炭量仅为质量分数3.4%。     

以高岭土为原料的复合分子筛的水热合成

以高岭土为原料,补加一定量的硅酸钠,利用水热法合成高稳定性复合分子筛。采用X射线衍射、Fourier变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和N2物理吸附等手段对样品进行表征,并考察样品的热稳定性和水热稳定性。结果表明:样品中有介孔和微孔双重结构,所合成分子筛的比表面积为550.43m2/g,平均孔径为2.74nm,样品经800℃焙烧3h、100℃水热处理10d后,介孔结构仍然存在。     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

卫生陶瓷烧成用窑炉发展之我见

归纳了当今卫生陶瓷工业的发展现状和水平 ,对窑炉产业提出了的新要求 ,分析了某一新型窑炉的特点 ,对发展我国陶瓷窑炉产业提出了建议     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.