序批式活性污泥法处理德士古气化废水

采用SBR(序批式活性污泥法)工艺对德士古气化工艺废水处理,结果表明:在碳、氮、磷比例理想的情况下,达到了既去除有机物又能脱氮的效果。当总停留时间控制在5～9 h、污泥负荷为0.41～0.96 kg BOD5/(kgMLSS.d)时,出水BOD5浓度为0～30 mg/L,去除率达88%～89%;出水COD浓度为10.7～32.2 mg/L,去除率达87%～89%;出水NH3-N浓度为2.83～9.23 mg/L,去除率达95%～97%。     

ABR-活性污泥法在制糖废水处理中的工程应用

制糖废水主要含有大量的有机物,COD和BOD浓度较高,同时还含有氮、磷、钾元素。采用ABR-活性污泥法工艺对其进行处理,ABR对COD去除率达到65%左右,出水COD为65 mg/L左右,直接运行费用为1.25元/m3。     

新型一体化水族箱去除养鱼自用循环水中COD和BOD_5

一体化的水族箱(含水处理器)采用物理过滤+生物降解+活性炭吸附工艺对养鱼自用水进行回收利用,研究了该工艺对养鱼自用水中的COD和BOD_5降解效果及主要影响因素.结果表明,该工艺对养鱼自用循环水中的COD和BOD_5去除率分别稳定在700～85%和75%～90%,可以长期保证鱼类在水族箱中的正常生活.     

Anaerobic biogas generation from sugar industry wastewaters in three‐phase fluidized‐bed bioreactor

In the present study, attempts are made to optimize digestion time, initial feed pH, feed temperature, and feed flow rate (organic loading rate, OLR) for maximum yield of methane gas and maximum removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) of sugar industry wastewaters in three‐phase fluidized‐bed bioreactor. Methane gas is analysed by using flame‐ionisation detector (FID). The optimum digestion time is 8 h and optimum initial pH of feed is observed as 7.5. The optimum temperature of feed is 40°C and optimum feed flow rate is 14 L/min with OLR 39.513 kg COD/m³ h. OLR is calculated on the basis of COD inlet in the bioreactor at different flow rates. The maximum methane gas concentration is 61.56% (v/v) of the total biogas generation at optimum biomethanation process parameters. The maximum biogas yield rate is 0.835 m³/kg COD/m³ h with maximum methane gas yield rate (61.56%, v/v) of 0.503 m³/kg COD/m³ h at optimum parameters. The maximum COD and BOD reduction of the sugar industry wastewaters are 76.82% (w/w) and 81.65% (w/w) at optimum biomethanation parameters, respectively.     

新型海藻式膜生物反应器处理印染废水的应用研究

针对印染废水成分复杂、色度大、浓度高且生物难降解物质多等特点,采用了混凝沉淀法对印染废水进行预处理,然后采用新型海藻式膜生物反应器(MBR)对印染废水进行活性污泥法处理试验研究.通过对COD、BOD、NH_3-N、TN、TP、色度、浊度等水质指标连续进行测定、分析与处理,考察MBR对印染废水的降解效果,并观察系统运行情况和膜组件污染状况.试验结果表明,海藻式MBR对印染废水的处理效果良好,出水浊度低于0.3 NTU,对COD、BOD、色度、NH_3-N、TN的去除率分别可达90%、94%、91.4%、87.8%、86.4%.海藻式MBR能够降低MBR膜丝根部的污染,清洗更方便、更有效.     

锯木屑对水体中总磷、氨氮、COD含量的影响

通过研究锯木屑与自然环境中水体的相互作用,发现加入锯木屑会对水体中的总磷、氨氮、COD(化学需氧量)产生显著影响,而导致水体环境的恶化。实验主要从锯木屑与水体接触时间、锯木屑的质量、锯木屑与水体作用的pH环境做了详细研究。结果显示:①接触时间上,短时间接触导致水体总磷增加率变化最大,COD增加率比氨氮增加率变化大;②锯木屑质量上,都会导致总磷、氨氮、COD的增加,其中COD增加率变化最快,其次总磷增加率,最后氨氮增加率;③pH上,在pH等于5时,总磷增加率最高,COD增加率最低,pH对氨氮增加率变化不明显,在中性pH下,氨氮增加率最低。     

生物接触氧化法处理废水技术研究

生物接触氧化法处理废水技术研究张秋望，王金泉（浙江大学化工系，杭州３１００２７）（中国蓝星化学清洗总公司，兰州７３００６０）关键词：生物接触氧化，曝气，停留时间，串流塔１前言生物接触氧化法是目前广泛采用的一种废水处理方法。该法具有能耗低、剩余污泥量少...     

倒置A2/O脱氮除磷工艺对传统活性污泥法污水厂的改造

为了解决传统活性污泥法处理生活污水存在氮、磷去除率低的问题，本文介绍了倒置A^2／O脱氮除磷新工艺的原理及其特点，并采用该工艺对某小型传统活性污泥法污水处理站进行了工艺改造。结果表明，该新工艺对传统活性污泥法污水处理厂进行的改造，可以充分利用原工艺的场地、构筑物及设备，只需少量的改建投资即可达到污水站在保持较高的COD、BOD去除率的同时，出水氮、磷的含量也达到规定的排放要求。     

化学/生物联合工艺处理城市污水研究

采用聚合硅酸铁混凝剂，直接投加到反应器中(即投加混凝剂活性污泥法)，考察其对COD、氮、磷的去除效果，并与对生物反应器出水再进行混凝沉淀(即后混凝法)进行对比。结果表明：投加混凝剂活性污泥法,COD和TN的去除率略有提高，但两种工艺没有明显的区别；后混凝法对TP的去除率略高于投加混凝剂活性污泥法,但其出水中铁离子的含量远高于投加混凝剂活性污泥法，且需要增加一套混凝、沉淀设备，因此直接将混凝剂投加到生物反应器中比较适合于辅助除磷。     

Treatment of biodiesel wastewater by indirect electrooxidation: Effect of additives and process kinetics

Due to the presence of growth inhibitor and high impurity concentration in biodiesel wastewater, both biologicaln and chemical processes are ineffective for treating such wastewater. In this work, biodiesel wastewater was treated by electrooxidation via Ti/RuO2 electrodes in batch and continuous modes. Effects of the additive type, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and sodium chloride (NaCl), and concentration on the treatment efficiency, monitored in terms of the reduction in the biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and oil and grease level, were explored. The addition of NaCl gave higher treatment efficiency than H₂O₂, and both were higher than no addition, due to the continuous generation of the oxidizing chloride species. The removal of almost all the COD and oil and grease and ~95% BOD was obtained in the presence of 0.061 M NaCl at an applied current density of 4.28 mA/cm² for 7h. In continuous operation mode, the steady state condition was reached within 11 h and the treatment efficiency decreased as the wastewater feed rate increased. By using wastewater feed rate of 2mL/min, approximately 83.56, 61.43 and 91.72% of BOD, COD and oil and grease levels were respectively removed. The rate of pollutant removal fitted a first order reaction for both the batch and continuous operation modes.     

Effect of Ozonation on Biodegradability Characteristics of Surplus Activated Sludge

The study investigates the effect of sludge ozonation on solid matter species, disintegration properties, sludge components, and solubilization characteristics under different operating conditions. Ozonation of surplus activated sludge samples taken from the secondary settling tank of a domestic wastewater treatment plant indicates that soluble nitrogen, phosphorus and COD concentrations proliferate as a consequence of extending the ozone feeding time. A steady increase both in soluble nitrogen concentration and ratio of organic phosphorus to soluble phosphorus is observed through ozonation where specific ozone doses range between 4 and 11 mg O₃/g SS. Combined treatment of chemical oxidation and aerobic biodegradation to surplus activated sludge is also applied to improve the biodegradability of organic matter by partial chemical oxidative pretreatment with as little specific ozone consumption as possible. The partial oxidation by integrated ozonation is operated as a pre-oxidation step for the subsequent biological degradation, due to the fact that the competition with biological degradation in removing biodegradable organic compounds is avoided and most probably a more biodegradable sludge composition is obtained by means of ozonation. Combined treatment of chemical oxidation and aerobic biodegradation conducted to scrutinize the synergic effect of the coupled treatment system reveals that TS and COD removal efficiencies of ozonated sludge samples cannot be improved beyond the third aerobic biodegradation step.     

Effects of operational parameters on aeration on/off time in an intermittent aeration membrane bioreactor

This study was performed to evaluate the operational parameters on aeration on/off time in an intermittent aeration membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment. The membrane bioreactor has 5.5 L of effective working volume including a microfiber membrane. The influent wastewater contained 133mg/L of BOD, 195 mg/L COD, 98 mg/L SS, 30 mg/L total nitrogen, and 3.8 mg/L total phosphorous. Operational conditions related to aeration on/off time were 8.8 h HRT, 10 LMH flux, 10 L/min air flow, and 6300 mg/L MLSS. For 2 h/cycle, aeration on/off time was operated for 12 cycles in three variations: 60/60 min, 50/70 min (I), and 40/80 min. Suction on/off time was 10/2 min, 8/2 min, and 8/2 min, respectively, but also 50/70 min (II) when aeration on/off time was operated at 8300 mg/L MLSS. The BOD removal efficiency rate of this process was higher than 97% regardless of the aeration on/off time distribution. To get higher than 82% total nitrogen removal efficiency rate, aeration off time in the reactor needs to be more than 70 min. The specific denitrification rate was 2.68 mgNO₃-N/gMv/h at 40/80 min on/off aeration times, which was 2.6 times more than at 60/60 min, and 1.4 times more than at 50/70 min (I) for 6300 mg/L MLSS. The specific nitrification rate was 1.96 mgNH₄-N/gMv/h at on/off aeration times of 50/70 min, 1.4 times less than at 40/80 min, but was ineffective for nitrification. Microbial activity was affected only a little by variation in aeration on/off time, though oxygen demand was reduced by aeration off time and allowed microbial concentration to increased. EPS (extracellular polymeric substance) per unit of microorganisms increased with aeration off time.     

COD fractionation and biodegradation kinetics of segregated domestic wastewater: black and grey water fractions

BACKGROUND: Household wastewater was segregated to grey and black water components as part of a recent approach aiming to separate wastewater fractions for more efficient treatment and reuse. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractionation and biodegradation characteristics of black and grey water were determined by means of model calibration of the oxygen uptake rate profiles. An ASM1 type of model modified for endogenous respiration was selected for this purpose. RESULTS: Calibration identified, aside from the readily biodegradable COD, two hydrolysable COD fractions in the black water, and only a single, slowly biodegradable COD fraction, in the grey water. The relative magnitude of the readily biodegradable COD fraction was high compared with typical domestic sewage, especially for grey water, and the level of particulate inert COD fraction, was relatively low. Biodegradation of soluble COD fractions in both wastewaters approximated typical rates observed for domestic sewage. However, the hydrolysis rate of the slowly biodegradable COD was quite low, reflecting the characteristics and impact of settleable organic matter. CONCLUSION: Based on the process rates obtained, aerobic biodegradation was equally effective for black and grey water fractions, both for the removal of soluble COD and the stabilization of particulate COD. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

以土壤沟槽渗滤系统为主体的组合工艺技术在污染河道治理中的应用效果

生物过滤和土壤沟槽渗滤系统组合工艺处理污染河水结合底泥原位稳定化技术处理河道底泥，处理效果好、成本低、无二次污染，可应用于内陆河流、城市河段、湖泊、生活污水等范围的水体修复。经在宁波市邹家河河道进行污染水体去污试验，结果表明各项水质指标较处理前均有了较大的改善，对COD、BOD5的去除率为80％以上，对氨氮的去除率一般为65％以上，对总磷的去除率为75％以上。该组合工艺的河道修复处理成本为0．018元/t水，大大降低了运行成本。     

阿奇霉素废水的预处理

针对阿奇霉素废水高COD、高氨氮浓度、高色度以及高含盐量的特点,采用吹脱-铁炭微电解-Fenton氧化预处理阿奇霉素废水,效果良好。试验结果表明：吹脱pH值为11～12、吹脱时间20 h时,氨氮去除率达到80%;铁炭微电解pH值为3～4、铁炭比为1.5、反应时间为80 min时,COD去除率达到45%;向微电解出水投加30 mL/L的H₂O₂（质量分数为30%）进行Fenton氧化处理,COD去除率提高到89.6%。预处理后,废水的BOD₅/COD从0.18提高到0.3,提高了废水的可生化性。     

Enhancing Biodegradability of Textile Wastewater by Ozonation Processes: Optimization with Response Surface Methodology

ABSTRACT

In this study, an ozonation process was used to increase biodegradability of textile wastewater by considering chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removal. Response surface methodology was applied in order to determine the significance of independent variables which are initial pH, reaction time and ozone dose. While a biological oxygen demand (BOD)/COD rate of 0.315 was obtained at optimum conditions, which are pH 9, 75 min of reaction time and 26 mg/L ozone dose, color and COD removal was obtained at 74% and 39%, respectively. BOD/COD ratio value increased from 0.18 to 0.32 by ozonation process. In addition, k coefficient for BOD also increased from 0.21 to 0.30 d^?1.     

甲醇／水分离塔进料泵打量不足原因分析及处理

通过对甲醇／水分离塔进料泵运行过程中出现的现象以及热再生塔的结构进行分析，查找甲醇／水分离塔进料泵打量不足的原因。通过对存在问题的整改，甲醇／水分离塔进料泵打量不足的问题得到彻底解决。     

甲胺类制药废水放电等离子体处理的研究

采用介质阻挡放电来直接处理制药废水,设计了管式介质阻挡放电反应装置,研究了废液流量、放电电压、反应时间对甲胺、COD和BOD5去除率的影响,初步分析了主要有害物质降解过程。结果表明,该方法对甲胺、COD和BOD5的去除率均有较好的作用,提高了制药废水的可生化性,可作为该废水处理的生化预处理技术。     

Processing of biscuit industrial effluent using thin film composite nanofiltration membranes

Nanofiltration (NF) is a membrane-based separation process having significant potential for the treatment of industrial effluents to enable water reuse. It has the ability to remove low molecular weight trace contaminants from water, which cannot be separated by conventional treatment methods. In the present investigation, a thin film composite polyamide membrane was synthesized by interfacial polymerization technique and evaluated for the treatment of biscuit industrial effluent. The synthesized membrane was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy to elucidate structure and intermolecular interactions, crystallinity, thermal stability and cross-sectional morphology, respectively. The influence of operating parameters such as feed pressure 0–21 kg/cm² and total dissolved solids (TDS) of 3160 ppm on water flux and impurity rejection was determined. An average flux of 11.63 L/m² h was obtained at a constant pressure of 21 kg/cm². The TDS, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) rejections were found to be 53.62, 80, and 74%, respectively, at a water recovery of 65%. A statistical mechanical model was used to validate the experimental data. Based on this study, a detailed economic estimation for processing biscuit effluent of 1 m³/h feed capacity using commercial NF system is presented. The study revealed that the synthesized NF membrane could be an effective alternative for the treatment of various industrial effluents as well as to reduce the load on reverse osmosis process for desalination of seawater and effluent treatment through high degree of COD and BOD separation.     

厌氧水解-分点进水倒置A2/O处理低含量印染废水研究

针对A2/O工艺在脱氮除磷方面存在的矛盾,以及生物难降解印染废水中碳源不足的问题,提出厌氧水解-分点进水倒置A2/O处理印染废水的新工艺。试验结果表明:新工艺仅利用2段生化处理过程,出水COD、BOD5、氨氮、TN、TP、色度分别可达77.12%、70.93%、96.59%4、5.52%、63.33%8、3.11%的平均去除率,分别比常规A2/O工艺提高16.01、27.85、3.92、8.851、9.89、0.65个百分点,显示厌氧水解-分点进水倒置A2/O工艺具有较好的污染物去除效果。