口腔颌面部恶性纤维组织细胞瘤：附4例报告

本文报告4例口腔颌面部恶性纤维组织细胞瘤。对其临床表现、病理特征、命名、诊断和治疗进行了讨论。指出该肿瘤病程长,生长迅速,转移快,易复发,预后差。组织学表现多样,临床特点与其它恶性肿瘤相似,容易误诊。     

儿童头颈部结外恶性淋巴瘤（附5例报告）

本文通过对５例儿童头颈部结节外恶性淋巴瘤的临床病理和治疗，认为儿童头颈部结外恶性淋巴瘤的临床表现，依其病理类型的不同而呈多样性，恶性程度高的恶性淋巴瘤早期易累及多个器官，波及中枢神经系统，并发生远处转移，治疗的方案以联合化疗和放疗为主，预后极差，并对其临床病理特点，影响预后的有关因素等进行了讨论。     

下颌骨滑膜肉瘤诊治初探及文献回顾

目的分析总结下颌骨滑膜肉瘤的临床及病理特点。方法分析1例左下颌骨滑膜肉瘤患者的临床资料,并检索和回顾分析相关中英文文献。结果收集文献6篇（中文1篇,英文5篇）,其中个案报道4篇,病例总结2篇。结论下颌骨滑膜肉瘤是一种较为罕见的颌骨肿瘤,男性多于女性,缺乏特异性的临床表现,确诊需依据病理和免疫组化。该肿瘤恶性程度较高,复发率高,预后较差,应扩大切除肿瘤及周围组织,并适当辅以放、化疗。     

口腔颌面部软组织肉瘤的手术治疗

本文报告口腔颌面部软组织肉瘤102例,其中男性63例、女性39例,平均年龄33.3岁(3～64岁)。病期:≤三月者17例,>3个月～2年者43例,复发病例42例。原发部位依次为上颌区、下颌区、颊、腮腺等。病理类型依次为纤维肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、神经纤维肉瘤、滑膜肉瘤、恶性纤维组织细胞瘤、血管肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤。本组病例均施行手术治疗,局部切除者68例,扩大切除者34例,其中42例作了颈清扫术,术后病检证实颈淋巴转移率为23.8％。随访:三年、五年、十年、十五年的生存率分别为:46.3％、34.8％、38.8％、38.9％。文章讨论了组织学类型的临床意义,临床表现的诊断价值,手术与临床表现的关系,术前活检和术后标本的差异,颈淋巴清扫术的临床应用,术后复发病例的再治疗评价。     

12例唾液腺嗜酸细胞癌临床病理分析

目的:观察唾液腺嗜酸细胞癌的临床和病理组织学特征,探讨其治疗与预后.方法:回顾分析2001年3月—2010年9月诊治的12例唾液腺嗜酸细胞癌患者的临床和病理资料,并进行随访分析.应用SPSS 16.0软件包,采用Kaplan Meier法进行生存分析,并绘制生存曲线.结果:唾液腺嗜酸细胞癌临床多表现为唾液腺无痛性、不规则肿块或颈淋巴结肿大.病理学上表现为嗜酸性肿瘤细胞,异形性明显,核仁显著和浸润性生长特征.手术是首选治疗,术后可结合放疗.本组患者随访6～120个月,7例无复发及转移,1例出现局部复发及远处转移后带瘤生存,2例死于局部复发,1例出现颈淋巴结转移后死于远处转移,1例放弃治疗死于肿瘤进展.随访中2年内复发3例,复发率25％:2年内死亡3例,死亡率25％.结论:唾液腺嗜酸细胞癌是一种罕见的头颈部恶性肿瘤,其病程短、进展快.治疗上首选根治性手术,肿瘤无法彻底切除、局部病变晚期或颈淋巴结转移者需行术后放疗.原发肿瘤分期和颈淋巴结转移是影响预后的主要因素.     

头颈部横纹肌肉瘤11例临床病理学分析

目的：探讨头颈部横纹肌肉瘤（rhabdomyosarcoma,RMS）的临床病理学特征、免疫表型及鉴别诊断。方法：回顾性分析11例头颈部 RMS 的临床资料、病理形态和免疫组织化学标记结果。结果：11例患者中男性8例,女性3例。年龄2～51岁,中位年龄25岁。主要表现为头颈部痛性或无痛性肿块,组织学分型：胚胎型8例,腺泡型3例。免疫组织化学结果显示瘤细胞均表达结蛋白、波形蛋白;肌调节蛋白（MyoD1）、生肌蛋白（myogenin）的阳性率分别为45％、55％;2例表达突触素,所有病例均不表达广谱角蛋白、白细胞共同抗原及 S-100。术后随访6个月～5年,其中2例死亡,4例复发,2例转移。结论：头颈部横纹肌肉瘤罕见,临床症状不典型,病理诊断需结合组织学形态及免疫表型。     

髁突滑膜肉瘤误诊为颞下颌关节紊乱病1例报道及文献复习

髁突肉瘤发病率低，临缶床症状不明显，易被误诊为颞下颌关节紊乱病。临床上结合影像学，可依据病理检查确诊，主张以手术为主的综合治疗。笔者收治左髁突滑膜肉瘤1例，全麻下行左髁突肿物及上下颌骨部分切除术，术后辅以放、化疗，治疗结束后半年无复发，其远期疗效尚待进一步随访。     

头颈部侵袭性纤维瘤9例及文献复习

目的:探讨头颈部侵袭性纤维瘤的临床表现、病理特征、治疗方式及预后.方法:根据2005年世界卫生组织的肿瘤类指导原则,回顾性分析2008 ～ 2012年间收治9例头颈部侵袭性纤维瘤的临床资料并复习相关文献.结果:发病部位以颈部(3例)、下颌下区(2例)最为常见,其次是上颌骨、颧部、眶下区、腮腺各1例,对9例患者都实施手术切除,4例患者因肿瘤已侵犯头颈部重要结构,无法获得阴性切缘,其中1例患者发生恶变,接受放射治疗,另2例术后未接受综合治疗,术后复发,所有病例无远处转移,随访时间为6 ～51个月.结论:头颈部侵袭性纤维瘤诊断主要依靠术后病理,彻底手术切除是治疗并减少复发的主要手段,对于复发或难以完整切除的病例可配合放化疗,且术后长时间密切随访.     

牙龈无色素恶性黑色素瘤1例报道并文献复习

目的：分析牙龈无色素恶性黑色素瘤的临床及病理特点，提高该病在口腔黏膜发病的认识、减少误诊、漏诊。方法：报道1例牙龈原发性无色素恶性黑色素瘤患者的临床资料，对其进行组织学观察及免疫组化标记。结果：镜下瘤组织呈小结节状，可见梭形细胞区及大部分为小圆形细胞弥漫分布区，并见有腺泡样结构，组织形态多样化。免疫组化标记瘤细胞表达HMB45、S-100、Vimentin、CK，而LCA、CD20、CD79ct、Act、Myg、EMA均为阴性。结果：口腔黏膜原发恶性黑色素瘤是一种少见的恶性黑色素瘤，尤其是无色素恶性黑色素瘤更是罕见，其临床表现无特异性，具有易复发、易转移、预后差的特点，病理表现形态复杂多样，临床与病理均要与口腔低分化癌、淋巴瘤、软组织肉瘤等鉴别，预后不良。     

口腔颌面颈部恶性淋巴瘤56例临床分析

目的：探讨头颈部恶性淋巴瘤的发病特点、临床表现以及预后的相关性分析。方法：搜集56例头颈部恶性淋巴瘤病例,采用HE染色法进行观察,分析临床特点及预后情况。结果：56例头颈部恶性淋巴瘤患者中非霍奇金恶性淋巴瘤和霍奇金恶性淋巴瘤患者分别为47例（83.93%）和9例（16.07%）,常见临床体征是包块（痛性及无痛性）,感染溃疡。49例回访,7例失访。在回访中,22例（44.90%）复发,经分析表明复发率与患者的年龄及累计部位的差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。发病部位依次为颈部、颌下、颏下。仅有头颈部症状者48例（85.71%）。初次诊断不明确者46例（82.14%）。1次病理诊断的确诊率为84.8%。治疗主要为手术＋化疗。患者5年生存率58%。结论：结外型恶性淋巴瘤的临床表现及组织学形态多样化,容易与临床上其他疾病相混淆。应通过病理检查及免疫组织化学检查以明确诊断。累犯≥2个部位和年龄〉50岁头颈部恶性淋巴瘤患者的复发率较高。     

Oral cancer: molecular technologies for risk assessment and diagnosis

Purpose: The effective biomarkers related to diagnosis, metastasis, drug resistance and irradiation sensitivity of oral cancers will help the pathologist and oncologist to determine the molecular taxonomy diagnosis and design the individualization treatment for the patients with oral cancers.     

柠檬精油对牙周致病菌抑制作用及其安全性初步研究

目的:探讨柠檬精油对牙周致病菌的体外抗菌活性及对细胞增殖的影响。方法:采用微量液体稀释法测定柠檬精油对Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC);以较低浓度的MIC为标准稀释LEO作为实验组,采用MTT法测定柠檬精油对HUVECs的毒性作用,明确抑菌浓度下LEO的安全性。结果:柠檬精油对牙周主要致病菌均有抑菌作用,Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的MIC分别是9.0 g/L、4.5 g/L、4.5 g/L、9.0 g/L,Aa、Fn的 MBC是9.0 g/L,Pg、Pi的MBC未测得。1/2MIC、1/20MIC浓度的LEO能够抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长,而低于1/200MIC浓度的LEO则对人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长没有影响,其中1/200MIC浓度的LEO作用明显优于0.02%的CHX。结论:体外环境中,柠檬精油对牙周致病菌Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi具有抗菌活性,低浓度应用对机体相对安全。     

Stimulated whole saliva components in children with Down syndrome

The authors report on the components of stimulated whole saliva from children with Down syndrome—including pH, flow rate, sialic acid and protein concentrations, and amylase and peroxidase activity. Saliva samples were collected from 35 children aged 6–10 years. Of the participants, 17 had Down syndrome and 18 did not. To stimulate saliva production, the children chewed a piece of parafilm for 10 minutes before the sample was collected. Soon after collecting the saliva sample, the authors measured pH using a portable pH-meter. Sialic acid levels were determined with a thiobarbituric acid assay. Protein content was determined with Folin's phenol reagent. Amylase was assayed and the authors measured the maltose produced by the breakdown of starch and peroxidase using ortho-dianisidine.
No statistically significant difference was observed in levels of sialic acid (free and total) between the two groups. Protein concentration was about 36% higher in the group with Down syndrome. However, the salivary flow rate, pH, and amylase and peroxidase activities were lower among the children with Down syndrome.     

Computer-assisted planning for maxillofacial prosthodontic rehabilitation

Computerized tomography (CT) planning and the use of CT derived surgical templates for implant placement have shown promise for restoring function within months after surgical reconstruction of acquired post-oncologic defects.     

牙髓再生的研究现状

目前,根管治疗术在临床上已得到了广泛的应用并成功的保存了患牙,但其仍有许多术后并发症。随着组织工程技术在口腔领域的应用,构建一种组织工程化牙髓进行牙髓-牙本质复合体的再生治疗成为可能。近年来国内外已有很多关于牙髓再生的研究,并且已经取得了一定成果。本文将对目前国内外牙髓再生的研究进展现状作一综述。     

Effect of Pingyangmycin on human venous malformation endothelial cells

Purpose: Venous malformations are common vascular anomalies with a propensity of the head and neck. Intralesional injection of Pingyangmycin (PYM, bleomycin A5 hydrochloride) is a widely used sclerotherapy method for the treatment of venous malformation.     

Clinical and pathological aspects on some odontogenic tumors

Odontogenic tumors constitute a very diverse group of lesions that reflects the complex processes of odontogenesis. Controversies over their classification/subtyping, terminology and diagnosis have been persisted, which has direct bearings on therapeutic and/or prognostic implications.     

Can you be too old for oral implants? An update on ageing and plasticity in the oro‐facial sensorimotor system

This review focuses on the capacity of the brain for plasticity and the utility and efficacy of oral implants in helping to restore oro‐facial sensorimotor functions, especially in elderly patients. The review first outlines the components of the oro‐facial sensorimotor system which encompasses both oro‐facial tissues and a number of brain regions. One such region is the sensorimotor cortex that controls the activity of the numerous oro‐facial skeletal muscles. These muscles are involved in a number of functions including reflexes and the more complex sensorimotor functions of mastication, swallowing and speech. The review outlines the use by the brain of sensory inputs from oro‐facial receptors in order to provide for exquisite sensorimotor control of the activity of the oro‐facial muscles. It highlights the role in this sensorimotor control played by periodontal mechanoreceptors and their sensory inputs to the brain, and how oral implants in concert with the plastic capacity of the brain may, at least in part, compensate for reduced sensorimotor functioning when teeth are lost. It outlines findings of ageing‐related decrements in oro‐facial sensorimotor functions and control. The changes in oro‐facial tissues and the brain that underlie these ageing‐related functional alterations are also considered, along with adaptive and compensatory processes that utilise the brain's capacity for plasticity. The review also notes the evidence t hat rehabilitation that incorporates adjunctive approaches such as sensorimotor training paradigms in addition to oral prostheses such as implants may enhance these processes and help maintain or facilitate recovery of sensorimotor functioning in the elderly.     

Tumor microenvironment in oral cancer: novel approaches for immunotherapy

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), which arises from the squamous mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx, is a major health problem in the US and other parts of the world, especially in developing countries.