针电极记录面神经F波及相关参数在偏侧面肌痉挛中的应用

目的建立针电极记录面神经F波各参数正常参考值,为临床评估偏侧面肌痉挛(hemifacial spasm,HFS)提供电生理依据。方法对22例HFS患者及36名健康对照组进行双侧面神经F波检测。该方法以下颌缘支刺激、针电极颏肌记录,同时获取复合肌肉动作电位(compound muscle action potentials,CAMP或M波)及F波。比较HFS组与健康对照组F波及相关参数的差异,并探讨HFS组F波参数与痉挛程度评分(Cohen Grading)的相关性。结果健康对照组,F波的潜伏期、出现率、时程及F波与M波的波幅比(ration of F-wave amplitude and M-wave amplitude,F/M)左右两侧及性别间无统计学差异,F波最小潜伏期(minimal latency of Fwave,Fmin)及平均潜伏期(mean latency of F-wave,Fmean)与头围呈正相关(Fmin r=0.449,P=0.013;Fmean r=0.391,P=0.033),但未发现其与年龄或身高相关。HFS组痉挛侧的F波平均时程(duration of F-wave,Fdura)较非痉挛侧(13.1 ms vs. 9.5 ms,P0.01)及健康对照组(13.1 ms vs. 9.7 ms,P0.001)延长,痉挛侧F/M较非痉挛侧(6.9%vs. 3.8%,P0.001)及健康对照组(6.9%vs. 3.7%,P0.001)增加。痉挛侧F/M与Cohen评分呈正相关(r=0.538,P=0.001)。结论运用针电极可在颏肌记录到清晰的面神经F波,在HFS患者中可见痉挛侧延长的Fdura和增高的F/M,F/M可为临床评价HFS患者痉挛程度提供客观依据。     

F波监测面神经功能评估价值实验研究

目的 探讨F波监测对听神经瘤压力模型大鼠面神经功能评估的价值.方法 对58例模型及对照组SD大鼠行面神经F波监测,记录其潜伏期、波幅及与M波比值(F/M);继而行生物素化葡聚糖胺(BDA)面神经逆行示踪,计数面神经核BDA阳性神经元标记率(BDA+-N%);光、电镜检查小脑脑桥角池段面神经;统计分析F/M与BDA+-N%的相关性,并探讨与面神经病理改变的关系.结果 与两对照组比较,小-大各肿瘤组F波潜伏期延长或部分丢失,F/M依次为77.13%,48.91%和11.54%(P<0.001);BDA+-N%依次为77.28%,48.28%和11.55%(P<0.001).各组F/M与BDA+-N%呈线性正相关(r=0.996,P<0.001).面神经光、电镜观察显示病损随球囊体积增大逐渐加重.结论 面神经F波改变可以用于评估面神经功能完整性,反映其病损程度,应有助于术中面神经监测和术后功能预测.     

肉毒毒素治疗偏侧面肌痉挛伴耳部症状的临床和电生理研究

目的 探讨偏侧面肌痉挛(HFS)伴耳部症状患者耳后肌受累以及A型肉毒毒素耳后肌注射的作用.方法 2009年7月至2010年1月就诊我科临床诊断为特发性HFS,同时伴有耳鸣或杂音、耳中"滴答声"或弹响、耳部不适等耳部症状的63例患者,其中33例于额肌、眼轮匝肌、颧肌及颊肌等常规位点注射(常规组),30例除常规位点外另予以耳后肌注射(耳后组).注射前后记录口轮匝肌和耳后肌的异常肌反应(AMR)、测量峰-峰波幅值;注射后至少4周,平均(29.5±2.5)d时随访.结果 (1)注射后两组患者均有耳部症状缓解,耳后组[76.7％(23/30)]的缓解率比常规组[45.5％(15/33)]更高(x2=6.40,P=0.011).(2)注射后痉挛侧AMR波幅均显著降低.注射前后常规组口轮匝肌波幅(μV)分别为304.0±30.3、129.3±9.6(t=5.820,P=0.000),耳后肌波幅(μV)分别为298.0±33.3、184.7±20.2(t=2.818,P=0.014);注射前后耳后组口轮匝肌波幅(μV)分别为405.3±66.7、116.0±10.0(t=4.214,P=0.001),耳后肌波幅(μV)分别为390.0±53.6、72.0±9.7(t=6.011,P=0.000).(3)在耳后组,注射后耳后肌AMR波幅降低比常规组更明显(t=4.237,P=0.001).结论 在HFS伴耳部症状患者中电生理检测有助于指导治疗;除常规位点外,耳后肌注射可更好地改善患者的耳部症状.     

49例桥小脑角区肿瘤病人术前面神经电生理的指标分析

目的探讨面神经M波和F波对桥小脑角(CPA)区肿瘤病人面神经功能评估的临床意义。方法回顾性分析49例CPA区肿瘤病人的临床资料,均采用面神经电图检测M波和F波,统计比较健侧与病侧差异。结果与健侧比较,病侧M波波幅较低(P=0.023),F波潜伏期延长且波幅下降(P 0.001),F-M潜伏期延长(P=0.001)。结论 F波、M波可以客观评价CPA区肿瘤病人的面神经功能,反映面神经近端的临床病变。     

面肌痉挛微血管减压术后持续性异常肌反应对预后的影响

目的 探讨异常肌反应（AMR）在面肌痉挛（HFS）微血管减压术（MVD）后持续存在的意义。方法 回顾性分析2012年2月至2017年2月MVD治疗的168例HFS的临床资料。术中进行电生理监测记录AMR波,其中162例监测到AMR波,术后130例AMR波形消失（AMR波消失组）,32例波形未消失（AMR波未消失组）。结果 AMR波消失组术后即刻治愈率（90.8%,118/130）明显高于AMR波未消失组（46.9%,15/32;P<0.05）。两组术后并发症发生率无统计学差异（3.8% vs. 3.8%;P>0.05）。AMR波消失组128例获得随访,随访时间13~71个月,平均41.2个月;AMR波未消失32均获得随访,随访时间15~70个月,平均43.6个月。AMR波消失组随访治愈率（94.5%）与AMR波未消失组（93.8%）无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 HFS病人MVD中,AMR监测对判断面神经减压是否充分具有一定的指导价值;术后AMR波形持续存在并不意味着预后不佳。     

异常肌反应检测对面肌痉挛诊断及鉴别诊断的意义

目的评估异常肌反应(abnormal muscle response,AMR)检测在面肌痉挛(hemifacial spasm,HFS)诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值。方法选取因眼轮匝肌痉挛就诊于作者医院的50例患者,其中41例最终经临床诊断为HFS,7例为眼睑痉挛(blepharospasm,BSP),2例为特发性眼睑-口下颌肌张力障碍(Meige综合征)。回顾性分析以上三组患者面肌的AMR检测结果,检测方法为刺激面神经下颌缘后,记录同侧眼轮匝肌的AMR检测结果。分析这三种疾病的AMR阳性率,如三组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),则进一步分析HFS患侧组AMR阳性率分别与其余两组比较差异是否有统计学意义;并根据HFS患者及非HFS患者AMR的检测结果,计算出AMR诊断HFS的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及约登指数。结果在41例HFS患者中患侧面肌AMR阳性率为95.12%(39例),眼睑痉挛组、Meige综合征组中AMR阳性率均为0%(0例),三组间AMR阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);HFS患侧组分别与其余两组比较,AMR阳性率均高于其他两组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.0167)。应用AMR检测来诊断HFS,灵敏度为95.12%,特异度为100%,阳性预测值为100%,阴性预测值为95.35%,约登指数为0.95%。结论 AMR检测对HFS的诊断及鉴别诊断可能具有重要参考价值。     

脑卒中患者双上肢F波的变化及其评价肢体痉挛的可靠性

目的观察脑卒中患者双上肢正中神经F波的变化特征及其与患侧上肢肌张力的关系,探讨F波在脑卒中患者上肢痉挛评价中的应用价值。方法选取2014-7—2015-7作者医院神经内科收治的脑卒中患者40例(脑卒中组),其中男24例、女16例;选取30名健康者作为正常对照组,其中男18名,女12名。应用丹麦丹迪公司生产的Keypoint.net肌电/诱发电位仪进行F波测定,对脑卒中组患者患侧、健侧及正常对照组F波的潜伏期、出现率、传导速度、波幅及面积进行比较。对脑卒中组患侧上肢进行改良Ashworth评分(MAS),并与F波部分参数进行Spearman相关性分析。结果 (1)脑卒中组患侧、健侧与正常对照组间F波潜伏期、传导速度、波幅及面积比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01),F波出现率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)脑卒中组患侧F波传导速度较健侧减慢(P0.01),波幅增高(P0.01),面积增大(P0.01),而F波潜伏期与出现率变化无统计学差异(P0.05);(3)脑卒中患者患侧潜伏期较正常对照组延长(P0.01),传导速度减慢(P0.01),而健侧潜伏期及传导速度与正常对照组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);(4)脑卒中患者患侧F波波幅与腕及四指MAS评分均呈正相关(r=0.906,P0.01;r=0.685,P0.01),F波面积与腕及四指MAS评分均呈正相关(r=0.917,P0.01;r=0.669,P0.01),F波传导速度与四指MAS评分呈负相关(r=-0.524,P0.05)。结论脑卒中患者患侧上肢F波波幅及面积分别与MAS评分存在正相关,F波传导速度与四指MAS评分存在负相关,F波的传导速度、波幅及面积可作为脑卒中患者上肢痉挛程度评价客观的电生理指标。     

显微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛后出现延迟治愈的相关因素分析

目的探讨显微血管减压术(MVD)治疗面肌痉挛(HFS)术后延迟治愈的相关因素。方法回顾性分析行MVD治疗的415例HFS病人的临床资料,统计分析延迟治愈的相关因素。结果术后出现延迟治愈106例(25.5%),症状持续7 d～8个月后完全消失。延迟治愈的发生与病人性别、年龄、术中血管压迫情况无关(均P0.05);与病史长短、术前症状严重程度、动脉硬化及异常面肌反应(AMR)有关(均P0.05)。术前病史长短对延迟治愈持续时间影响最大,且二者呈一定正相关性(r=0.77,P0.01)。结论延迟治愈为MVD治疗HFS术后较为常见的现象,发生原因尚不明确,术后病人应持续随访1年以上再进行疗效评价。     

异常肌反应在面神经显微血管减压术中的应用

目的 探讨异常肌反应(abnormal muscle response,AMR)监测在面神经显微血管减压术(microvascular decolnpression,MVD)中鉴别责任血管、评估减压效果以及判断预后方面的作用.方法 241例典型面肌痉挛患者接受了面神经MVD术中AMR的实时监测,并在术后1周进行疗效评估,分析术中AMR变化与手术预后之问的关系.结果 所有241例患者均在术中记录到典型AMR波形,术后第1周217例(90.0%)患者症状完全缓解.AMR消失组175例,其中165例(94.3%)症状缓解;AMR未消失组66例,52例(78 8%)症状缓解.统计学分析显示AMR消失组的疗效明显好于AMR未消失组(P<0.05).结论 术中AMR监测可辅助判断责任血管,评估减压效果,对提高手术疗效具有较高的应用价值.

Abstract：

Objective Abnormal muscle response( AMR) to the electrical stimulation of a branch of facial nerve is a specific electrophysiological feature of primary hemifacial spasm ( HFS) .Although the correlation between intraoperative AMR findings and postoperative results in patients with HFS has been investigated before, the AMR monitoring has not been employed widely during the microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery.The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of AMR monitoring during MVD, and the correlation between the AMR changes and the clinical outcome.Method This study included 241 cases of MVD.Intraoperative AMR monitoring was performed for each subject.The patients were divided into two groups based on whether the AMR wave disappeared or not following decompression of the facial nerve.Results The AMR disappeared after MVD in 175 patients.Among these 175 patients, 165(94.3% ) patients were relieved from HFS 1 week after HFS.Out of the 66 patients in whom the AMR persisted after MVD, 52(78.8%) patients were relieved.The correlation between intraoperative AMR abolition and HFS relief was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ) .Conclusions Intraoperative AMR monitoring is an effective assistant for a successful MVD for the patient with HFS.It may be helpful in predicting outcomes in short term and identifying offending vessels,so it should be monitored routinely during MVD.     

运动单位电位多项参数正常值的分析

目的探讨定量肌电图正常运动单位电位(MUP)4项参数的特征、相互关系、正常值及其临床神经生理意义。方法采用棘波触发平均技术,在轻度用力肌肉收缩下记录正常4条肌肉,胫骨前肌118例、股四头肌内侧头71例、手部第一骨间背侧肌63例、三角肌80例。测定MUP的4项参数:波幅、时限、面积、面积／波幅。结果在MUP所有参数中,胫骨前肌、第一骨间背侧肌、三角肌的面积与年龄相关性最强(F=24．591,19．788,16．839,P <0．01)。在互相独立的参数中,波幅与面积的相关性最为显著(r=0．635,0．780,0．663,P<0．01),除了第一骨间背侧肌外,这两种参数从不同角度反映了MUP的特征。面积为波幅依赖性参数。面积／波幅和波幅为互相独立的参数。面积／波幅与时限具有很强的相关性(r=0．489,0．372,0．781,0．476,P<0．01),但与波幅不具有相关性(P> 0．05)。波幅与时限不具有相关性(P>0．05)。结论新参数面积和面积／波幅可能在神经系统疾病诊断中有助于弥补传统肌电图的波幅和时限参数的不足。     

Experimental study on the correlation between abnormal muscle responses and F waves in hemifacial spasm

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the correlation between abnormal muscle response (AMR) and F wave by establishing an animal model of hemifacial spasm (HFS). METHODS: Both demyelination in the main trunk of the facial nerve just distal to stylomastoid foramen and vascular compression were used to duplicate animal model of HFS in ten New Zealand white rabbits. AMR and F waves were elicited from the orbicularis oculi and mentalis muscles respectively by stimulating marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve 6 weeks post-operatively. Correlation analyses were used to compare the relationship between AMR/M and F/M amplitude ratio and between the duration of AMRs and F waves. RESULTS: There was a linear correlation between the mean values of the AMR/M and F/M amplitude ratio (r=0.8602, p<0.01), which can also be found between the duration of AMRs and F waves (r=0.7702, p<0.01). DISCUSSION: Enhanced F waves and AMRs may have the same origin. The F wave can be regarded as a more direct index in the diagnosis pre-operatively, monitoring intraoperatively and follow-up post-operatively in patients with HFS.     

面肌痉挛发病机制的实验研究

目的 通过建立面肌痉挛的动物模型,结合电生理检测技术,探讨其发病机制。方法 ２８只新西兰大白兔随机分为４组：面神经脱髓鞘并血管压迫组（模型组）１３只;单一面神经血管压迫组５只;单一面神经脱髓鞘组５只;假手术对照组５只。术后第３、６周检测并比较各组动物的异常肌反应（ＡＭＲ）和Ｆ波变化。结果 术后第３周,４组动物均未诱发出ＡＭＲ,模型组有１０只动物于术后第６周诱发出典型的ＡＭＲ;模型组动物的Ｆ／Ｍ波幅比率、Ｆ波持续时间及其诱发频率均明显高于其他各组动物（Ｐ〈０．０１）,但各组动物的Ｆ波潜伏期差异无显著性意义（Ｐ〉０．０５）。结论 面神经运动核兴奋性的增高可能是发生面肌痉挛的主要病理生理基础。     

Assessment of facial nerve function in acoustic tumor disease by nasal muscle F waves and transcranial magnetic stimulation

Standard transcranial magnetic stimulation and nasal muscle F-wave recordings were used to assess proximal facial nerve function in 27 patients with unilateral acoustic tumors (mean diameter, 29 mm) and clinically intact facial nerve function. Latency measurements for F waves and cortical magnetic stimulation were abnormal. Moreover, F ratios, central motor conduction time, and the ratio of response latency to cortical and cisternal magnetic stimulation were significantly increased. Amplitudes were unchanged. Correlation analysis with tumor diameter as dependent variable yielded maximum r values for F-wave latencies (0.57) and F ratios (0.41), whereas for magnetic stimulation, a significant correlation could be found (0.4) only for cortical stimulation. Nasal muscle F-wave recording can reveal clinically inapparent facial nerve dysfunction. Its efficacy in predicting tumor diameter seems to be superior to that of standard magnetic stimulation.     

面肌痉挛显微血管减压术中异常肌反应监测价值研究

目的探讨异常肌反应(AMR)监测在鉴别责任血管、评估减压效果以及判断预后方面的作用。方法24例面肌痉挛患者接受了术中AMR监测的研究,麻醉诱导后不使用肌松剂。采取刺激面神经颧支,记录同侧颏肌电反应的方法,分析AMR监测结果与术后疗效的关系。结果术中所有患者均记录到特征性的AMR波形。面神经根减压后AMR消失20例,AMR未消失4例。AMR消失的20例患者术后1周17例患者面肌痉挛消失,随访结果20例患者面肌痉挛消失。术中AMR未消失的4例患者术后1周1例患者面肌痉挛消失,随访结果2例患者面肌痉挛消失。经统计学分析AMR消失组的疗效明显好于AMR未消失组。结论术中AMR监测有助于鉴别责任血管,评估即刻减压效果,有助于判断手术的预后,能够显著提高面肌痉挛患者手术的长期效果。     

面神经受压程度对微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛疗效的影响

目的 探讨微血管减压术后面肌痉挛缓解率与神经受压程度的关系.方法 回顾性分析48例面神经严重受压(A组)和同期365例面神经受压不明显的面肌痉挛病人(B组)的临床资料,均行微血管减压术,并对比两组术后效果.结果 A组:术后面肌痉挛即刻完全缓解44例(91.7％),明显减轻2例,部分减轻2例,总有效率为95.8％;术后并发症3例(6.2％).B组:术后面肌痉挛即刻完全缓解338例(92.6％),明显减轻18例,部分减轻6例,无效3例,总有效率97.5％;术后并发症19例(5.2％).两组术后即刻完全缓解率、总有效率及并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P ＞0.05).结论 微血管减压术是治疗面肌痉挛的首选方法,面神经受压程度对微血管减压术后痉挛缓解率无明显影响.     

A normative study on human facial F waves.

F waves from the nasalis muscle were obtained bilaterally after transcutaneous constant-current stimulation of the facial nerve in 37 of 42 (88%) healthy volunteers examined. F waves were of varying shape and latency. Standard parameters (latencies, amplitudes, ratios, chronodispersion) of F-wave analysis were assessed. Of these, minimum and mean F-wave latencies, the F ratio, and F-wave and peripheral conduction times (PCT) were approximately normally distributed, with a low standard deviation. Latencies and conduction times exhibited a significantly positive correlation with body height, as has been demonstrated for the F-wave latencies in limb muscles. Side and sex differences were present but without statistical significance. Chronodispersion and chronodispersion range, F-wave amplitudes, and F-wave frequencies were broadly scattered. It is concluded that F-wave latencies and conduction times are best suited to define a range of reference values. Moreover, facial F waves bear characteristics similar to those described for F waves recorded from limb muscles.     

A new method for monitoring abnormal muscle response in hemifacial spasm: A prospective study

Objective

To examine a new abnormal muscle response (AMR) monitoring method during microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm.

面肌痉挛显微血管减压术后远期疗效及影响因素分析

目的评价显微血管减压术（MVD）治疗面肌痉挛的远期疗效,并分析影响其疗效的相关因素。方法回顾性分析473例经MVD治疗的面肌痉挛病人的临床资料,观察术后疗效、复发率及相关并发症：并通过有序多分类Logistic回归分析影响MVD疗效的相关因素。结果经MVD治疗后痊愈359例（75．9％）,缓解86例（18．2％）,无效28例（5．9％）,总有效率达94．1％。有序多分类Logistic回归分析显示：术中面神经受压程度和术中异常肌反应（AMR）检测消失情况对病人的远期疗效有显著影响（P〈0．01）。随访期间复发11例,行再次手术5例。面瘫、耳鸣和脑脊液漏等术后并发症均在随访期间恢复,部分听力下降病人无改善。结论MVD治疗面肌痉挛安全、有效。在明确解除责任血管压迫的前提下,术中面神经可见有压迹和术中AMR消失的病人,MVD的远期疗效更好。     

Prognostic significance of preoperative electrophysiologic investigation for facial nerve outcome in acoustic neuroma surgery

The prognostic significance of transcranial magnetic stimulation and nasal muscle F-wave recording to predict postoperative facial nerve function was assessed in 24 patients with unilateral acoustic neuromas (mean diameter, 31 mm) and clinically intact facial nerve function. Latency of F waves and response to cortical magnetic stimulation, as well as F ratios, central motor conduction time, and the ratio of response latency to cortical and cisternal magnetic stimulation were significantly increased. Outcome analysis revealed no significant correlation between preoperative electrophysiologic changes and postoperative facial nerve function. However, a significant correlation with tumor diameter was detected. Thus, acoustic neuroma size seems to be the best predictor of facial nerve function after surgery.     

Treatment with botulinum toxin improves the hyperexcitability of the facial motoneuron in patients with hemifacial spasm

Abstract

Botulinum toxin type A (BTX) injection into the orbicularis oculi muscle is an effective treatment for patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS). The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of this treatment on HFS, in particular the associated hyperexcitability of the facial motor nucleus, and to discuss the potential mechanism of HFS. F waves in the mentalis muscle were examined before, 2 and 6 weeks after the BTX treatment of only the orbicularis oculi muscle in ten patients with HFS. F/M ratio, duration of F waves and frequency of F waves decreased significantly after the BTX treatment compared with those before the BTX treatment. These findings demonstrate that the excitability of the facial motonucleus decreases after BTX treatment of the orbicularis oculi muscle. From these results, we hypothesize that the trigeminal afferent input and the cortical control contribute to the hyperexcitability of the facial motor nucleus in patients with HFS. This warrants further investigation into the pathophysiology of HFS.