肝癌的影像学评价:1.5T MRI与常规CT、US比较

目的：探讨三种非创伤性影像检查方法ＭＲＩ、ＣＴ和ＵＳ在肝癌诊断中的敏感性和准确性。方法：５２例经病理及临床证实的ＨＣＣ行ＭＲＩ,ＣＴ和ＵＳ检查。结果：ＭＲＩ常规序列与ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ相比,敏感性以ＳＥＴ２Ｗ及ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ序列为高。对ＨＣＣ检出总的敏感性依次为ＭＲＩ（ＳＥ＋ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ）８５．８９％,ＣＴ７５．６４％,ＵＳ７１．７９％,＜３ｃｍＨＣＣ,ＭＲＩ检出的敏感性为７１．４２％明显高于ＣＴ（５１．４２％）和ＵＳ（４５．７１％）,对于＞３ｃｍＨＣＣ,三者敏感性相似。ＨＣＣ定性准确性依次为动态增强ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ（９２．０６％）,常规ＳＥ序列（８５．９３％）,ＣＴ（８４．７４％）,ＵＳ（７５．００％）,ＳＥ序列结合动态增强ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ对肝癌定性准确性可达９５％,明显优于ＣＴ和ＵＳ。结论：在ＨＣＣ的检出敏感性和定性诊断上,１．５ＴＭＲＩＳＥ序列结合动态增强ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ明显优于常规ＣＴ和ＵＳ,为肝癌重要的影像学检查手段。     

Gd－DTPA增强MRI对肺癌的分期价值

利用平扫和Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ（二乙二胺五醋酸钆·马根维显）增强ＭＲＩ图像对３８例原发性支气管肺癌的ＴＮＭ分期进行了分析，并与ＣＴ和病理分期结果进行了对照。重点评估了Ｔ因素分期的四项指标：（１）侵犯胸膜；（２）侵入纵隔；（３）与周围肺组织继发性改变（阻塞性肺炎和肺不张）的鉴别；（４）胸内淋巴结转移。结果显示：对侵犯胸膜的显示，ＭＲＩ与ＣＴ相似，其敏感性分别为４０％和７５％，特异性为８６％和９３％，准确性为７４％和８９％；对侵犯纵隔的显示，ＭＲＩ比ＣＴ敏感，特异性和准确性相似。     

肺癌MRI与癌细胞核DNA含量及S期分数的相关性

探讨肺癌ＭＲＩ信号及形态特征与ＤＮＡ倍体的关系。材料和方法：２６例原发性支气管肺癌患者,术前用Ｒｅｓｏｎｅｘ０．３８Ｔ磁共振成义行冠状面及横断面成像（ＳＥ Ｔ１ＷＩ和ＧＲ）,增强后行横断面ＳＥ Ｔ１ＷＩ。术后肺癌标本用细胞图像分析仪,测定每例患者的ＤＮＡ含量及Ｓ期分数（ＳＰＦ）。结果：未增强Ｔ１ＷＩ异倍体肿瘤信号强度比显著大于二倍体肿瘤的信号强度比。异位体肿瘤的ＳＰＦ值也显著大于二倍体肿瘤,ＭＲＩ     

Gd-DTPA在诊断卵巢肿块中的应用及评价

目的：正确评价Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ在诊断卵巢病变中的作用。材料和方法：采用ＭＲ的Ｔ２加权成像（Ｔ２ＷＩ）和增强前后Ｔ１加权成像（Ｔ１ＷＩ）３种序列，对具有手术病理结果的７５例１１０个卵巢肿块进行回顾性分析。结果：静注Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ后有以下变化特征：（１）恶性肿瘤特征显示正确率由８３．３％升至１００．０％。（２）良、恶性肿块的实质均有明显强化，其强化率之间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；不同强化时程，绝大多数病变的强化率也无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。（３）２２例手术病理明确分期的恶性肿瘤患者中，常规平扫Ｔ１ＷＩ及Ｔ２ＷＩ，分期正确率为５９．１％，运用造影剂后升至７７．３％，结合ＭＲＩ的３个序列可达８１．８％。结论：Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ可改善对肿瘤的描述和对其内部结构的显示，提高对恶性肿瘤诊断及分期的正确率，但Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ增强无特异性，尚不能依据信号的强化程度来判断病灶的性质，恰当的选择使用对临床具有重要的指导意义。     

^201TlSPECT和MRI评估胶质瘤恶性度的比较

目的评估２０１ＴｌＳＰＥＣＴ与增强ＭＲＩ在脑胶质瘤恶性度判断中的价值。方法３７例经组织学证实的幕上胶质瘤病人，按ＷＨＯ分级，１３例为低级别损害，８例为间变性损害，１６例为胶质母细胞瘤。采用半定量法，比较２０１Ｔｌ摄取、ＭＲＩ增强与胶质瘤组织学级别的关系。结果在低级别损害组２０１Ｔｌ平均摄取值为１２３±０７６，明显低于间变组２６０±１２４（Ｐ＜００１）和胶质母细胞瘤组４４５±１６８（Ｐ＜００１），后两组差异也有显著性（Ｐ＜００５）。若用２０１Ｔｌ摄取值２０作为阈值，鉴别高与低级别胶质瘤，则８３８％（３１／３７）病例可被正确预测。研究显示，按肿瘤在ＭＲＩ上的增强度来判定其恶性程度，其主要缺陷在于中等度增强缺乏特异性，而２０１ＴｌＳＰＥＣＴ可弥补其不足。结论对于胶质瘤恶性度的判定，２０１ＴｌＳＰＥＣＴ比ＭＲＩ更有价值     

颅内钙化磁共振信号变化的临床观察

目的 探讨颅内钙化的ＰＲＩ信号变化和ＭＲＩ对钙化病灶的检出敏感性。材料与方法 搜集４４例颅内钙化病例的ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ资料,其中２９例行ＭＲＩ增强的扫描,钙化病灶共５３枚。结果（１）ＭＲＩ Ｔ１ＷＩ和Ｔ２ＷＩ对钙化的检出敏感性为８４．９％,其中Ｔ２ＷＩ检出率明显高于Ｔ１ＷＩ（Ｐ＝０．０００１１）;大病灶的检出率明显高于小病灶（Ｐ〈０．０５）。（２）钙化在ＭＲＩ Ｔ１ＷＩ和Ｔ２ＷＩ均可显示为高、等、低、     

垂体瘤的CT和MRI增强

目的：分析垂体瘤的ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ增强表现，探讨增强后ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ对诊断垂体瘤的价值。材料和方法：对手术和病理证实的２４２例垂体瘤，回顾性分析ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ增强前后表现。结果：２４２例中微腺瘤（≤１０ｍｍ）８１例，大腺瘤（＞１０ｍｍ）１６１例。微腺瘤直接征象为垂体内的ＣＴ低密度或ＭＲＩ（Ｔ１ＷＩ）低信号。增强后ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ显著提高低密度或低信号的显示率（Ｐ＜０．０１）。大腺瘤增强后扫描肿瘤均有不同程度的强化。ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ增强对于显示肿瘤的部位、大小、范围、鞍旁结构如海绵窦和颈内动脉的受侵情况以及显示残存正常垂体均有很高的价值。介绍了一种新的ＭＲＩ垂体瘤分级方法－ＳＩＰＡＰ分级系统。结论：ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ增强对垂体瘤的定位、定性、定量和定级诊断均具有至关重要的作用。     

肺癌侵犯肺静脉干的CT,MRI表现及与病理的相关性研究

目的：探讨肺癌侵犯肺静脉干（ｐｕｌｍｏｎａｒｙｖｅｎｏｕｓｔｒｕｎｋ，ＰＶＴ）的病理方式及其与ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ表现的相关性。材料和方法：观察３１例肺癌侵犯ＰＶＴ的大体及显微病理改变，盲法判断ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ表现并与病理对照。结果：病理表现分为三组：５例癌肿与管壁一侧相贴，主要侵犯外膜；１６例癌肿沿管壁环形堆积式浸润；１０例癌肿沿管壁长轴匍匐式浸润。ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ表现亦分为三组：肿块与一侧管壁相贴，管腔通畅；肿块包埋ＰＶＴ，管腔狭窄或闭塞；肿块位于心包外段，同时心包内段ＰＶＴ增粗、信号异常。ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ征象与病理表现Ｋａｐｐａ值各为０．３７及１．００。结论：肺癌以相贴、环形堆积浸润、纵向匍匐浸润等方式侵犯ＰＶＴ，ＭＲＩ征象与之密切相关。因此，ＭＲＩ是术前判断癌肿侵犯ＰＶＴ方式的重要手段。     

眼内异物MRI临床应用研究

目的：通过分析４２例５５枚眼内异物的ＭＲＩ表现，并与ＣＴ和Ｘ线平片比较，探讨了ＭＲＩ对眼内异物的诊断价值。材料与方法：男３３例，女９例，年龄５～４５岁。５５枚眼内异物中非磁性异物５３枚，铁磁性异物２枚。每例均在术前１个月内完成Ｘ线平片、ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ检查。结果：（１）ＭＲＩ对５５枚眼内异物检出率（９４％）和ＣＴ（９１％）相仿（Ｐ＞０．２５），均明显高于Ｘ线平片（４２％）（Ｐ＜０．００５）；（２）ＭＲＩ对眼内异物相关并发症的显示优于ＣＴ，而其对巩膜异物的显示差于ＣＴ；（３）ＳＥ序列Ｔ２ＷＩ和ＰＤＷＩ（质子密度加权成像）是检出眼内异物的优选序列；（４）非磁性异物ＭＲＩ呈信号缺失区，无伪迹产生；而铁磁性异物产生大量伪迹，并可致眼部额外损伤。结论：ＭＲＩ是检出眼内非磁性异物的有效方法，特别适用于Ｘ线平片和ＣＴ不能显示的少数非金属异物。眼内铁磁性异物不适于ＭＲＩ。     

Gd-DTPA 增强 MRI 胸部组织序列信号变化的临床研究

目的：通过对肺癌和正常胸部组织的Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ增强前后的信号强度、信噪比和相对信噪比的分析，探讨增强ＭＲ在胸部的应用价值。方法：用ＤＩＡＳＯＮＩＣ０．３５Ｔｅｓｌａ超导型ＭＲ成像仪。先常规平扫Ｔ１ＷＩ、Ｔ２ＷＩ，然后按０．１ｍｍｏｌ／ｋｇ体重，静脉内一次性注入Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ（维影钆胺注射液）。立即行兴趣部位Ｔ１ＷＩ扫描。计算机测量病变及对照组织（皮下脂肪、肌肉、肺野及噪声）的信号强度，计算其信噪比（ＳＮＲ）和相对信噪比（ＣＮＲ）。结果：２９例支气管肺癌平均信号强度明显高于对照组织（Ｐ＜０．０１），增强后Ｔ１ＷＩ的ＳＮＲ明显高于平扫Ｔ１ＷＩ和Ｔ２ＷＩ；ＣＮＲ（以肌肉为对照）则高于平扫Ｔ１ＷＩ，与Ｔ２ＷＩ相似；与脂肪为参照物则与平扫Ｔ１ＷＩ、Ｔ２ＷＩ相似；以肺野为参照物则与Ｔ１ＷＩ相似，明显高于Ｔ２ＷＩ。结论：支气管肺癌增强后较对照组织有明显的强化；增强后Ｔ１ＷＩ可显著提高ＭＲ的信噪比，改善图像质量。ＭＲ造影剂在胸部有一定的应用价值     

Bronchogenic carcinoma staging: comparison of magnetic resonance/computerized tomography]

The staging of bronchogenic carcinoma is an important factor to select the appropriate treatment. Indeed, the definition of locoregional spread and of hilar and mediastinal node involvement is essential for both correct preoperative assessment and prognostic evaluation of bronchogenic carcinoma. CT and MR imaging are the methods of choice in the evaluation of T and N, even though other techniques--e.g., US and nuclear medicine--can also provide valuable diagnostic information. The authors examined 50 patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma by means of plain radiographs, CT and MR of the chest. MR and CT findings were compared with surgical results on the basis of TNM classification. In the evaluation of T, sensitivity and specificity were 66% and 88.6%, respectively, for CT and 76% and 92% for MR imaging. No statistically significant differences were found between the two imaging methods (p = 0.19). In the evaluation of N, sensitivity and specificity were 56% and 78%, respectively, for CT and 76% and 88% for MR imaging. A statistically significant difference was found between MR and CT accuracy rates (p = 0.934). CT and MR results were in disagreement especially in the evaluation of hilar lymph nodes. To date, MR imaging cannot be considered a substitute for or a routine adjunct to CT in the staging of bronchogenic carcinoma due to its poor spatial resolution, to the presence of artifacts (especially with high-intensity fields), its cost and limited availability. However, in the evaluation of specific anatomical regions--e.g., the pulmonary apex and the peridiaphragmatic region--MR can provide more diagnostic information than CT thanks to its multiplanarity and better contrast resolution.     

直肠癌术前CT扫描的价值

目的：评估直肠癌术前ＣＴ扫描的价值。材料与方法：１０４例直肠癌（Ｔ２期１１例、Ｔ３期９０例、Ｔ４期３例）的ＣＴ扫描与手术病理这缘改变、浸润周径、淋巴结大小对Ｔ、Ｎ分期的价值。结果：以肿瘤石头居齿状和结节改变作为Ｔ３的诊断指标,其准确率分别为９４．０％、９０．４％、８８．４％;Ｔ分期的准确率是８９．４％,Ｔ３的准确率是９４．０％。将肿瘤侵犯肠管周径〉１／２与≤１／２作为Ｔ３期的诊断指标,有显著统计学     

Comparison between 3-T magnetic resonance imaging and multi-detector row computed tomography for the preoperative evaluation of rectal cancer

OBJECTIVE: To compare prospectively between 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) for the local staging of rectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a recent 8-month period, both 3-T MRI with a phased array coil and MDCT scanner were used to preoperatively examine 31 consecutive patients. Preoperatively, the 3 experienced reviewers independently assessed the MRI and MDCT findings for the depth of tumor invasion into the rectal wall (T). Regional lymph node metastasis (N) was assessed by the 3 reviewers working in consensus. For T staging, we used a modified T staging ( 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For local staging of rectal cancer, 3-T MRI is more accurate than MDCT for determining the depth of tumor invasion and the extent of lymph node metastasis.     

Staging of non-small cell bronchial carcinoma using CT and MRT

The TNM Classification was rewritten by UICC in 1987. For non-small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma, stages T4 and N3 were redefined. Controversy exists in the literature regarding the clinical merits of CT and MRI examinations for staging. For the evaluation of very small tumors and lung parenchyma CT is superior to MRI. MRI, however, permits direct imaging of sagittal and coronal projections. This is favorable in the diagnosis of "superior sulcus tumors" and tumors with chest wall invasion. For the evaluation of T4 tumors and mediastinal lymph-node involvement, no additional contrast medium is necessary if MRI is used. Up to now, the main limitations for the application of MRI in thoracic imaging have been and still are the availability of the equipment, the costs, the necessary technical support, and the extensive study time.     

原发性肝神经内分泌癌的影像表现

目的 探讨原发性肝神经内分泌癌的CT和MRI表现,提高影像诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的6例肝原发性神经内分泌癌患者资料,术前4例行CT平扫及增强扫描,2例行MR平扫及增强扫描.结果6例中肿瘤呈多发1例,表现为1个大肿瘤伴周围多个小结节灶,其余5例均为单发.CT平扫除1例病灶周边可见点状钙化外,均表现为肝内低密度占位,病灶中央见较大范围的不规则更低密度区,边界清晰.肿瘤在MR T1WI表现为不均匀低信号,T2WI表现为略高信号.增强扫描实质部分表现为早期轻中度持续强化,但强化程度有所下降,也可表现为门静脉期和延迟期呈轻度强化,中心更低密度或信号区多无明显强化;周围肝内血管呈受压推移改变,腹腔及后腹膜均未见明显肿大的淋巴结.结论CT和MRI能显示原发性肝神经内分泌癌的特征,在该病的诊断和鉴别诊断中有一定价值.     

多排螺旋CT在胃癌术前TN分期中的应用价值

目的:利用多层螺旋CT(MDCT),前瞻性的对胃癌进行术前TN分期,并与术后病理结果对照,评估其分期的准确性及临床价值。方法:对经胃镜证实的48例胃癌患者,于术前进行MDCT三期动态增强扫描。分别利用CT轴位图像和轴位结合多层面重组(MPR)图像对胃癌进行TN分期,并将CT分期结果与术后病理结果相对照,分期的准确性比较采用McNemar检验,取P<0.05为检验标准。结果:轴位和轴位结合MPR对胃癌病灶的检出率分别为91.6%(44/48)、97.9%(47/48)。轴位和轴位结合MPR对所有患者胃癌胃壁浸润深度(T分期)评估的准确率的分别为72.9%(35/48)、89.5%(43/48),两者之间差异具有统计学意义(P=0.041)。轴位和轴位结合MPR对所有患者转移淋巴结(N分期)评估的准确率的分别为72.9%(35/48)、77.1%(37/48),两者之间差异没有统计学意义(P=0.113)。结论:MDCT能对胃癌术前TN分期做出较准确的评估。MPR能显著改善胃癌T分期的准确率,但不能明显提高N分期的准确率。     

3.0T MRI在直肠癌术前评估中的应用研究

目的 探讨3.0T MRI在直肠癌术前评估中的应用价值.方法 对41例经病理活检证实为直肠癌的患者进行常规MRI、高分辨MRI及扩散加权成像(DWI)扫描,测量肿瘤最下缘离肛缘的距离及累及环周百分比,评估肿瘤的TN分期、环周切缘(CRM)、系膜血管受侵(EMVI)的状态,与肠镜和手术结果比较.结果 MRI对判断肿瘤下缘距肛缘的距离具有很好的预测价值(P>0.05);T1~T2期、T3期肿瘤累及环周百分比的平均值分别是61%、83%(P>0.05);T、N分期诊断的总准确率分别为80.5%、75.6%,与病理诊断的一致性较好(Kappa值=0.564、0.634);CRM、EMVI诊断的总准确性分别是90.2%、73.2%,与病理诊断的一致性分别是较好、中度一致(Kappa值=0.765、0.461).     

Preoperative T and N staging of colorectal cancer: accuracy of contrast-enhanced multi-detector row CT colonography--initial experience

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of contrast material-enhanced multi-detector row computed tomographic (CT) colonography for preoperative staging of colorectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one patients with colorectal carcinoma underwent preoperative contrast-enhanced multi-detector row CT colonography. Images were obtained in the arterial (start delay of 35 seconds) and portal venous (start delay of 70 seconds) phases. The arterial phase was focused on the suspected region of neoplasm, whereas the venous phase included the whole abdomen and pelvis. Two radiologists independently evaluated the depth of tumor invasion into the colorectal wall (T) and regional lymph node involvement (N) on transverse CT images alone and in combination with multiplanar reformations (MPRs). Disagreements were resolved by means of consensus. CT findings were compared with pathologic results, which served as the reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were assessed. Differences in accuracy for T and N staging were assessed by using the McNemar test. RESULTS: In T staging, overall accuracy was 73% when transverse images were evaluated alone and 83% when they were evaluated in combination with MPRs. This difference was not significant. N staging was associated with an overall accuracy of 59% with transverse images alone and 80% with combined transverse and MPR images (P <.01). CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced multi-detector row CT colonography is an accurate technique for preoperative local staging of colorectal tumors.     

动态增强MRI在肺癌诊断中的应用

目的：探讨动态增强ＭＲＩ在肺癌诊断中的作用。材料和方法：前瞻性动态增强ＭＲＩ研究１２例原发支气管肺癌，６例良性肺内结节并与手术、病理对照；测量不同病变区（肿瘤、继发炎变、结核球、炎性假瘤和淋巴结）在静脉团注造影剂后不同时间的信号强度。结果：绝大多数肺癌在团注造影剂后明显强化，３～１０ｍｉｎ达到高峰，随后信号逐渐下降，而多数结核球主体无明显强化，动态曲线平坦。肺癌周围继发炎变增强程度高于瘤体，可将两者区分。炎性假瘤增强显著但边缘模糊，可见较长索条影。结论：动态增强ＭＲＩ能提供更多的信息，对肺癌的诊断、鉴别诊断和分期等均有帮助。