城市生活垃圾填埋场沉降分析与计算

城市生活垃圾填埋场无论在填埋过程中还是封顶后都会产生显著的沉降.填埋场的沉降一方面可以增加场区的垃圾消纳量,另一方面将对填埋场的维护和场地再利用产生不利影响.垃圾填埋体的沉降受垃圾土的自重压缩和有机质降解的综合影响.本文从分析填埋场沉降机理人手,提出填埋体的沉降由主沉降、次沉降和有机物分解沉降三部分组成,并给出了沉降估算公式;结合工程实例分析了填埋体的沉降过程,计算表明,一座设计容量为472万m3,设计填埋高度73m的填埋场的扩容率可达97%;封顶后的最终沉降约为填埋高度的10%.文中提出了实行分区填埋、分层压实和加速有机物分解等控制填埋场沉降的建议.     

固体废弃物填埋场堆体稳定性评价及加固措施研究

一、立项背景 目前我国各大、中型城市正在运营的440多个城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场,每年处理垃圾6865万吨,占垃圾清运总量的87.7％.随着城市生活垃圾产量的快速增长和垃圾填埋场的填埋量增加,垃圾堆体高度逐渐增加,填埋场内渗滤液水位随之增加,垃圾填埋场的堆体稳定问题逐渐凸现出来.按新标准建设的固体废弃物填埋场普遍采用水平衬垫系统,该系统界面间的抗剪强度较低,成为填埋场稳定的薄弱环节.另外,国内许多填埋场运营过程中同时填埋城市污水污泥,其强度极其软弱对垃圾堆体稳定性也造成了不利的影响.因此有必要研究能够反映出填埋场堆体失稳模式的稳定分析方法及参数取值,评价现状及后续填高垃圾堆体的稳定性,提出有效的加固措施和稳定控制标准.分析和评价污泥坑对垃圾堆体的安全稳定的影响,提出污泥坑固化处理技术要求,并提出垃圾堆体稳定安全监测方法.     

济南市第二生活垃圾填埋场止水帷幕施工

止水帷幕应用于垃圾填埋场,可阻止地下水进入填埋区,同时阻止填埋区垃圾渗沥液外漏到填埋区外,起到保护环境的作用。结合济南市第二生活垃圾厂止水帷幕施工实例,总结了高喷灌浆止水帷幕的施工过程控制及试验方法,探讨了双重管与三重管施工的优缺点。     

武汉市垃圾卫生填埋场沉降计算及意义

生活垃圾卫生填埋场的沉降是目前卫生填埋法所涉及的主要的岩土工程问题之一。深人开展生活垃城,卫生填埋场沉降特性的研究意义重大。选取武汉市的一处卫生填埋场,研究了填埋过程中和填埋场封顶后垃圾土的长期沉降变形,结果表明填埋沉降百分率高达100％左右。     

垃圾填埋场边坡稳定安全监测指标及警戒值

随着垃圾的产量和填埋量迅速增加,垃圾堆体的稳定问题日益突出,填埋场运行中安全监测显得十分重要。针对某大型垃圾填埋场失稳事件,对该填埋场堆体边坡开展了近2年的监测,获得了各种气象条件下渗滤液水位、地表水平位移、竖向位移、深层侧向变形等监测数据,特别是2008年6月强降雨期间垃圾堆体边坡局部失稳和2009年2月污泥坑周边堆体滑移过程中完整、全面的监测数据。基于监测数据,并结合实际降雨条件、填埋场运行状况,对填埋场失稳的内在因素进行详细的分析,得出渗滤液水位过高是导致堆体边坡失稳的主要内因,水平位移速率是填埋场边坡稳定状态最为敏感的指标。最后 根据监测数据 进行统计分析 ,提出垃圾填埋场稳定安全监测关键指标及警戒值, 为今后垃圾填埋场的现场监测工作提供重要依据 。     

武汉市岱山垃圾填埋场工程地质特征分析

为了提高武汉市水土资源的使用效率,提升城市生态文明水平,建设生态宜居和幸福文明城市,武汉市正在积极开展对原有简易垃圾填埋场的生态修复治理。因此查明原有垃圾填埋场的工程地质特征对生态修复设计、施工及管理有非常重要意义。本文旨在以武汉岱山垃圾填埋场为例,从研究区岩土类型及理化性质、水文地质特征、地震效应、渗沥液渗漏与污染运移特征、垃圾堆体量与渗沥液体量、场地稳定性与工程建设适宜性特征等方面分析生态修复过程中面临的工程地质问题,并提出相应的措施建议,为生态修复工程的实施提供参考。     

2010年“华夏建设科学技术奖”获奖项目(二等奖) 固体废弃物填埋场堆体稳定性评价及加固措施研究

一、立项背景目前我国各大、中型城市正在运营的440多个城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场,每年处理垃圾6865万吨,占垃圾清运总量的87.7%。随着城市生活垃圾产量的快速增长和垃圾填埋场的填埋量增加,垃圾堆体高度逐渐增加,填埋场内渗滤液水位随之增加,垃圾填埋场的堆体稳定问题逐渐凸现出来。按新标准建设的固体废弃物填埋场普遍采用水平衬垫系统,该系统界面间的抗剪     

垃圾填埋场地利用中的气体阻隔和承载力强化

以重庆某已封场非规范垃圾填埋场为例,分析了在该填埋场地上进行防渗和稳定化处理的工程措施效果。通过分析不同深度填埋垃圾中的生物可降解物质(BDM)含量及填埋气中的CH4含量,评判垃圾填埋场的稳定化程度,据此采用帷幕灌浆技术对该场地进行处理,以达到气体防渗和地基稳定性条件。结果表明:该填埋场表层13 m深度以内的垃圾体稳定化程度较低,而填埋深度超过13 m的垃圾体基本稳定。实施帷幕灌浆后,可切断垃圾填埋场与周边建筑工程间填埋气的横向通道,填埋气中的CH4含量1%,可满足《生活垃圾填埋场稳定化场地利用技术要求》(GB/T 25179—2010)中高度利用的要求;另外,地基承载力为240~320 kPa,可满足工程设计要求。由此说明,帷幕灌浆技术可以实现对已封场非规范垃圾填埋场地进行安全利用。     

南通市城市生活垃圾填埋场渗沥液提标改造工程工艺设计与分析

为提升南通市垃圾处理中心环境保护技术的先进性,充分发挥填埋场综合效益的需要,南通市城市生活垃圾填埋场于2011年开始实施渗滤液提标并零排放改造,使填埋过程中产生的渗沥液真正达到了无害化、资源化。北京天地人环保科技有限公司承接了此项提标改造工程,现在南通市城市生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液方面的处理已走在全国前列。     

设垃圾坝填埋场的三楔体滑动分析

 提出新建及扩建设垃圾坝填埋场的三楔体极限平衡分析法，给出安全系数的近似解，使得填埋场沿背部、底部及垃圾坝内坡处衬垫界面的三折线型滑动分析大为简化，发现其具有较好的工程适用性。该方法与精度较高的Spencer法所给出的计算结果吻合良好，且能考虑填埋体内摩擦角的影响。研究结果显示，衬垫界面的强度直接影响填埋体沿衬垫界面的稳定性，而填埋场各坡坡度、填埋场高度和宽度以及垃圾坝的高度对安全系数均有较大的影响。对扩建填埋场的分析结果表明，扩建填埋体沿新老场交界面的安全系数较低，在扩建填埋场的设计中应引起重视。另外，扩建填埋场的横向扩建宽度越大，则其界面安全稳定性越好。     

Flooding of municipal solid waste landfills — An environmental hazard?

Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills pose a long-lasting risk for humans and the environment. While landfill emissions under regular operating conditions are well investigated, landfill behaviour and associated emissions in case of flooding are widely unknown, although damages have been documented. This paper aims at developing a methodology for determining the proportion of MSW landfills endangered by flooding, and at evaluating the impact flooded landfills might have on the environment during a flood event.The risk of flooding of MSW landfills is assessed by using information about flood risk zones. Out of 1064 landfills investigated in Austria, 312 sites or about 30% are located in or next to areas flooded on average once in 200 years. Around 5% of these landfills are equipped with flood protection facilities. Material inventories of 147 landfill sites endangered by flooding are established, and potential emissions during a flood event are estimated by assuming the worst case of complete landfill leaching and erosion. The environmental relevance of emissions during flooding is discussed on the basis of a case study in the western part of Austria. Although environmental hazards need to be assessed on a site- and event-specific basis, the results indicate that flooded MSW landfills represent in general small environmental risks for the period of flooding. The longer term consequences of flooding are discussed in a next paper.     

气压和温度变化共同作用下垃圾填埋场边坡稳定性研究

城市生活垃圾填埋场在高渗沥液水位情况下发生边坡失稳滑坡的工程事故已多次发生,初步分析认为滑坡由渗沥液水位、垃圾降解产气和温度升高等因素共同引起。目前尚未见考虑渗沥液水位、气压和温度共同影响填埋场边坡稳定性研究的报道。通过简化垃圾填埋场气压和温度分布的计算,利用瑞典条分法进行考虑渗沥液水位、气压和温度共同影响的填埋场边坡稳定性分析。计算结果表明:考虑气压和温度的影响使得填埋场边坡稳定安全系数降低24.7%～43.0%;建议在同时考虑渗沥液水位、气压和温度的影响进行填埋场边坡稳定分析时,控制最小安全系数大于1.0可保证填埋场安全运行。本研究可为垃圾填埋场的设计、施工和运行管理提供理论支撑。     

Cost–benefit analysis of landfill system with gas recovery for municipal solid waste management: a case study

The advantages and disadvantages of alternatives for urban solid waste management are discussed. Landfill is considered to be a suitable and simple technology for tropical countries such as India. The recovery and reuse of landfill gas generated in MSW landfills is economically viable in most situations. A case study of cost–benefit analysis of landfill system with gas recovery option has been carried out for Port Blair City, Andaman Islands, India. A saving of about Rs 0.09 billion per annum with reference to existing system of MSW disposal is evaluated.     

Afteruse development of former landfll sites in Hong Kong

Landfll is one of the major methods in disposing of municipal solid waste(MSW) in Hong Kong. There are now 13 closed landfll sites in Hong Kong, and a restoration program has been launched since 1999 to transform the closed landfll sites back into recreational area. The MSW underneath these closed landfll sites will biodegrade slowly and gradually, releasing toxic gases and leachate. As there have only been a few afteruse development ever completed in Hong Kong, this paper describes the consideration in planning and design of two former landfll sites in Hong Kong–Ngau Chi Wan(NCW) and Jordan Valley(JV) landflls, in particular a discussion on the MSW settlement. Various models in predicting the longterm MSW settlement have been available. This paper reviews the applicability of these models to predict MSW settlement. However, as the predicted settlements can be signifcantly in error, they need sitespecifc calibration and validation. This paper therefore presents the settlement monitoring data in these former landfll sites over the last 30 years, and suggests modifying the Bjarngard and Edgers’ method for estimating this long-term settlement as well as the effect of additional surcharge due to afteruse development. Based on the regression of these data, compression indices Cce and C at different stages of the settlement in the modifed method have been calibrated and validated.     

岩土工程技术在现代卫生填埋场设计中的应用

卫生填埋将成为我国城市垃圾处理的发展方向，结合现行国家规范，针对目前卫生填埋场的研究及设计中存在的主要问题与不足进行讨论，并探讨岩土工程在现代卫生填埋场设计中的应用问题。     

城市垃圾填埋场土工参数的基本特点

分析了生活垃圾土的来源及各成份的组成比例关系,根据某生活垃圾卫生填埋场垃圾土样的室内土工测试结果,研究了各土工参数的分布规律及特点．     

Engineering properties for high kitchen waste content municipal solid waste

Engineering properties of municipal solid waste(MSW) depend largely on the waste's initial composition and degree of degradation.MSWs in developing countries usually have a high kitchen waste content(called HKWC MSW).After comparing and analyzing the laboratory and field test results of physical composition,hydraulic properties,gas generation and gas permeability,and mechanical properties for HKWC MSW and low kitchen waste content MSW(called LKWC MSW),the following findings were obtained:(1) HKWC MSW has a higher initial water content(IWC) than LKWC MSW,but the field capacities of decomposed HKWC and LKWC MSWs are similar;(2) the hydraulic conductivity and gas permeability for HKWC MSW are both an order of magnitude smaller than those for LKWC MSW;(3)compared with LKWC MSW,HKWC MSW has a higher landfill gas(LFG) generation rate but a shorter duration and a lower potential capacity;(4) the primary compression feature for decomposed HKWC MSW is similar to that of decomposed LKWC MSW,but the compression induced by degradation of HKWC MSW is greater than that of LKWC MSW;and(5) the shear strength of HKWC MSW changes significantly with time and strain.Based on the differences of engineering properties between these two kinds of MSWs,the geo-environmental issues in HKWC MSW landfills were analyzed,including high leachate production,high leachate mounds,low LFG collection efficiency,large settlement and slope stability problem,and corresponding advice for the management and design of HKWC MSW landfills was recommended.     

考虑垃圾体沉降的生物反应器填埋场 渗滤液回灌运移规律

生物反应器填埋场在渗滤液的回灌过程中,垃圾体会产生较大的沉降变形,这主要是由于填埋体的自重和生物降解所致。由于沉降变形会导致生物反应器填埋场中垃圾体的孔隙比减小,孔隙比的减小会影响垃圾体的渗透系数和填埋场所能容纳的渗滤液量。为了研究考虑垃圾体沉降的生物反应器填埋场渗滤液回灌运移规律,根据质量守恒原理,以修正的Darcy定理为基础,结合Elagroudy等人提出的沉降模型,建立了考虑垃圾体沉降的生物反应器填埋场渗滤液回灌的计算模型,应用该模型研究了非饱和条件下渗滤液在生物反应器填埋场中的运移规律,分析了回灌强度、垃圾体初始孔隙比、初始含水率和组成成份等参数变化对垃圾体含水率和填埋场单位表面积回灌量的影响规律。     

城市垃圾焚烧底灰的综合利用

随着中国城市化的进程日益加快,城市生活垃圾的产生量日益增加,对人们的生活质量的提高和社会的可持续发展产生了阻碍。焚烧处理技术的应用可大大降低生活垃圾的存量,但由此产生了大量的焚烧灰渣。该文对垃圾焚烧灰渣的基本特性和资源化利用的研究现状进行了综合评述,提出比较适合我国经济条件与环境要求的灰渣管理与利用策略是在建筑工程和填埋工程中进行资源化利用。     

分层填埋垃圾体中气体一维稳态运移规律

针对垃圾填埋场分层填埋特点,提出了填埋垃圾产气率和导气系数分层计算方法,建立了分层填埋垃圾体中气体一维稳态运移分析模型,分析了垃圾的产气率、导气系数和封顶覆盖层的气密性对气压力大小及分布的影响,并探讨了垃圾填埋龄期对气压力分布的影响规律。分析结果表明:对于均质垃圾体,产气率与导气系数的比值越大,则填埋气压力越大;对于含封顶覆盖层的垃圾体,产气率主要控制气压力大小,导气系数控制气压力沿填埋深度分布梯度。封顶覆盖层厚度的增加或其导气系数的降低将使填埋气释放量减少,则气压力整体提高。垃圾填埋龄期越大,则垃圾体中气压力越小。