融合SIFT特征的压缩跟踪算法

本文提出一种新的融合SIFT(尺度不变特征)和压缩特征的目标跟踪算法以解决姿态变换、光照变化、旋转和运动模糊下目标的稳定准确跟踪问题。算法使用压缩特征对目标和背景进行描述,通过在图像帧中采集到的正负样本在线训练和学习SVM(支持向量机)分类器,将跟踪任务构建为一个二类分类问题。使用该分类器对下一帧的目标和背景进行分类,从而获得精确的目标位置和区域。同时,算法使用前后两帧的SIFT特征点之间的对应匹配关系求解目标尺寸变化值,实现模板大小的自适应调整。将算法与其他算法在某些图像序列上的跟踪比较显示,该算法在有效性、正确性和鲁棒性上性能优越。     

基于小波多尺度积与形态学的瑕疵检测算法

针对布匹瑕疵种类多以及单个方法仅对特定类瑕疵有效的问题,提出一种新的基于小波多尺度积和数学形态学的布匹瑕疵检测算法.首先对输入图像进行二进小波变换后,低频近似子图经过数学形态学运算,得到良好的瑕疵形状特征,然后对高频子图使用小波多尺度积方法,可以抑制噪声的同时增强瑕疵的边缘线性特征,最后融合得到最终的检测结果.实验结果...     

基于可变形密集卷积神经网络的布匹瑕疵检测

针对传统布匹瑕疵检测方法无法适用于尺度变化大、面积占比小的瑕疵特征,提出一种基于可变形密集卷积神经网络模型。为了关注到图像中距离较远的特征信息,并避免捕获纹理信息,采用可变形卷积来增强特征的语义表达能力。通过在卷积层中设置卷积像素相对于中心像素各自的x,y方向偏移量,并利用反向传播训练偏移量以增加感受野的变形适应性。同时,采用密集连接的方式以保持模型不遗漏边缘瑕疵信息。最后,根据瑕疵类别预测和位置边框回归实现瑕疵的分类和定位检测。实验结果表明:该模型的平均检测精度和单类目标检测精度标准差分别为93.53%,2.5139,相比于其他方法更具有竞争力。     

基于深度神经网络的素色布匹瑕疵检测算法研究

目的为了改进当前布匹检测算法覆盖瑕疵种类不全、瑕疵检测准确率低和定位精度差的问题,提出一种端到端的素色布匹瑕疵检测的实用算法。方法首先通过图像增强扩充样本数量,使用以Resnet50为主干的Cascade-RCNN网络,通过加入可变形卷积、特征融合网络,增加锚框数目的方法实现素色布匹瑕疵检测。结果通过实验对比表明,该算法可实现检测20种布匹瑕疵,检测是否为瑕疵布匹的准确率为97%,瑕疵定位的平均检测精度为65%,每张样本平均时间为80 ms。结论该算法有效提升了布匹瑕疵检测的准确率和精度,检测瑕疵类别更全面,并且可以获取缺陷位置和类别,能够满足工业上的生产需求。     

基于LSSVM的磁瓦表面瑕疵偏向性分类

针对磁瓦表面缺陷检测方法分类准确率低的问题,提出一种基于LSSVM技术的瑕疵偏向性分类方法。构造5个尺度8个方向Gabor滤波器组,提取经过Gabor变换后生成的40副子图的均值与方差为磁瓦图像特征。采用耦合模拟退火算法初步寻优,在所得初步参数的邻域使用网格算法进行精细搜索。为实现对缺陷磁瓦的偏向性预测分类,改进了虚拟少数类过采样算法。去除原始训练样本中的噪声样本数据,再在瑕疵边界样本与合格样本之间过采样。实验结果表明,最小二乘支持向量机分类器模型训练时参数寻优时间明显缩短,整体分类正确率达到95.56%,偏向性分类正确率达到99.09%,实现对缺陷磁瓦的偏向性分类。     

基于太赫兹成像的输送带撕裂检测与分类识别研究

针对现有输送带撕裂检测方法存在灵敏度和安全性能低,且无法消除复杂工作环境带来的影响等问题,提出了一种基于太赫兹成像技术的输送带撕裂检测方法。设计并搭建了连续波太赫兹反射式成像系统,采集输送带撕裂的太赫兹图像;对原始图像进行滤波等处理获得低噪声太赫兹图像;最后搭建了基于机器学习太赫兹图像自动分类识别系统,该系统通过提取太赫兹图像的灰度直方图统计特征和几何特征,构建太赫兹图像特征库,并利用特征选择去除特征冗余,最终结合分类器实现对输送带撕裂种类的自动分类与识别。结果表明：通过太赫兹反射式成像系统对输送带进行成像实验,验证了太赫兹波成像技术检测输送带撕裂的可行性;太赫兹图像自动分类识别系统实现了对输送带3种撕裂种类的自动分类与识别,在组合特征下,使用支持向量机（Support Vector Machine, SVM）的分类准确率可达91.6%。     

基于SVM的高通量dPCR基因芯片荧光图像分类研究

目的 为了实现高通量dPCR基因芯片荧光图像的亮点分类与计数,提出一种基于支持向量机（SVM）的荧光图像分类与计数方法。方法 首先对荧光图像进行去噪、对比度增强等图像预处理,对预处理后荧光图像进行亮点区域提取标注,去除背景与暗点的冗余信息,利用方向梯度直方图（Histogram of Oriented Gradient, HOG）提取鉴别特征,计算合并所有样本的亮点特征得到HOG特征向量,根据已得到的HOG特征向量创建一个线性SVM分类器,利用训练好的SVM分类器对荧光图像亮点进行分类与计数。结果 对比传统算法,文中算法具有较高的分类识别精度,平均准确率高达98%以上,可以很好地实现荧光图像亮点分类与计数。结论 在有限的小样本标注数据下,文中算法具有良好的分类性能,能够有效识别荧光图像中的亮点,对其他荧光图像分类研究也具有一定参考价值。     

基于集成分类器的泡罩包装药品缺陷识别

目的 针对药品生产包装过程中常出现缺陷泡罩包装药品的问题,研究一种基于多特征构建与集成分类器的泡罩包装药品缺陷识别方法.方法 该方法通过集成2个不同的分类器算法分别对药品图像类别进行预测,并采用联合判定函数对2个预测输出值进行联合决策,得到最终分类结果.第1个分类器模型通过将图像转化到HSV颜色空间,分割出泡罩区域和药片区域,进行特征设计,并在提取多项特征参数后构建BP神经网络分类算法给定药品类别预测.第2个分类器模型应用多层卷积神经网络取代传统算法对图像特征进行提取,并输出药品图像类别的预测值.根据2个分类器的性能进行算法集成,构成最终集成分类器.结果 实验结果表明,该集成分类模型对数据集中泡罩包装药品图像进行分类识别测试,准确率达97％以上.结论 集成分类模型不仅提高了单一分类器的识别准确率,也具有更佳的稳定性.该方法取得了卓越的分类效果,具有较高应用性.     

基于正反图案的亚像素条纹边缘检测方法

为了精确确定格雷码条纹边缘,提出了一种基于正反格雷码图案的直线拟合的条纹边缘定位方法．该方法向测量空间投射条纹宽度相等的正、反色格雷码图案,用摄像机拍摄得到经编码图案调制的强度图像,提取两幅强度图像的条纹边缘区域并对其进行直线拟合,求取两条拟合直线的交点,并将其作为边缘点．采用行扫描的方法求取图像中每一行的边缘点,即可得到图像的条纹边缘．文中具体介绍了测量系统组成、测量及定位原理,分析了具体实现过程．实验结果表明,该方法的相对定位误差小于1％．     

基于图像分析的路面裂缝检测和分类

将二维路面图像映射到三维曲面,裂缝经映射后对应于三维曲面中的"山谷",采用基于微分几何的空间检测算子提取三维曲面中的"山谷",反映射到二维图像平面作为裂缝目标.对裂缝目标进行路径增长以获取裂缝长度信息,并以此作为判断真伪裂缝的依据,由此可消除绝大部分伪裂缝.根据不同类型裂缝的几何形态,抽取裂缝模式特征,设计基于BP神经网络的模式分类器实现对裂缝的精确分类.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.