利用触发器提升医院疫情上报效率

疫情信息的及时、准确反馈是保障传染病有效预防和控制的前提。只有将突发应急体系和现有医疗信息网络进行融合,完善医院内部信息系统才能更好的提高应对突发卫生事件的能力。该文主要阐述了在医院信息系统中使用触发器提高疫情上报效率的方法和体会。     

SOA架构在辽河流域报表管理系统的研究与实践

报表服务是辽河流域水环境相关管理系统中核心业务需求之一.随着水环境治理范围扩大,报表服务需求多样化,现有分散式报表管理方式已不能满足用户实际需求.对此,从异构系统中报表实际业务需求出发,结合SOA架构模型松散耦合与可重用性等特点,提出了一种基于SOA架构的报表管理系统.解决了多系统之间重复开发与数据共享等问题.本文通过对报表业务核心功能及流程的提炼,建立了相应的服务模型,根据对不同服务的组合和调用,实现了支持多系统并发访问的报表管理系统.     

多级VPN技术在疫情直报网络中的应用

随着传染病网络直报的不断发展和关键业务不断增加,对传染病网络直报系统的安全性、可靠性、实时性提出了新的严峻挑战。本文分析了构建武汉市疾控系统VPN网络的背景及整体构架,阐述如何利用IPSEC VPN和SSL VPN技术构建国家、省、市、区疾控系统VPN网络的方法,真正实现资源共享和"一网多用"。     

公共卫生地理信息的应用与展望

传染病防治已不再是单一国家的问题,全球任何一地的疫情也随时可能在下一刻影响到自己国家,因此完善的疾病监测体系成为最重要的防疫武器,而地理信息系统在其中扮演了关键的角色。经由疾病病例的时空分布可视化,即能快速辅助防疫策略的规划、施行与评估,达成决策支持的目标,另外整合空间统计方法的运用,可系统化与科学化地从大量历史资料中侦测出异常事件,以便公共卫生人员进行研判与调查。由于互联网、移动设备、社交媒体的大量普及使用而建立起了新兴社交网络,开启了由下而上的民众监测体系,跳脱了传统式官方自上而下的权威式公共卫生治理,不仅强化民众参与,更能从社区角度提早至病患就医前就能掌握疫情走向,提升社区侦测效果,再辅以空间资讯对风险区提早做适当的介入。因此地理信息系统除了传统回溯性的疾病聚集研究外,也能有前瞻性防杜下一波流行的功效。     

CoC: A Unified Distributed Ledger Based Supply Chain Management System

Modern supply chain is a complex system and plays an important role for different sectors under the globalization economic integration background. Supply chain management system is proposed to handle the increasing complexity and improve the efficiency of flows of goods. It is also useful to prevent potential frauds and guarantee trade compliance. Currently, most companies maintain their own IT systems for supply chain management. However, it is hard for these isolated systems to work together and provide a global view of the status of the highly distributed supply chain system. Using emerging decentralized ledger/blockchain technology, which is a special type of distributed system in essence, to build supply chain management system is a promising direction to go. Decentralized ledger usually suffers from low performance and lack of capability to protect information stored on the ledger. To overcome these challenges, we propose CoC (supply chain on blockchain), a novel supply chain management system based on a hybrid decentralized ledger with a novel two-step block construction mechanism. We also design an efficient storage scheme and information protection method that satisfy requirements of supply chain management. These techniques can also be applied to other decentralized ledger based applications with requirements similar to supply chain management.     

Dynamics of Infectious Diseases with Media Coverage and Two Time Delay

An epidemic model is formulated and analysed on the prevalence of infectious diseases using awareness campaign driven by media with the aim to investigate the effect of awareness and delay on disease outbreak. Two time-delay factors are considered, one is for the time lag in reporting number of infected individuals and another is for the delay between the awareness campaign and the time of taking measures by susceptible individual. The system exhibits two equilibria: the disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium. The disease-free equilibrium is stable for any delay when the basic reproduction number is less than unity. The endemic equilibrium exhibits Hopf-bifurcation for both the delays. Numerical simulations prove the results of analytical outcomes and the significance of awareness and delay in controlling infectious diseases.     

信息整合在汽车行业中的应用

供应链整合是企业控制并协调整个供应链系统,优化资源在每个环节的配置,以低成本创造高价值。介绍供应链整合的概念、内容,以信息整合为重点,分析汽车行业基于业务流程的信息整合以及基于本体的信息系统异构知识集成。     

基于碳排放限额和低碳销售努力的博弈模型分析及控制

以双渠道供应链为研究对象,在考虑碳排放限额和低碳销售努力的基础上,分别构建单周期静态博弈模型和多周期动态博弈模型,研究最优决策和系统稳定性问题.在静态模型中,给出集中决策和分散决策下的最优策略解析式;在动态模型中,探究博弈系统的局部渐近稳定性条件,讨论时滞等参数对系统稳定性的影响,并对失稳系统进行有效控制. 研究表明:提高碳排放限额能够增加供应链系统利润;随着低碳销售努力的增加,供应链系统利润和制造商利润均呈下降趋势;不合理的延迟策略将导致系统失去稳定.     

Design and prototype of a mechanism for active on-line emerging/notifiable infectious diseases control, tracking and surveillance, based on a national healthcare card system

Timeliness is a critical issue in preventing the spread of emerging/notifiable infectious diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or avian influenza (bird flu). Current computerized surveillance systems in many countries have demonstrated their usefulness in detecting specified communicable-diseases. However, the off-line, daily or weekly data reporting mode induces a time lag in data collection, transmission, processing, and responses. This paper proposes an on-line real-time mechanism, named EDICTS, for emerging/notifiable infectious diseases control, tracking and surveillance. It is based on the on-line health IC card system and works at the registration process of primary care practices and emergency departments. Hence, should a disease defined by CDC (Center for disease control) be detected at the registration station, EDICTS responds in real time. Note that EDICTS is a mechanism; it is CDC that determines the policy and activates it. A prototype is designed and implemented on a simulated environment of the Taiwan's national health insurance IC card system. The proposed policy and rules are defined according to the CDC regulations. Timely, sensitive and cost-effective, EDICTS complements the existing successive level of CDC reporting system as a fast-response control channel.     

Two level supply chain coordination with delay in payments for fixed lifetime products

In this paper, a single-vendor, single-buyer supply chain system for fixed lifetime products is considered in the settings of both decentralized and centralized models. In the decentralized model, the vendor is the decision-maker of the supply chain. In particular, we study the coordination between the vendor and the buyer that allows the buyer to delay his payment in compensation for altering his order size. This policy has been studied in the literature for the products with unlimited lifetime. In this paper, we focus on the products with fixed and limited lifetime which is common in practice. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed delay in payments policy, a centralized decision-making problem is modeled, where there is a common decision-maker for both the vendor and the buyer. We derive analytically tractable solutions to the proposed models. Furthermore, we prove that the decentralized model can achieve the same minimal cost as the centralized model when the vendor and the buyer’s costs of capital are equal. A detailed numerical example is presented to illustrate the benefit of the proposed delay in payments policy.     

Service cooperation and marketing strategies of infomediary and online retailer with eWOM effect

In contemporary electronic commerce, an infomediary displays electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) information of customers and links shoppers to retail websites, thus acting as an intermediary between buyers and sellers. This paper studies an online supply chain system in which the infomediary presents demand-referral services to online retailers based on eWOM of customer information. It is assumed that online demand is affected by retailer price, referral service effort, and eWOM. The demand function is extended and developed based on Bass’s model. A Stackelberg game model of service cooperation is presented, and then the optimal decisions on retailers’ prices and infomediary service efforts in the decentralized supply chain are analyzed. Moreover, the profits and cumulative sales in supply chain equilibrium are analyzed under several parameters. A computational experiment is implemented to verify the validity and effectiveness of the model. The results show that price sensitivity has a significant negative effect on cumulative retailer sales and the profits of retailers and infomediary, but the effect of service sensitivity and sales periods on profits is absolutely positive. Specifically, eWOM has two different impacts on the profit of the retailer and infomediary respectively. Finally, conclusions and management implications for supply chain parties are presented, along with some possible directions for further research.     

信息非对称下考虑制造商回收行为的闭环供应链协调

研究信息非对称下考虑制造商回收行为的闭环供应链协调问题,其中回收率随时间动态变化,制造商的再造品成本为私有信息.通过构建分散决策模型,得到制造商与零售商的最优均衡解,并引入批发价格契约以促使制造商传递真实的成本信息.运用伊藤过程刻画回收率的随机演化过程,通过数值仿真分析信息隐匿度和回收率等参数对供应链的影响.研究表明:回收率在较短时间内能够达到稳定值,并受不确定因素影响在稳定值上下波动.外部激励比外部约束措施更能提升回收率.信息隐匿会降低制造商的回收率和公开利润以及零售商利润,批发价格契约的引入可有效提高供应链成员利润,减小分散决策和信息非对称带来的损失,使供应链实现帕累托改进.     

再制造率随机的闭环供应链产品差别定价策略

考虑闭环供应链的差别定价问题, 制造商回收废旧产品, 并生产新产品和再制造产品, 再制造率随机. 采用Stackelberg 博弈方法, 研究集中决策和分散决策下相应产品的最优定价, 给出供应链各成员的最优利润. 结果表明:若制造商对产品延迟定价, 则集中决策下回收价格高于分散决策, 而销售价格均低于分散决策; 当零售商的保守利润不低于一定值时, 集中决策下总利润不低于分散决策, 制造商可以采用改进的两部定价契约协调供应链.

     

Supply chain modeling in uncertain environment with bi-objective approach

Supply chain is viewed as a large-scale system that consists of production and inventory units, organized in a serial structure. Uncertainty is the main attribute in managing the supply chains. Managing a supply chain (SC) is very difficult, since various sources of uncertainty and complex interrelationships among various entities exist in the SC. Uncertainty may result from customer’s demand variability or unreliability in external suppliers. In this paper we develop an inventory model for an assembly supply chain network (each unit has at most one immediate successor, but any number of immediate predecessors) which fuzzy demand for single product in one hand and fuzzy reliability of external suppliers in other hand affect on determination of inventory policy in SCM. External supplier’s reliability has determined using a fuzzy expert system. Also the performance of supply chain is assessed by two criteria including total cost and fill rate. To solve this bi-criteria model, hybridization of multi-objective particle swarm optimization and simulation optimization is considered. Results indicate the efficiency of proposed approach in performance measurement.     

Multidisciplinary approach to defining public e-procurement and evaluating its impact on procurement efficiency

Utilising the methodology of content analysis, this study uses a multidisciplinary approach to define public e-procurement. Various aspects of e-procurement have been discussed from information systems, supply chain management, electronic commerce/electronic government, and public procurement to come up with an integrated definition of public e-procurement. Following this, e-procurement assimilation has been defined and its impact on procurement efficiency has been evaluated. Following the confirmatory factor analysis in structural equation modelling, dimensional level analysis in ANOVA has been undertaken for the three forms of e-procurement technologies namely e-tendering, e-catalogue management systems, and e-marketplace. The results show the positive and significant impact of the assimilation process on procurement efficiency.     

区块链资产窃取攻击与防御技术综述

自中本聪提出比特币以来,区块链技术得到了跨越式发展,特别是在数字资产转移及电子货币支付方面。以太坊引入智能合约代码,使其具备了同步及保存智能合约程序执行状态,自动执行交易条件并消除对中介机构需求,Web3.0 开发者可利用以太坊提供的通用可编程区块链平台构建更加强大的去中心化应用。公链系统具备的特点,如无须中央节点控制、通过智能合约保障交互数据公开透明、用户数据由用户个人控制等,使得它在区块链技术发展的过程中吸引了更多的用户关注。然而,随着区块链技术的普及和应用,越来越多的用户将自己的数字资产存储在区块链上。由于缺少权威机构的监管及治理,以太坊等公链系统正逐步成为黑客窃取数字资产的媒介。黑客利用区块链实施诈骗及钓鱼攻击,盗取用户所持有的数字资产来获取利益。帮助读者建立区块链资产安全的概念,从源头防范利用区块链实施的资产窃取攻击。通过整理总结黑客利用区块链环境实施的资产窃取攻击方案,抽象并归纳威胁模型的研究方法,有效研究了各类攻击的特征及实施场景。通过深入分析典型攻击方法,比较不同攻击的优缺点,回答了攻击能够成功实施的根本原因。在防御技术方面,针对性结合攻击案例及攻击实施场景介绍了钓鱼检测、代币授权检测、代币锁定、去中心化代币所属权仲裁、智能合约漏洞检测、资产隔离、供应链攻击检测、签名数据合法性检测等防御方案。对于每一类防御方案,给出其实施的基本流程及方案,明确了各防护方案能够在哪类攻击场景下为用户资产安全提供防护。     

基于区块链技术的粮食产品溯源系统模型研究

文章提出了一种去中心化的粮食产品溯源系统模型,该系统模型的建设主要分为两部分:一是使用Java语言设计溯源系统模型前端;二是采用区块链技术,建设粮食产品信息数据共享后台。其中,利用区块链技术的不可伪造、全程留痕、可以追溯、公开透明和集体维护等特点,把粮食产品信息数据建成一个共享的、不可更改的“电子账本”;利用Java语言具有面向对象、可移植性好、安全性高的特点,设计溯源系统模型的前端,包括消费者、监管者、粮食产品供应链各方、系统管理员四大溯源功能模块。     

International logistics taxation data monitoring based on 5G network and cloud computing platform

The most easily accepted or international logistics management.There are specialized personnel to be responsible for the taxation of the personnel in the supply chain, part of them are responsible for the international logistics management, and the other part are specialized associations to coordinate the sources of the global supply chain.Logistics management is also a very important part of the supply chain management, responsible for the control of the transmission of goods information, to ensure that they can get the correct circulation, to meet the needs of customers.With the development of science and technology, tax bureaus in various countries use various data analysis tools to analyze data, and use electronic means to audit. It has more accurate statistics on turnover and tax, and can better meet the needs of customers and make timely response.The development of 5 g network has greatly reduced the time of information processing, and the speed of international logistics has also been improved.Combined with cloud computing technology, it can improve the performance of international logistics and reduce the occurrence of accidents, which mainly include transportation location error and transportation time delay.     

A multi-echelon production–inventory system with supply disruption

The article investigates an integrated multi-layer supply chain model consisting of supplier, manufacturer and retailer while supply disruption, machine breakdown, safety stock, maintenance breakdown occur simultaneously. At beginning of the production, manufacturer keeps some raw materials in stock received from second supplier at high price, as safety stock due to supply disruption of first supplier. Corrective maintenance is done immediately to restore its normal stage when machine breakdown occurs. Stock out situations at manufacturer and retailer are considered due to disruption of production for machine breakdown. The integrated expected costs of the chain in centralized (collaborating) and decentralized (Stakelberg approach) system are compared. A numerical example and its sensitivity analysis are provided to test feasibility of the model.     

考虑偏好与合作的供应链网络设计与优化

提出了考虑核心企业决策偏好与成员企业合作意愿的双目标供应链网络设计与优化问题。应用模糊多目标规划方法,将决策者对各个目标的不精确期望水平考虑到供应链网络的设计与优化模型中。研究了集中决策模式下核心决策者的不同目标偏好与分散决策模式下各组织成员群体决策的合作意愿,对供应链的各个目标及网络优化配置的影响。结果表明,“极大极小”算子体现了核心决策者对各个目标的偏好,但大权重目标以牺牲小权重目标的值为代价的。新的“模糊与”补偿算子能使供应链的各个目标值获得理想的均衡效果,体现了供应网络中核心企业与其他成员企业群体协商决策的管理思想与行为特征。