碳纳米管复合镀层在不同摩擦组合下的摩擦学行为

对CVD法制备的碳纳米管进行了表面改性和修饰,然后通过化学共沉积方法制备了高硬度的碳纳米管复合镀层,并研究了碳纳米管复合镀层在不同摩擦组合下的摩擦学行为.结果表明:经过改性处理后的碳纳米管表面拥有丰富的表面官能团,这使大量的碳纳米管复合于镀层中,从而导致了镍磷复合镀层的硬度显著提高,达到946 HV.摩擦实验得出,在润滑状态下以钢环为摩擦副,碳纳米管增强的镍磷复合镀层比传统耐磨材料SiC增强的镍磷复合镀层具有更低的摩擦系数和磨损率.此外,不同摩擦组合下的摩擦结果表明,SiC复合镀层相互摩擦时尽管拥有较低的磨损率,但其摩擦系数仍然较高,而碳纳米管复合镀层相互摩擦时表现出最低的摩擦系数和磨损率,其摩擦系数和磨损率分别为0.108 7和1.49×10-3 g/m.     

电化学沉积镍基MoS_2复合镀层及其宽温域摩擦性能

为了降低纯镍镀层的摩擦因数,研究镍基MoS_2复合镀层适用温度范围,进一步提高金属机件在极端摩擦条件下的服役寿命。采用电化学沉积法在45钢基体表面制备不同MoS_2浓度的镍基固体润滑复合镀层。用复合电镀循环伏安曲线法研究复合镀层的电化学沉积规律,采用XRD、SEM对复合镀层的组织结构及摩擦形貌进行分析探讨,对比分析不同含量MoS_2复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能及机制。结果表明:MoS_2的加入促进了阴极极化,提高了镀层的结晶细致程度;同时能显著降低镀层摩擦因数,在MoS_2浓度为30 g/L的溶液中沉积的复合镀层在室温下的摩擦因数最低为0.02~0.03;在400℃以下摩擦环境中,复合镀层摩擦因数保持在0.02~0.05之间,具有很好的润滑性能;温度超过400℃时,MoS_2将逐渐被氧化为Mo O3,摩擦因数接近0.15,失去润滑效果。     

电刷镀WC_p/Ni复合镀层组织与磨损特性

采用电刷镀技术制备了含有微米WC/Ni复合镀层,分析了该复合镀层的微观组织,测试了该镀层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能,研究了微米颗粒沉积量对镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,随着镀液中WC颗粒含量的增加,复合镀层的组织趋于细化,WC/Ni复合镀层较快镍镀层具有更高的显微硬度和良好的耐磨性,含量在30 g/L时达到最大。     

摩擦喷射复合电沉积MoS2/Ni镀层结构与性能研究

利用摩擦喷射复合电沉积工艺在钢基材料上制备MoS2/Ni减摩复合镀层,观测分析了镀层形貌结构,并对其性能进行测试.研究表明,MoS2加入到镍镀层后,能显著改善镀层摩擦学性能,相同测试条件下,摩擦因数为同工艺纯镍镀层的1/4,磨损失重也仅为纯镍镀层的13 %.复合镀层磨损形式为磨粒磨损,除了有个别较浅、较窄磨痕之外,磨损表面较为光滑,没有出现粘着现象.     

电刷镀WCp/Ni复合镀层组织与磨损特性

采用电刷镀技术制备了含有微米WC/Ni复合镀层,分析了该复合镀层的微观组织,测试了该镀层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能,研究了微米颗粒沉积量对镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明,随着镀液中WC颗粒含量的增加,复合镀层的组织趋于细化,WC/Ni复合镀层较快镍镀层具有更高的显微硬度和良好的耐磨性,含量在30 g/L时达到最大.     

纳米WC/PTFE镍基复合电刷镀层的摩擦磨损与耐腐蚀性能

针对单一纳米颗粒电刷镀镀层综合性能存在的不足,利用电刷镀技术在45钢基材上制备含纳米WC和PTFE的镍基复合镀层。采用扫描电子显微镜观察电刷镀复合镀层的表面形貌和显微结构,球盘式摩擦磨损试验机测试其干摩擦条件下摩擦磨损性能,在pH=4浓度为0.05mmol/L的硫酸溶液中进行耐腐蚀性试验。结果表明:在镀液中添加不同含量纳米粒子,可以不同程度填补粒子之间的空缺,使镀层表面平整、光滑;含纳米WC和PTFE镍基复合镀层的耐磨损和耐腐蚀性能强于纯镍基镀层和45钢基体,这是由于纳米粒子细晶强化和弥散强化所致;当含1.5g/L纳米WC与7g/L纳米PTFE乳液的复合镀层耐磨损性能最佳;含1g/L纳米WC与5g/L纳米PTFE复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能较纯镍基复合镀层提高一倍;45钢的磨损机制是粘着磨损,纯镍基镀层的磨损机制是剥层磨损,纳米WC/PTFE镍基复合镀层的磨损机制是磨粒磨损。     

电沉积镍-碳钠米管复合镀层的工艺研究

利用电沉积方法制备了镍-碳纳米管复合镀层.分析了镀液中碳纳米管的悬浮量、镀液温度、pH值、阴极电流密度及搅拌速度对镀层中碳纳米管含量的影响.扫描电镜结果表明,碳纳米管能均匀地嵌镶于基体中,并且端头露出,覆盖于基体表面.     

碳纳米管/镍基复合镀层的腐蚀行为

采用复合沉积方法在普通碳钢基底上沉积碳纳米管／镍基复合镀层。用腐蚀实验、电化学方法研究了复合镀层在3．5％NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能，并讨论了其耐腐蚀机理，对普通碳钢和纯镍镀层也进行了比较研究。结果表明：碳纳米管的加入显著提高了复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能；耐腐蚀的原因在于碳纳米管的复合镀层更加致密，隔离了腐蚀介质，并阻止了蚀坑的增大，同时，碳纳米管促进了镍的纯化，从而提高镀层的耐蚀性。     

镍-磷-钛酸钾晶须化学复合镀层的制备及性能

采用化学复合镀方法制备镍-磷-钛酸钾晶须复合镀层,用扫描电镜和金相显微镜观察复合镀层的表面形貌和断面结构,用XRD研究时效温度对镀层组织结构的影响,并解释时效温度对镀层显微硬度的影响机制。采用交流阻抗技术和中性盐雾实验研究镀层的耐腐蚀性能。在销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机上进行复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能测试。结果表明：镀层的显微硬度随温度的变化曲线呈单峰形态,在400℃时达到最大值;复合镀层具有良好的耐腐蚀性能和摩擦磨损性能,在同等实验条件下,复合镀层的磨损率只有Ni-P镀层的1/4。     

碳纳米管-镍磷化学复合镀层的组织与性能研究

目的研究碳纳米管对Ni-P化学镀层组织与性能的影响。方法将碳纳米管(CNTs)加入到镀液中,采用化学镀的方法在45#钢表面制得碳纳米管-镍磷化学复合镀层。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪综合分析复合镀层的表面形貌和结构,并采用多功能材料表面性能测试仪对复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究。利用动电位极化技术对Ni-P-CNTs复合镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为进行了研究。结果Ni-P-CNTs化学复合镀层是非晶态结构,CNTs均匀地嵌埋在基质镀层中。在耐磨性试验中,Ni-P-CNTs复合镀层的磨损率比Ni-P镀层降低了7.6×10~(-11) m~3/(N·m),而平均摩擦因数减小了0.074。在电化学腐蚀试验中,Ni-P-CNTs复合镀层的腐蚀电位比Ni-P镀层正移了222 mV,而腐蚀电流密度降低了5.234×10~(-6) A/cm~2。结论碳纳米管填补了镍磷非晶胞间的间隙,改善了复合镀层的组织结构,使Ni-P-CNTs化学复合镀层具有更好的耐摩擦磨损性能和耐腐蚀性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.