MoS2-ZnO多孔纳米片的光催化及其室温气敏传感性能

为开发一种高性能、可回收、低成本的光催化剂,本论文使用水热法制备了多孔结构的ZnO纳米片复合MoS₂ （MoS₂-ZnO）光催化材料。通过XRD、SEM、光致发光光谱（PL）、XPS等手段对样品的形貌、光学性质等进行了测试表征。结果表明,所制备的MoS₂-ZnO样品为多孔片状结构;这种复合结构中MoS₂不仅有助于增强ZnO中光生载流子的分离效率,而且还能增强可见光区的吸收,从而提高光催化和气敏性能。在模拟太阳光下,MoS₂-ZnO纳米复合材料对高浓度（15 mg/L）的亚甲基蓝染液（MB）表现出较高的光催化降解活性。同时,MoS₂-ZnO制备的气敏传感器对低浓度（2.05 mg/m³）NO₂还具有较高的灵敏度。本工作为制备高效太阳能驱动的光催化剂和气体传感器提供了重要参考。     

CTAB辅助水热合成球状纳米花MoS2/C复合材料及其电化学性能研究

以钼酸钠(Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O)、硫脲(NH₂CSNH₂)、CTAB为原料, 利用水热法合成了MoS₂/C球状纳米花复合材料。通过XRD、SEM、TEM、TG等分析测试方法, 研究了不同CTAB添加量对MoS₂/C复合材料的微观结构、表面形貌的影响规律, 结果显示, 有部分无定形碳嵌入了MoS₂层间, 并抑制了MoS₂(002)面的堆积。电化学测试表明: 与纯MoS₂相比, MoS₂/C复合材料具有更好的电化学性能, 当加入0.025 g CTAB时首次放电比容量达到730 mAh/g, 在100 mA/g的电流密度下经过100次循环比容量稳定在415 mAh/g。在此基础上讨论了MoS₂/C球状纳米花复合材料的可能生长机理以及对材料电化学性能的影响规律。     

ZnFe2O4纳米球的制备及其对丙酮的气敏性能研究

丙酮被广泛应用于工业和实验室,对丙酮浓度的检测十分重要。ZnFe₂O₄是一种尖晶石型三元金属氧化物,气敏性能优良,可广泛应用于气体传感器。本文采用简单的一步水热法制备了球状的ZnFe₂O₄气敏材料。通过XRD、XPS、SEM、TEM、N2吸附-解析仪对材料的形貌结构、化学组成、比表面积等进行分析,并以丙酮为目标气体对其气敏性能进行了综合研究。结果表明,ZnFe₂O₄纳米球是由纳米粒子自组装而成,有较大的比表面积;该ZnFe₂O₄基气体传感器在最佳工作温度150℃下对丙酮的灵敏度为65.74,并具有出色的选择性、稳定性、重复性,但随着湿度的增加其气敏性能逐渐降低。     

基于花状MoS2微米材料的葡萄糖生物传感器的制备及其性能研究

本研究采用水热法制备了花状MoS₂微米材料, 将其作为电极构建葡萄糖生物传感器, 并研究了相关性能。结果表明: 水热法制备的MoS₂呈花状, 具有较好的结晶质量, 尺寸约为3.6 μm, 比表面积约为9.646 m²/g; MoS₂电极具有优良的电催化活性, 且电阻抗较小, 使得传感器对葡萄糖具有较好的响应。葡萄糖检测结果表明, 该传感器在0~20 mmol/L范围内, 氧化峰电流与葡萄糖浓度呈良好的线性关系, 相关系数(R)为0.9653, 灵敏度为262 μA•L/mmol。     

VO2(B)/ZnO异质复合纳米棒结构的室温NH3敏感性能研究

以VO₂(B)纳米棒为内核, 利用液相生长法制备了VO₂(B)/ZnO异质复合纳米棒, 研究了ZnO生长溶液浓度对复合结构微观形貌和气敏性能的影响规律。采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对复合结构样品的微观形貌和结晶取向进行表征, 并测试了复合结构对NH₃的敏感性能。实验结果表明, 随着ZnO种子液浓度的增大, ZnO逐渐由纳米颗粒生长为纳米棒结构, 当ZnO种子液浓度为0.01 mol/L时, ZnO呈棒状沿径向发散生长在VO₂(B)纳米棒表面, 形成树枝状VO₂(B)/ZnO异质复合纳米棒结构, 这一结构在室温下表现出对NH₃的高灵敏度和突出的选择性, 其灵敏度最大可达5.6, 对NH₃的响应时间最短仅为2 s。在室温下表现出的优良NH₃敏感性能, 主要与高密度的VO₂(B)/ZnO异质结和树枝状结构有关。研究结果为低功耗高灵敏度NH₃气敏传感器的研制提供了重要依据。     

SnS2纳米片的制备及其对NO2气体的检测

二维金属硫化物材料具有较低的电子噪声以及极大的比表面积, 使其非常适合用作气敏材料, 因此寻求高效可控的方法制备二维金属硫化物材料是目前的研究热点。本研究使用高温化学浴法制备了不同形貌的高结晶二维六方SnS₂纳米片。采用不同手段对制备的SnS₂纳米片进行表征, 并进一步研究了SnS₂纳米片的气敏性能。结果显示: 油酸、油胺用量(体积)相同时, 产物SnS₂的形貌是均一的六角形纳米片, 其直径约150 nm, 厚度约4~6 nm。气敏测试表明该SnS₂纳米片对NO₂气体具有良好响应, 且响应过程可逆, 选择性好。其最佳工作温度为130 ℃, 响应和恢复时间分别为98和680 s。     

MoS2/生物质碳复合材料的制备与吸波性能

为了解决MoS₂吸波材料电导率低的问题,以柚子皮（SP）为原料,采用一锅水热及高温煅烧法制备了MoS₂/生物质碳（BC）复合材料。通过调节初始Mo源、S源的含量来调控该复合材料中MoS₂的含量。微观形貌、结构和电磁参数结果表明,随着复合材料中MoS₂含量的增加,MoS₂在BC表面由片状零散分布转变为花状包覆,MoS₂/BC复合材料的电导率和复介电常数逐渐降低。通过调节MoS₂与BC的比例,实现对MoS₂/BC复合材料电磁参数的有效调控,进而优化其阻抗匹配特性。MoS₂的花状结构有利于促进电磁波的多重反射/散射。同时,MoS₂与BC之间存在丰富界面,有利于促进界面极化,增强MoS₂/BC复合材料对电磁波的衰减能力。所制备的MoS₂/BC-0.8最小反射率损失（RL）值为-40.1 dB,有效吸收带宽为5.9 GHz（11.1～1...     

MoS2修饰TiO2纳米管阵列光电化学性能研究

通过阳极氧化法在乙二醇电解液中制备TiO₂纳米管阵列, 以钼酸钠和硫脲作为钼源和硫源, 并添加半胱氨酸为辅助剂, 水热法制备纳米花状二硫化钼修饰的TiO₂纳米管阵列。用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和拉曼光谱对复合材料的晶型、形貌、物相等进行分析, 通过电化学工作站测试复合材料的线性扫描伏安曲线、电化学阻抗谱和莫特-肖特基曲线。结果表明: MoS₂/TiO₂复合材料形貌比较规整均匀, MoS₂纳米花尺寸约为200 nm; MoS₂与TiO₂复合有利于形成异质结, 促进光生电子和空穴的分离; 当钼酸钠浓度为0.8 mmol/L时制备的复合材料光化学能转化率为纯氧化钛的2.89倍, 达到了1.65%, 而且复合材料的电荷转移电阻降低了约50%, 光生载流子浓度提高了24倍, 达到了3.38×10²³ cm^-3, 具有非常优异的光电化学性能。     

一维Pt/SnO2纳米纤维的制备及NOx气敏性研究

为了制备出室温条件下对NO_x气体具有更高灵敏度和更快响应的传感器纳米材料并研究其气敏性能, 本研究通过高压静电纺丝法制备出一维Pt/SnO₂中空纳米纤维。采用XRD、SEM、TEM等表征手段对其结构和形貌进行研究, 同时进行了NO_x的气敏性能测试并予以探讨。研究结果表明: Pt/SnO₂纳米材料是一维中空管状及类似管状结构; 当Pt掺杂量为0.3wt%、NO_x浓度为9.7×10^-5 (V/V)时, NOx响应最快为11.33 s, 灵敏度最高可达109.6%; 当Pt掺杂量为0.5wt%时, 对NO_x检测限最低浓度可达2.91×10^-6 (V/V)。     

ZIF-67修饰WO3纳米片的制备及其气敏性能

金属氧化物半导体气敏传感器在有毒有害气体检测领域逐渐表现出巨大的应用前景,但是金属氧化物半导体传感器通常在检测时受环境湿度影响较大,这极大地限制了其应用。本文采用水热法成功在陶瓷管表面原位生长WO₃纳米片,并以此为基底,在其表面生长ZIF-67多孔材料,通过调控W和Co的比例制备了不同比例的ZIF-67/WO₃复合材料,利用XRD、SEM、FTIR和比表面积测试仪(BET)等方法对所制备的材料进行物相和形貌表征。针对其不同比例的复合材料的气敏性能进行了研究。结果表明:W∶Co摩尔比为 1∶1的ZIF-67/WO₃(1∶1)复合材料性能最好,在220℃对三乙胺表现出优异的选择性,对体积分数为100×10?6的三乙胺的响应值可达140.34,响应和恢复时间分别为9 s和7 s。研究了空气相对湿度(RH)对ZIF-67/WO₃(1∶1)传感器的影响,结果表明,在高达75%RH环境下该材料仍能保持较好的响应值,相对于纯WO₃气敏材料具有较好的抗湿性能。      

具有可见光催化活性的MoS2量子点/NH2-MIL-125复合材料的制备及性能表征

采用水热法合成金属-有机骨架材料NH₂-MIL-125, 并修饰硫化钼量子点, 从而构筑具有增强电荷分离的二硫化钼量子点/NH₂-MIL-125复合光催化材料(MoS₂ QDs/NH₂-MIL-125)。利用XRD、HRTEM、DRS、PL对材料性能进行分析, 通过降解甲基橙MO染料测试MoS₂ QDs/NH₂-MIL-125复合材料的光催化性能。结果表明：尺寸约 4 nm的MoS₂ QDs均匀分散在NH₂-MIL-125上, 在可见光照射下, MoS₂ QDs/NH₂-MIL-125复合材料的光催化性能极大优于单一的Bulk MoS₂和NH₂-MIL-125, 降解常数分别是它们的5.8和7.4倍。循环光催化实验结果表明, MoS₂ QDs/NH₂-MIL-125复合材料的光催化能力具有良好的稳定性。DRS和PL的测试结果表明, MoS₂ QDs/NH₂-MIL-125复合材料优异的可见光催化性能主要归因于异质结构的形成, 抑制了光生电子-空穴的复合, 进而提高了光催化性能。     

NH4+扩层MoS2的制备及其储锌性能研究

二硫化钼(Mo S₂)作为水系锌离子电池的正极材料,受到锌离子(Zn²⁺)与主体框架之间的强静电相互作用表现出缓慢的反应动力学。并且Mo S₂的层间距较窄难以嵌入大尺寸水合Zn²⁺,导致Mo S₂电极呈现出较低的放电比容量。本研究通过一种简单的氨水辅助水热法制备了NH₄⁺扩层的二硫化钼(Mo S₂-N)电极,氨水分解产生的氨气在促进硫代乙酰胺水解和提供还原性S^2–的同时,还会产生大量NH₄⁺作为插层离子,将Mo S₂的层间距由0.62 nm扩展至0.92 nm,进而大大降低了Zn²⁺嵌入能垒(改性电极的电荷转移电阻R_ct低至35?)。当电流密度为0.1 A·g^–1时,Mo S₂-N电极的初始放电比容量相比未扩层的Mo S₂     

高性能自支撑不锈钢网@MoS2锂离子电池负极材料

为了提高MoS₂作为Li离子电池负极材料整体的导电性和稳定性,将纳米化的MoS₂与其它导电性好的材料进行复合,通过水热法在导电基底不锈钢网(Stainless steel net, SS)上原位合成了一层MoS₂纳米花,制备了无粘结剂的自支撑结构的SS@MoS₂负极材料。纳米花状的MoS₂和导电性优异的SS提高了电子和Li离子的扩散速率,同时改善了电极的反应动力学。当作为Li离子电池负极材料时,SS@MoS₂电极表现出优异的储Li性能,特别是具有显著的大倍率充放电性能,即在1 000 mA/g的大电流密度下循环600次,比容量仍保持在862.1 mA·h/g。      

A wireless, passive carbon nanotube-based gas sensor

A gas sensor, comprised of a gas-responsive multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT)-silicon dioxide (SiO₂) composite layer deposited on a planar inductor-capacitor resonant circuit is presented here for the monitoring of carbon dioxide (CO₂), oxygen (O ₂), and ammonia (NH₃). The absorption of different gases in the MWNT-SiO₂ layer changes the permittivity and conductivity of the material and consequently alters the resonant frequency of the sensor. By tracking the frequency spectrum of the sensor with a loop antenna, humidity, temperature, as well as CO₂ , O₂ and NH₃ concentrations can be determined, enabling applications such as remotely monitoring conditions inside opaque, sealed containers. Experimental results show the sensor response to CO₂ and O₂ is both linear and reversible. Both irreversible and reversible responses are observed in response to NH₃, indicating both physisorption and chemisorption of NH₃ by the carbon nanotubes. A sensor array, comprised of an uncoated, SiO₂ coated, and MWNT-SiO₂ coated sensor, enables CO₂ measurement to be automatically calibrated for operation in a variable humidity and temperature environment     

Bacterial detection using a carbon nanotube gas sensor coupled with a microheater for ammonia synthesis by aerobic oxidisation of organic components

In this study, the authors propose a new bacteria detection method using a carbon nanotube (CNT) gas sensor and a microheater, which were coupled into a Bio-MEMS (microelectromechanical systems)-type device. Bacteria were heated by the microheater in air so that ammonia (NH₃) gas can be generated by the oxidation reaction of organic components of bacteria. Thus generated NH₃ gas was detected by using the CNT gas sensor, which was fabricated by dielectrophoresis (DEP) and combined with the microheater to form a small chamber. Cyclic pulsed heating operation was employed so that the CNT response to elevated temperature did not mask NH₃ response. It was demonstrated that the proposed device could detect and quantify 10⁷ bacteria cells (Escherichia coli). Possible application of DEP to trap and enrich target bacteria on the microheater was also discussed.     

Spray synthesis of rapid recovery ZnO/polyaniline film ammonia sensor at room temperature

As an excellent room temperature sensing material, polyaniline (PANI) needs to be further investigated in the field of high sensitivity and sustainable gas sensors due to its long recovery time and difficulty to complete recovery. The ZnO/PANI film with p‒n heterogeneous energy levels have successfully prepared by spraying ZnO nanorod synthesized by hydrothermal method on the PANI film rapidly synthesized at the gas‒liquid interface. The presence of p‒n heterogeneous energy levels enables the ZnO/PANI film to detect 0.1‒100 ppm (1 ppm = 10⁻⁶) NH₃ at room temperature with the response value to 100 ppm NH₃ doubled (12.96) and the recovery time shortened to 1/5 (31.2 s). The ability of high response and fast recovery makes the ZnO/PANI film to be able to detect NH₃ at room temperature continuously. It provides a new idea for PANI to prepare sustainable room temperature sensor and promotes the development of room temperature sensor in public safety.     

MoS2/Sb2S3复合光催化剂的制备及其可见光催化性能

通过一步水热法制备出MoS₂/Sb₂S₃可见光复合催化剂,采用XRD、SEM、紫外可见漫反射（UV-Vis DRS）和XPS表征手段对MoS₂/Sb₂S₃复合光催化剂进行了表征,以罗丹明B（RhB）作为目标污染物进行降解实验。与纯Sb₂S₃和MoS₂相比,MoS₂/Sb₂S₃复合光催化剂对RhB的光催化降解具有更高的效率,表现出优异的吸附性能和光催化性能。同时在相同的实验条件下,与TiO₂、Bi₂S₃、C₃N₄、Sb₂S₃等催化剂相比,MoS₂/Sb₂S₃复合光催化剂表现出更为优异的光催化性能。此外,探究了MoS₂/Sb₂S₃复合光催化剂光催化降解机制,阐述了光催化反应机制,提供了一种适用于降解较高浓度有机废水的光催化剂制备方法,具有一定的应用价值。      

Construction of ternary heterojunction AgI/C--MoS2 nanosheets with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic property and self-cleaning performance

Carbon–molybdenum disulfide (C–MoS₂) ultrathin nanosheets were prepared by a hydrothermal process, and then AgI/C–MoS₂ were synthesized via an in-situ deposition method. This ternary heterojunction composite exhibited better photocatalytic activity compared with those of one-component (pristine MoS₂) and bi-component (AgI/MoS₂ and C–MoS₂) materials for the degradation of organic dyes under the visible-light irradiation. In particular, by comparing with AgI/MoS₂, the significant role of conductive amorphous carbon in AgI/C–MoS₂ in enhancing the charge transfer during the photocatalytic degradation of dyes was first confirmed by photocurrent response and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed based on the capture experiment results. Furthermore, a straightforward and interesting way had been applied to test the recycled/newly-prepared AgI/C–MoS₂ composite for revealing its distinctive self-cleaning performance and recyclability characteristic besides its good photocatalytic activity. This work could provide a reference for the design of other new ternary heterojunction composite materials with special structures and properties.     

Semiconductor metal oxide compounds based gas sensors: A literature review

This paper gives a statistical view about important contributions and advances on semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) compounds based gas sensors developed to detect the air pollutants such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), H₂S, NH₃, CO₂, acetone, ethanol, other volatile compounds and hazardous gases. Moreover, it is revealed that the alloy/composite made up of SMO gas sensors show better gas response than their counterpart single component gas sensors, i.e., they are found to enhance the 4S characteristics namely speed, sensitivity, selectivity and stability. Improvement of such types of sensors used for detection of various air pollutants, which are reported in last two decades, is highlighted herein.