42CrMo钢驱动轮轴的感应热处理

利用GCK10150感应淬火机床(KGPS250/8000电源)和自主研发设计的感应器对某型号大轮拖拉机(≥160马力)42Cr Mo钢驱动轮轴进行表面淬火工艺试验,借助磁粉探伤仪、洛氏硬度计、金相显微镜和静扭试验机对感应淬火后的42Cr Mo钢驱动轮轴的组织与性能进行了分析。结果表明,42Cr Mo钢驱动轮轴感应淬火后的淬硬层深满足花键根部3.25~8.25 mm、光轴表面7~12 mm、键槽≥2 mm,硬度满足淬火硬度52~57 HRC、调质硬度262~302 HBW,并且淬硬层连续,同时零件表面不存在烧伤、裂纹等缺陷。42Cr Mo钢经调质+感应淬火+200℃×2 h回火后的抗扭性能最高。     

磨削深度及原始组织对42CrMo磨削淬硬层的影响

在磨削深度为0.1～0.6 mm的条件下对调质态、正火态及退火态42CrMo钢进行了磨削淬火试验。结果表明:磨削淬火后,三种原始组织试样磨削淬火后的完全淬硬区显微硬度为510～878 HV。正火、调质及退火态试件的淬硬层厚度分别为1.75、1.5和1.25 mm。磨削淬火后,调质态的42CrMo钢完全淬硬层组织为略大的板条状马氏体组织,正火态的42CrMo钢完全淬硬层的马氏体组织最为细小,退火态的42CrMo钢完全淬硬层板条状马氏体尺寸居于二者之间。     

四匝感应圈与倾斜感应圈表面感应淬火丝杠光杆的工艺分析

分别采用四匝感应圈与倾斜30°单匝感应圈对国产CrMo钢与德国CrMo钢丝杠光杆进行表面感应加热淬火处理,经材料成分、显微组织、表面淬硬层的硬度梯分布等检验,综合分析了表面感应加热淬火的工艺质量。结果表明,两种CrMo钢的化学成分存在差别,经四匝感应圈和倾斜30°单匝感应圈感应淬火处理后的组织基本相同;但经四匝感应圈感应淬火处理的淬硬层深度均大于经倾斜30°单匝感应圈感应淬火处理的结果。而且德国CrMo钢的淬硬层深度均大于国产CrMo钢,这与德国CrMo钢的淬透性高于国产CrMo钢有关。     

感应淬火对42CrMo钢曲轴连杆轴颈组织性能的影响

采用OM、SEM、X射线应力分析、力学性能测试等手段,分析了感应淬火处理对42CrMo钢曲轴连杆轴颈截面组织和残余应力的影响,探讨了不同淬火功率对淬硬层形貌、显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,42CrMo钢曲轴连杆轴颈截面由淬硬层、过渡层和基体3部分组成,淬硬层组织为均匀细小的马氏体,过渡层组织为马氏体和回火索氏体的混合组织,基体组织为回火索氏体。经感应淬火处理,42CrMo钢曲轴连杆轴颈表面残余应力由拉应力变为压应力,随着感应淬火功率的增加,淬硬层深度增加,组织不断细化,当感应淬火功率为2500 W,组织最为均匀细小,表面硬度达到了751.3 HV0.1,耐磨性大幅提升;但是淬火功率过高会导致组织粗化,当感应淬火功率为2600 W时,组织有所粗化,硬度也有所降低。     

双排链轮轴的感应淬火

我厂引进的德国F205平地机及国产化的PY180平地机产品，其驱动桥上的双排链轮轴（图1），材料为42CrMo钢锻件，在预先调质到硬度280～302HB后再进行感应加热淬火，表面硬度为52HRC。我厂用160kw，2500Hz可控硅电源实现了双排错轮轴的感应淬火，满足了德国图纸要求。1中频淬火专用感应器根据该件图纸圆角R处淬硬深度的要求，设计了结构简单的新型感应器（见图2）。其特点是只要求有效留有一定角度的尖角环。有效围内径与工件轴颈圆角处间隙取2～2．5mm，有效圈宽度为10mm，便于用紫铜管轧方成型，局部涂敷塑性导磁体。喷水圈与感应器有…     

驱动轮轴回火工艺的改进

148／5123052驱动轮轴是东方红-LF80-90拖拉机的关键零件，承受复杂的弯曲．扭转载荷和较大的冲击载荷，因此驱动轮轴本身必须具有较高的疲劳强度、较高的硬度和良好的耐磨性。驱动轮轴材料为35CrMo钢，零件形状如图1所示，技术要求为：轴颈及法兰的有效淬硬层深7．25～9．25mm，花键部位的有效淬硬层深7～9mm，这两个淬火部位的硬度要求均为48～55HRC。     

热处理工艺对活塞杆硬度的影响

通过对不同热处理状态下的42CrMo合金结构钢的硬度测定和显微组织观察,分析了热处理工艺对合金硬度的影响。结果表明,细杆高频淬火后近表面硬度为689.4 HV1.0,淬硬层平均硬度为434.6 HV0.1;回火后淬硬层平均硬度略有降低;底座高频淬火后淬硬层厚度为1.16 mm,硬度为459.4 HV0.1,表面淬火+回火后淬硬层的厚度为0.96 mm,硬度为464.7 HV0.1。两种热处理工艺均能保证细杆和底座的淬硬层与基体之间形成缓降式硬度梯度过渡。     

42CrMo钢高频感应淬火及回火对组织及硬度的影响

采用高频感应加热对42CrMo活塞杆进行表面淬火,然后对其进行200℃×2 h回火。采用VHX-600K金相显微镜和HXD-1000硬度仪对其进行组织观察和硬度分析。结果表明,42CrMo经高频感应加热表面淬火以及淬火+回火工艺处理后,淬硬层为马氏体组织,过渡区为马氏体与回火索氏体的混合组织,基体为回火索氏体。两种处理条件下淬硬层的深度分别为1.9、1.8 mm,平均硬度分别为435、415 HV0.1,可满足实际要求。     

发动机的曲轴材料42CrMo磨削淬硬及磨损试验

在MM7132平面磨床上对曲轴用材料-42CrMo钢进行了磨削淬火实验、在ML-100磨粒磨损试验机上进行了磨损试验,提高了农用柴油发动机的曲轴强度及耐磨性,42CrMo钢淬硬层的最高硬度达到了860HV,淬硬层的厚度达到了1．5mm;淬硬层由条状马氏体组成,过渡区由少量马氏体及回火索氏体组成;磨削淬火后试件的耐磨性提高了3倍。     

感应淬火对半轴用非调质钢高周疲劳性能的影响

利用旋转弯曲疲劳试验方法对比研究了一种半轴用铁素体+珠光体型非调质钢感应淬火前后高周疲劳性能的变化。结果表明,试验钢试样感应淬火后表层形成了厚度约1.2 mm、平均显微硬度约650 HV0.3的马氏体组织淬硬层。该淬硬层具有较高的残余压应力和十分细小的原奥氏体晶粒。感应淬火处理后,试验钢的疲劳耐久极限从420 MPa提高到716 MPa。疲劳断口的SEM观察表明,未经感应淬火试样的疲劳裂纹均起源于试样的表面基体,而经表面感应淬火后的疲劳裂纹则起裂于淬硬层边界附近的内部基体。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.