退火温度对NM360耐磨钢堆焊层组织与性能的影响

利用D507MoNb焊条对NM360耐磨钢板进行堆焊修复,并于焊后分别在200,400,600℃进行退火处理,研究了退火温度对堆焊层显微组织、硬度、冲击韧性及耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:堆焊层退火前的组织为马氏体+碳化物,在200,400,600℃退火后,堆焊层的组织分别为回火马氏体、回火屈氏体及回火索氏体;随着退火温度升高,堆焊层的硬度降低,冲击韧性增加,耐磨性下降;200℃退火后的堆焊层具有最佳的耐磨性,其相对耐磨性为母材的1.327倍。     

模具修复梯度耐磨堆焊层组织性能研究

提出了采用“母材 过渡层 耐磨层”的复合堆焊修复方法。工艺试验表明,通过打底焊过渡层的方法可以有效防止堆焊出现的裂纹。金相显微分析表明,采用Cr-Mo-W-Nb系耐磨堆焊焊条的堆焊合金组织为马氏体基体 残余奥氏体 碳化物,基体上分布的碳化物使堆焊层具有强的耐磨性。性能测试结果表明,堆焊表面平均硬度达到HRC60.1,完全满足模具材料硬度要求,硬度梯度分布合适,堆焊层耐磨性为母材的7.58倍。     

汽车半轴45钢的表层堆焊修复及焊后热处理

采用等离子弧堆焊工艺对45钢表层堆焊高铬高镍粉末合金,并对堆焊试样整体分别进行空冷及500℃焊后热处理。利用金相显微镜、显微硬度计、冲击试验机对焊后空冷及焊后热处理条件下的焊接热影响区及堆焊层的组织、硬度、断口形貌进行分析。试验结果表明,焊后不同处理条件下热影响区及堆焊层的组织形貌、硬度及焊接熔合区的断口形貌具有较大差异。焊后空冷条件下,热影响区主要为方向各异的针片状魏氏体,堆焊层主要为粗大的针状马氏体。热影响区与堆焊层之间的硬度梯度较高,且堆焊层硬度均匀性较差,同时焊接熔合区的冲击韧性较低。焊后500℃热处理条件下,热影响区的魏氏组织转变为大小均匀的粒状铁素体和珠光体,堆焊层转变为细小的板条状回火马氏体,焊接热影响区与堆焊层之间硬度梯度明显降低,同时堆焊层的硬度分布均匀且焊接熔合区冲击韧性较高。     

正火温度对NM360耐磨钢堆焊层组织与性能的影响

利用D507MoNb焊条对NM360耐磨钢板进行了堆焊修复,然后进行不同温度的正火处理,并对处理后堆焊层的显微组织、硬度、冲击韧性及磨料磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明:正火处理前堆焊层的组织为马氏体+碳化物,经不同温度正火处理后堆焊层的组织均为铁素体+珠光体+碳化物,且随正火温度的升高,组织变得粗大,正火温度为1 050℃时,产生了魏氏组织;随正火温度升高,堆焊层硬度、冲击韧性和耐磨性都降低,经900℃正火处理后,堆焊层综合性能最好。     

打壳锤头等离子堆焊镍基涂层组织和性能

采用等离子堆焊技术在打壳锤头基体Q235钢表面进行堆焊,堆焊材料选用分别含有50%WC、40%WC和30%WC+TiC的复合镍基粉末。借助金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度仪、摩擦磨损试验仪等仪器对所得各堆焊层的显微组织、化学成分、显微硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性进行分析。试验结果表明,三种合金堆焊层显微组织均为γ-Ni固溶体和弥散分布的不同形态的硬质化合物相,如WC,(Ti,V)C等。三种合金堆焊层与基体界面处冶金结合良好,堆焊层稀释率低,且与基体Q235钢相比,耐电解腐蚀性显著提高。含有30%WC+TiC的镍基合金堆焊层与含有50%WC和40%WC的镍基合金堆焊层相比,具有更高的耐磨性和抗热腐蚀性。因而含有30%WC+TiC的镍基合金堆焊层综合性能最优,能够大幅度延长打壳锤头使用寿命,具有广泛的应用前景。     

铁基高铬合金激光熔覆层和堆焊层的组织性能对比

对铁基高铬耐磨合金激光熔覆层和堆焊层的表面成形性、显微组织、硬度、磨损性能、磨损形貌等进行了对比分析.结果表明:激光熔覆层比堆焊层的表面成形好,试样变形小,显微组织均匀细小,稀释率小,平均显微硬度高300 HV左右;回火后耐磨性好,相同条件下磨损质量小50%以上.     

应用激光堆焊技术对磨损轴件的修复工艺

采用激光堆焊技术及自动送粉工艺进行了轴件修复实验。采用为检验激光修复的性能，对相同条件下(材料、工艺等)获得的试样进行了性能测试。用金相显微镜分析了堆焊层及过渡区的金相组织，用HXD-1000显微硬度仪测试了堆焊层的显微硬度。     

激光熔凝高速火焰喷涂CoNiCrWC涂层组织与性能的研究

利用高速火焰喷涂在304不锈钢表面制备CoNiCrWC涂层,再利用5kW横流CO2激光对涂层熔凝。通过扫描电镜（SEM）观察熔凝层组织结构,测试并分析熔凝层显微硬度、耐磨性。实验结果表明,激光熔凝层与基材形成良好的冶金结合,熔凝层组织均匀：熔凝层显微硬度平均硬度为HV0．2964．314,明显高于基材硬度;在相同的奈件下,熔凝层的耐磨性比基体有了明显的提高。磨损体积减少了约89％。通过对磨损后的试样进行粗糙度观察后表明,涂层具有更平滑的表面。     

基于汽车驱动桥壳再制造的堆焊可靠性研究

为了研究汽车驱动桥壳表面损伤后的堆焊修复层能否满足再制造的要求,选用H13CrMoA和ER50-6焊丝并采用亚激光瞬间熔工艺,在汽车驱动桥壳片表面制备不同厚度的堆焊层。利用金属磁记忆检测仪和扫描电镜分析堆焊试样的应力分布和断面组织特征,同时测试堆焊试样的硬度并进行渗透、磁粉和X射线三种无损检测。结果表明：ER50-6堆焊试样的堆焊层与母材硬度相近,母材热影响区未发生局部软化,堆焊层与母材结合良好,不存在焊接缺陷和应力集中区,应力分布不均匀程度低于H13CrMoA堆焊试样。
     

电站阀门密封面堆焊材料研究

新研制的高温高压电站阀门密封面堆焊条采用Ｈ０８Ａ焊芯，靠药皮过渡合金元素。堆焊金属硬度ＨＲＣ≥３８，高温抗擦伤性、硬度、组织稳定性和抗热疲劳性能４项主要技术指标达到或超过ＨＳ１１１钴基合金水平，堆焊工艺和裂性优于ＨＳ１１１钴基合金，材料价格是ＨＳ１１１钴基合金的１／９。     

Microstructure and properties of surfacing layers of dies manufactured by bimetal-gradient-layer surfacing technology before and after service

The purpose of this article is to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of surfacing layers (wear layer and transition layer) of a hot forging die manufactured by the bimetal-gradient-layer surfacing method, which is based on ZG29MnMoNi cast steel before and after forged 5761 parts on a 63MN hot die forging press. The finite element model of a die was established. Subsequently, a simulation was conducted to analyze the temperature field of the die and its cycle features under working conditions. Microstructure and mechanical property were measured. Results indicated that the microstructure of the wear layer mainly consists of temper sorbite, ferrite and carbides. The transition layer before and after service is mainly composed of both temper sobrite, lower bainite, and a small amount of temper martensite. The mechanical properties of wear and transition layers declined significantly after service. The tensile strength, yield strength, reduction of area, and elongation of wear layer declined by 41.6, 32.5, 28.3, and 24.5 %, respectively. With those indexes the transition layer decreased by 36.6, 34, 24.4, and 19.8 %, respectively. Microhardness and impact energy of wear and transition layers have showed a decrease of 17, 6 % and 51.2, 32.6 %, respectively. The impact fracture mode of both wear and transition layers is typically intergranular fracture after service. As a conclusion, it was determined that the service process sufficiently influenced the mechanical properties of the surfacing layers.     

两种模具堆焊修复用药芯焊丝堆焊金属的性能对比

对两种商用模具堆焊修复用药芯焊丝堆焊金属进行了硬度及冲击韧性对比试验,分析了性能产生差异的原因.结果表明:525焊丝堆焊金属的硬度及冲击韧性均高于136焊丝堆焊金属的;两种焊丝堆焊金属基体组织均由马氏体、贝氏体和铁素体组成,但525焊丝堆焊金属的晶粒尺寸较小,堆焊金属冲击断口的纤维区面积较大,韧窝更小、更多;两者韧性存...     

Brush plated cobalt-molybdenum and cobalt-tungsten alloys for wear resistant applications

Brush plating solutions have been developed that enable sound cobalt alloy coatings containing up to 12% molybdenum or tungsten to be deposited at thicknesses up to 13 μm. The alloy deposits had a very fine grain size but their crystallographic structure could not be determined. The cobalt deposit alone had a mixed cph and fcc structure at room temperature. Evaluation of the wear resistant properties of the cobalt alloys was carried out in the laboratory using a pin and disc technique and a simulated hot forging test. Both tests showed the alloys to have relatively good wear characteristics. Extensive industrial trials have been undertaken to assess the value of these cobalt alloy coatings to enhance the performance of hot forging dies. The results have indicated that die life can be increased by up to 100%     

Effect of Hot Forging on Microstructure and Abrasion Resistance of Fe-B Alloy

The effect of hot forging on the microstructure and abrasion resistance of Fe-B alloy was studied. The results showed that boride networks are broken down by hot forging. After hot forging, the hardness of Fe-B alloy increased marginally, and the toughness increased considerably.

In the two-body abrasion test, unforged Fe-B alloy exhibited excellent wear resistance and soft abrasive tended to show higher wear resistance. When alloys were tested against very hard abrasives, the wear resistance of forged Fe-B alloy was similar to that of unforged Fe-B alloy, but in the case of soft abrasives the wear resistance of forged Fe-B alloy was lower than that of unforged Fe-B alloy.     

Influence of process parameters on impact toughness and hardness of dissimilar AISI 4140 and AISI 304 continuous drive friction welds

Dissimilar joints between austenitic stainless steel and low alloy steel are extensively used in many high temperature applications in the energy conversion systems. In the present investigation, emphasis is made on the influence of process parameters on the impact toughness and hardness of the friction welded joints between these two materials. The important process parameters in friction welding such as friction force, forge force, and burn-off lengths are considered for optimization by Taguchi method using L₈ 2⁷ orthogonal array. It is found that under low friction force, forging force, and burn-off conditions, the impact toughness is high due to the observed acicular martensite. Low impact toughness is reported for the welds made at higher levels of the parameters. Carbon depletion is also observed close to interface in low alloy steel side. Microhardness at the weld center is less than the microhardness on either side at the interface of low alloy steel and austenitic stainless steel close to weld center. The contribution of each parameter and significance of interactions of these parameters is determined by Taguchi method. Among these parameters, friction force has significant influence and forging force has negligible influence on microhardness. The burn-off has maximum influence while forge force has minimum effect on toughness of the welds. Statistical analysis of variance is carried out, optimum process parameters are evaluated, and regression equations are obtained.     

厚壁复合钢板锥体热成形后冷却速度对组织和性能的影响

Q345R＋022Cr19Ni10（94＋4）复合钢板锥体在1030℃加热成形,950℃终止成形后覆层喷水,基层空冷,其基层力学性能试验-20℃冲击韧性不合格,金相检查为网状分布的多边形铁素体＋岛状组织和少量珠光体,晶粒度为9级。重新加热至成形温度浸水冷却,并在700℃回火,获得回火贝氏体组织,结果冲击韧性大幅提高,满足标准和设计要求。     

阀门钴基合金密封面堆焊工艺的分析与研究

介绍了阀门钴基硬质合金堆焊的工艺过程、工艺参数和工艺标准。采用正交法分析了阀门密封面堆焊电流对堆焊层的稀释率、堆焊层硬度及其影响堆焊层质量的主要因素。通过试验给出了合理的堆焊工艺和节约钴基合金焊材的关键技术及其应用前景。     

高能密度聚焦光束粉末堆焊质量的研究

研究了堆焊材料组成和堆焊工艺参数对光束粉末堆焊质量的影响规律。单道单层堆焊时,预涂粉末厚度过大将导致堆焊层与母材结合不良,反之,因过高的稀释率堆焊层宏观硬度则显著下降。多层堆焊时,易产生堆焊层横向裂纹、焊道边缘气孔及层间结合不良等堆焊缺陷。多道搭接堆焊时,易产生相邻焊道搭接部位的未熔合。在镍基合金中加入与其相互润湿的金属陶瓷相（镍包WC）,并控制其加入量是获得优质复合堆焊层的关键。合理控制堆焊热输入、对焊道焊趾部位的清理,以及堆焊过程中对熔池采取合理的保护,可获得无缺陷的大厚度、大面积堆焊层。     

近终形铸造热锻模具新材料及成形工艺

通过优化合金成分设计、合金化、孕育与变质处理，开发出了新型铸造热锻模具钢。该钢具有较高的强韧性和高温稳定性，其组织为板条马氏体和贝氏体的复合组织，板条间连接分布着许多薄膜状残余奥氏体。在回火过程中有细小的碳化物V3C4、Mo2C弥散析出。采用特种砂Ⅴ法铸造工艺获得了良好表面精度和尺寸精度的铸造模具，与传统的锻钢模具相比，寿命提高了40％－100％，具有较高的热疲劳抗力，加工余量少，不用改锻，降低了成本，经济效益显著，应用前景广阔。     

激光涂层及多冲后的组织结构变化

采用激光熔覆、等离子喷焊、火焰堆焊三种工艺制备抗多冲接触涂层。显微分析表明:激光熔覆层组织致密,晶粒细小,与基体结合牢固,对基体热影响小,稀释率最低;消除裂纹、孔隙、夹杂物等缺陷的覆层成品率最高;激光熔层在其屈服强度20%的多冲载荷下,表层组织混乱,晶粒出现扭曲变形;Co基合金覆层X射线衍射谱相位和峰值强度发生了较大变化;Ni基合金覆层衍射谱没有变化;Fe基合金覆层衍射谱有较小变化。X射线衍射表明,三种涂层下部在多冲前后的衍射谱均无变化。多冲表面有较强的“接触面表面效应”,激光涂层具备良好的表面抗多冲性能。