镁镍系储氢合金箔的制备研究

根据机械合金化和界面固相扩散反应的基本原理,合成出了一系列不同原子配比的Mg-Ni系储氢合金箔(Mg,Ni原子配比分别是81,41,21及11).研究了Mg-Ni系储氢合金箔的组成及其储氢性能.结果表明,Mg8Ni合金箔的吸放氢温度最低可降至300 ℃,Mg4Ni和Mg2Ni合金箔在250 ℃就可部分氢化,且放氢量均可达到2.5%(质量分数)以上;MgNi合金箔吸氢量较低,但放氢温度有所降低.     

硼的添加对Mg2Ni储氢合金吸放氢性能的影响

镁系储氢合金有着价格低廉、储氢量大等优点,作为机载储氢材料有着广泛的应用前景,但其过高的氢分解温度,过慢的分解速度等缺点制约着实际应用.采用机械球磨制备出Mg2 Ni-xB(x =0％,1％,5％,10％,15％)系列储氢合金.通过XRD分析了合金的物相结构,采用P-C-T测试仪测定了合金的吸放氢性能,研究了添加不同含量的B对Mg2Ni合金吸放氢性能的影响.研究结果表明,B的添加对合金在200和300℃下吸放氢性能的改善作用不明显,但添加B的合金在400℃下的吸氢量均较Mg2Ni高,B的添加量由1％增至15％的合金吸氢量分别为3.09％,3.00％,2.81％,2.84％,而Mg2Ni的吸氢量则只有2.60％.随着B含量的增加,含B合金吸氢量略有降低;在含B的试样中,含5％B的合金吸氢速率最大,仅需180 s便能完成吸氢.所有含B合金的放氢平台均较Mg2Ni高且较为平坦.本次实验表明,B的添加量对合金性能的提升存在一个最优值,本次实验结果显示,添加5％B相对较好地改善合金的储氢性能,提高合金吸氢量和放氢平台压的同时能保持较快的吸氢速率.     

合金化对Ti-Cr基储氢合金性能的影响

由Ti-Cr基合金的二元相图出发，综述了Ti-Cr基合金的储氢性能，并重点介绍了多元合金化对其储氢性能的影响。合金TiCr1.8中存在BCC和Laves相，吸氢量随温度的升高而有所下降。Zr取代合金中的部分Ti使合金的晶胞参数增大，同时合金的吸氢量增加，平台压力降低，平台区变短。V取代合金中的部分Cr也使合金的吸氢量增加，吸放氢过程中的滞后效应增加。Fe，Mn，Cu，Ni对合金的性能也有一定影响。相同的退火时间下，TiCrV合金的吸氢量随退火温度的升高而增加。     

氢化燃烧法合成镁基储氢合金进展

以Mg2 Ni为例系统综述了氢化燃烧法制备镁基储氢合金的进展 ,包括其工作原理 ,氢化燃烧法和其它制备镁基储氢合金方法的比较 ,影响氢化燃烧的因素以及材料的氢化特性。较为详细地介绍了国内外的研究状况并进行比较 ,通过比较Mg2 Ni、Mg2 FeH6 、Mg2 CoH5等储氢合金的吸氢性能 ,指出制备镁基储氢合金的理想发展方向应该是采用复合方法获得实用产品 ,即结合氢化燃烧 ,机械合金化 ,多元化 ,纳米化等方法 ,制备非晶态合金 ,以期达到低温下吸放氢量大于 5 %(质量分数 ) ,具有良好的动力学性能 ,使用寿命长 ,低价格的效果。     

放电等离子烧结制备储氢合金的应用研究现状

介绍了放电等离子烧结制备储氢合金的可行性,从La-Mg-Ni系、Mg基、Ti-V基合金的微观结构及其吸放氢性能等角度综述了放电等离子烧结在储氢合金中的应用研究进展,并指出储氢合金吸放氢性能的改善原因在于适当温度的放电等离子烧结促进了合金中新相的形成,控制了合金晶粒尺寸。     

钪基Laves相合金Sc_(0.8)Zr_(0.1)Y_(0.1)Mn_(2-x)Ni_x(x=0～2.0)的微观结构和储氢性能

用真空电弧熔炼制备AB2型Sc0.8Zr0.1Y0.1Mn2-xNix(x=0~2.0)储氢合金,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜/能谱分析(SEM/EDS)研究了吸氢前后Ni元素替代Mn对Sc Mn2基合金微观结构的影响,用Sievert装置和热重-差热分析仪(TG/DSC)测试了合金的压力-组成-温度(P-C-T)曲线和吸放氢动力学。研究结果表明,合金铸态组织主要由Laves主相和少量Sc Ni及富Y的第二相组成,其中稀土Sc和Y元素易与Ni形成相应的金属间化合物相。随Ni含量x的增加,合金基体的Laves相组织结构由C14型向C15型转变,x=0时,合金组织基本为C14型Laves相单相组织,x=2.0时,合金组织则完全转变为C15型Laves相单相组织。Ni元素替代Mn对合金的气态吸放氢动力学行为和吸氢P-CT曲线影响较大。随Ni含量的增加,合金吸氢动力学与活化性能逐渐变慢,但其放氢温度明显降低,氢化物生成焓减小(-35.05~-18.72k J·mol-1),储氢平台压升高,储氢容量降低;室温时合金最大储氢量达2.18%(质量分数),储氢后其晶格膨胀率ΔV/V为10.63%~27.32%,吸氢前后合金主相仍保持C14型或C15型相结构,并未发生新的氢致相变,亦无氢致非晶化现象。     

添加剂CeO_2对La_2Mg_(17)-50% Ni储氢性能的影响

研究了球磨添加CeO2对La2Mg17-50%(质量分数,下同)Ni复合合金的相结构和储氢性能的影响,并对合金的形貌和吸放氢性能进行了检测。XRD结果表明,球磨加入CeO2后,在La2Mg17-50%Ni合金中除了Mg2Ni和Ni相外,产生Ce Mg12相。SEM形貌图清晰地看见CeO2附在La2Mg17-50%Ni合金表面上呈白色小颗粒。吸氢动力学性能表明,加入CeO2后,使La2Mg17-50%Ni合金的最大吸氢量从3.298%增加到3.594%。添加CeO2后合金的最佳饱和吸氢温度降为200℃(3 MPa),且吸氢动力学性能提高至1 min内的吸氢量达到3.382%,是其最大吸氢量的94%。然而,CeO2在放氢过程中的积极作用并不明显。     

镁系储氢薄膜的研究进展

综述了储氢薄膜的研究进展，包括制备方法、制备原理及影响因素。详细介绍了国内外镁系合金薄膜的研究状况，通过分析Mg-Pd，Mg-V，Mg-Ni，Mg-MmNi5复合薄膜的吸氢性能，指出镁系储氢薄膜的理想发展方向应该是寻找一种价格低廉且活性较好的金属元素取代价格较高的Pd、V，采用与其它类活性好的合金复合等方法，获取吸放氢性能优良的储氢薄膜。     

氢化燃烧合成Mg2NiH4中镁氢化反应的影响及利用

通过改变氢化燃烧合成Mg2NiH4时镁氢化保温时间，研究在不同合成压力下，中间反应一镁氢化反应对氢化燃烧合成产物的影响，并初步探讨了镁氢化反应与Mg-Ni燃烧合成反应及Mg2Ni氢化反应的内在联系。研究结果表明，镁的充分氢化在促进Mg-Ni燃烧合成反应的同时也有效地提高了Mg2Ni的氢化活性，利用镁氢化反应可以在低的合成氢压和粗的镁粉原料下制备出纯度很高的Mg2NiH4。     

掺杂金属氧化物对Mg基储氢合金性能的影响

Mg基储氢合金储量丰富、价格低、具有较高的储氢容量且环保无污染,是一种很有发展前景的储氢材料。但是该类合金吸放氢动力学性能差、吸放氢温度高,氢化物稳定不易分解,这些缺点使其应用受到一定限制。通过在Mg基储氢合金中进行元素替代或催化掺杂可以达到改善性能的作用。其中,在Mg基储氢合金中掺杂氧化物改善合金储氢性能的研究工作引起广泛关注。本文系统地分析总结了近年来在Mg基储氢合金中掺杂氧化物改善储氢性能的研究成果,对于开发具有商业价值的镁基储氢材料具有一定指导意义。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.