内镜下治疗早期食管癌及其适应证的探讨

目的探讨早期食管癌内镜下诊断和治疗的临床价值及适应证。方法超声微探头联合黏膜染色，选择适合内镜切除的早期食管癌患者13例，经内镜微探头超声判断癌浸润深度，11例癌组织浸润黏膜层，2例癌组织浸润黏膜下层上1／3，均无淋巴结转移。使用双腔电子胃镜行内镜下黏膜切除术（EMR），观察疗效。结果13例早期食管癌内镜下治疗均成功，未发生大出血、穿孔等并发症。随访时间超过2年无复发。结论早期食管癌病变局限于黏膜层及黏膜下层上1／3为EMR的适应证，治疗较为安全。     

窄带成像放大内镜联合超声微探头诊断早期食管癌及癌前病变的价值

目的 研究窄带成像放大内镜联合超声微探头对早期食管癌及癌前病变的诊断价值.方法 58例经常规内镜观察有食管黏膜粗糙、糜烂、颜色异常、微隆起等可疑病变,首次病检均示慢性炎症患者,再次内镜检查时,对可疑病灶行微探头超声检查,在窄带成像放大内镜下观察病变部位上皮乳头内毛细血管袢的形态,并在其引导下对病变区行活组织病理检查,将放大内镜下毛细血管袢的形态结果与组织病理诊断对照研究后进行统计学分析.结果 58例常规内镜及活检为慢性炎症者经窄带成像放大内镜联合超声并在其引导下对病变区行活组织病理检查确诊鳞癌10例(17.24%),其中早期食管癌8例,高级别瘤变4例(6.89%),低级别瘤变16例(27.58%),食管炎28例(48.27%).食管癌组60.00%(6/10)为Ⅳ型上皮乳头内毛细血管袢(IPCL),40.00%(4/10)为Ⅲ型IPCL;高级别瘤变组75.00%(3/4)为Ⅲ型IPCL,25.00%(1/4)为Ⅳ型IPCL;低级别瘤变组,50.00%(8/16)为Ⅲ型IPCL,43.75%(7/16)为Ⅱ型IPCL,6.25%(1/16)为Ⅰ型IPCL;食管炎组85.18%(23/27)为Ⅱ型IPCL,11.11%(3/27)为Ⅰ型IPCL,3.71%(1/27)为Ⅲ型IPCL.食管癌、高级别瘤变的IPCL与食管炎的ILCL比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 窄带成像放大内镜联合超声微探头对早期食管癌及癌前病变有较高的诊断价值.     

微探头联合环扫内镜超声对直肠癌术前分期的价值

目的 评价微探头超声联合环扫内镜超声检查对直肠癌术前分期的特异性、敏感性和准确性以及判断其对直肠癌治疗方案选择的价值.方法 对2007年8月-2008年8月60例术前直肠癌患者行微探头和环扫超声内镜联合探查.参照TNM分期标准进行分期诊断,并与MRI、手术后组织病理学结果对比,总结EUS分期对治疗方案选择的参考价值.结果 在60例直肠癌患者中,EUS分期T1期4例,T2期18例,T3期30例,T4期8例,存在7例分期过度和4例分期不足;MRI分期T1期1例,T2期18例,T3期30例,T4期10例,存在14例分期过度和3例分期不足.微探头超声内镜结合环扫型超声内镜对直肠癌T分期诊断综合准确率为81.67%(49/60),N分期的准确率为78.33%,敏感性和特异性为71.43%和91.03%;MRI对直肠癌T分期准确率为71.67%(43/60),周围淋巴结转移诊断的准确率为83.33%,敏感性和特异性为85.71%和86.96%.结论 微探头联合环扫内镜超声检查是一有效估计直肠癌肠壁浸润深度并对其进行TN分期的方法,且操作简便、痛苦小、诊断准确率较高.     

超声内镜联合染色内镜在早期食管癌诊断中的应用价值

目的:分析超声内镜联合染色内镜技术诊断早期食管癌的准确性,评价其临床应用价值.方法:2009-08/2011-09行普通白光内镜(WLE)检查发现食管黏膜可疑病变67例,患者72处病灶纳入研究,可疑病变包括食管黏膜粗糙、糜烂、颜色异常、微隆起等.所有病变行活组织病理检查,分析超声内镜联合染色内镜诊断早期食管癌的准确性.结果:72处局灶性病变中,病理组织学证实癌性病变16处(9处病变行内镜下黏膜切除术或内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗,7处病变行手术治疗).非癌性病变56处,为慢性炎症、轻-中度不典型增生.WLE诊断早期食管癌的敏感度、特异度和准确性分别为:81.3%、66%、62.5%;超声内镜联合染色内镜对应值分别为:87.5%、98.2%、95.8%.结论:超声内镜联合染色内镜对食管病变有较高的诊断价值,尤其是对诊断早期食管癌及癌前病变有重要意义.     

内镜超声对早期胃食管癌内镜可切除性的评估价值

目的 探讨内镜超声对早期胃食管癌内镜可切除性的评估价值.方法 观察经EUS检查后,并在之后2周内通过内镜黏膜切除术或内镜黏膜下剥离术术后病理证实的早期胃食管癌共65例,比较EUS和病理检查对病变浸润深度的判断.结果超声内镜诊断早期癌浸润深度的总准确性达93.8%(61/65),对病变内镜可切除性的评估总准确率为89.2%.结论超声内镜可较准确地评估早期胃食管癌的内镜可切除性.     

内镜超声对早期胃食管癌内镜可切除性的评估价值

目的 探讨内镜超声对早期胃食管癌内镜可切除性的评估价值.方法 观察经EUS检查后,并在之后2周内通过内镜黏膜切除术或内镜黏膜下剥离术术后病理证实的早期胃食管癌共65例,比较EUS和病理检查对病变浸润深度的判断.结果超声内镜诊断早期癌浸润深度的总准确性达93.8%(61/65),对病变内镜可切除性的评估总准确率为89.2%.结论超声内镜可较准确地评估早期胃食管癌的内镜可切除性.     

内镜超声对早期胃食管癌内镜可切除性的评估价值

目的 探讨内镜超声对早期胃食管癌内镜可切除性的评估价值.方法 观察经EUS检查后,并在之后2周内通过内镜黏膜切除术或内镜黏膜下剥离术术后病理证实的早期胃食管癌共65例,比较EUS和病理检查对病变浸润深度的判断.结果超声内镜诊断早期癌浸润深度的总准确性达93.8%(61/65),对病变内镜可切除性的评估总准确率为89.2%.结论超声内镜可较准确地评估早期胃食管癌的内镜可切除性.     

内镜超声对早期胃食管癌内镜可切除性的评估价值

目的 探讨内镜超声对早期胃食管癌内镜可切除性的评估价值.方法 观察经EUS检查后,并在之后2周内通过内镜黏膜切除术或内镜黏膜下剥离术术后病理证实的早期胃食管癌共65例,比较EUS和病理检查对病变浸润深度的判断.结果超声内镜诊断早期癌浸润深度的总准确性达93.8%(61/65),对病变内镜可切除性的评估总准确率为89.2%.结论超声内镜可较准确地评估早期胃食管癌的内镜可切除性.     

内镜超声对早期胃食管癌内镜可切除性的评估价值

目的 探讨内镜超声对早期胃食管癌内镜可切除性的评估价值.方法 观察经EUS检查后,并在之后2周内通过内镜黏膜切除术或内镜黏膜下剥离术术后病理证实的早期胃食管癌共65例,比较EUS和病理检查对病变浸润深度的判断.结果超声内镜诊断早期癌浸润深度的总准确性达93.8%(61/65),对病变内镜可切除性的评估总准确率为89.2%.结论超声内镜可较准确地评估早期胃食管癌的内镜可切除性.     

内镜超声对早期胃食管癌内镜可切除性的评估价值

目的 探讨内镜超声对早期胃食管癌内镜可切除性的评估价值.方法 观察经EUS检查后,并在之后2周内通过内镜黏膜切除术或内镜黏膜下剥离术术后病理证实的早期胃食管癌共65例,比较EUS和病理检查对病变浸润深度的判断.结果超声内镜诊断早期癌浸润深度的总准确性达93.8%(61/65),对病变内镜可切除性的评估总准确率为89.2%.结论超声内镜可较准确地评估早期胃食管癌的内镜可切除性.     

超声内镜对食管癌治疗方式的术前评估价值

目的探讨超声内镜在食管癌的临床诊断上的应用价值以及对各种治疗方式的术前评估作用。方法内镜检查57例食管癌,了解癌肿的影像特征、浸润深度及癌旁淋巴结转移情况,并与术后情况进行比较。结果超声内镜显示肿瘤影像特征为不规则的低回声肿块伴部分或全部管壁结构的破坏,对肿瘤浸润深度诊断总符合率为84．2％（48／57）,对T分期的诊断总符合率为87．7％（50／57）;对N分期的诊断总符合率为84．2％（48／57）。结论超声内镜对食管癌不同治疗方法的选择、手术方式的确定和预后的评估具有重要的参考价值。     

Superficial Esophageal Carcinoma: Evaluation by Endoscopic Ultrasonography

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the staging of superficial esophageal carcinoma (SEC). Methods: We examined the histopathologic findings of 28 patients with SEC which was confirmed in the postoperative histologic evaluation. The EUS results preoperatively estimated were compared with them. Results: There were nine patients with mucosal carcinoma (two intraepithelial carcinomas and seven carcinomas limited to the mucosal layer) and 19 patients with submucosal carcinoma. The mucosal carcinomas revealed no lymph node metastasis or vessel permeation, whereas the submucosal carcinomas revealed lymph node metastasis (71%) and vessel permeation (lymphatic, 58%, vascular, 21%). The accuracy rates of depth of invasion by EUS were mucosa, 67% (6/9); submucosa, 79% (15/19); and total, 75% (21/28). EUS could not detect microinvasion to the submucosa. The overall accuracy rate of EUS in the evaluation of periesophagogastric lymph node metastasis was 72%: sensitivity 58% and specificity 85%. Conclusions: It has been clinically proved important to differentiate mucosal carcinoma from submucosal carcinoma in the staging of SEC, and EUS is recommended in differentiating between them.     

环形扫描内镜超声检查术评估食管癌术前分期的临床研究

目的 探讨环形扫描内镜超声检查术（EUS）评估食管癌术前分期的临床价值.方法 选择2010年1月至2010年6月住院手术的食管癌患者,术前采用EUS评估食管肿瘤TNM分期,并与术后病理结果比较.结果 60例患者符合条件纳入研究.EUS能准确评估80%食管癌T分期和71%食管癌N分期,T1、T2、T3和T4期灵敏度分别为75%、100%、96%和50%,N0和N1期灵敏度分别为55%和100%.如果不包括超声内镜无法通过的11例食管癌患者,EUS评估局限食管癌和进展食管癌的准确率为90%（44/49）.结论 EUS评估食管癌术前TN分期准确率较高,可鉴别局限食管癌和进展食管癌.     

超声内镜在胃癌食管癌术前诊断中的应用

为探讨超声内镜（ＥＵＳ）在胃癌、食管癌术前诊断中的应用价值，对３６例胃癌、１５例食管癌术前进行ＥＵＳ检查，将其结果与术后病理对照。根据肿瘤新ＴＮＭ分期，ＥＵＳ对胃癌、食管癌术前Ｔ分期判断的准确率分别为８１％，８７％；对Ｎ分期判断的准确率分别为７２％，８０％。对胃癌、食管癌术前可切除性分期（Ｒ０）判断的准确率分别为９５％，９３％。提示ＥＵＳ能较准确地判断胃癌、食管癌的分期；能准确地判断早期癌，为早癌的内镜切除提供可靠的依据；对ＢｏｒｒｍａｎｎⅣ型癌的诊断也有重要意义。     

Pre-operative staging of recto-sigmoid colon carcinoma by upper gastrointestinal endoscopic ultrasonography.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To assess the accuracy of a new generation endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)(GF-M200) in pre-operative staging of recto-sigmoid colon carcinoma invasion and lymph node metastasis. METHODOLOGY: Seventy-three patients with biopsy proven colon cancer were included in this study. These comprised 60 patients with rectal carcinoma and 13 patients with sigmoid carcinoma. All patients were pre-operatively examined by EUS. Pathological findings of the depth of tumor invasion and presence of lymph node metastasis were correlated with EUS. RESULTS: EUS has an overall accuracy rate of 89% in staging of recto-sigmoid cancer. The diagnostic accuracy rate was 83% for T1, 83% for T2, 93% for T3, and 71% for T4. Understaging and overstaging occurred in 6% and 6%, respectively. In determining lymph node metastasis, the overall accuracy rate was 77%, with a sensitivity and specificity rate of 77% and 76%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: EUS is a valuable staging modality in the staging of the depth of tumor invasion, not only for rectal carcinoma but also for tumors located at the sigmoid colon.     

Endoscopic US and Dynamic CT in Preoperative TN Staging of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract: 〈Objective〉 The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and limitations of endoscopic ultrasonography (US) and dynamic computed tomography (CT) in the preoperative evaluation of esophageal carcinoma. 〈Methods〉 Endoscopic US and dynamic CT were performed preoperatively in 96 patients with an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The results were correlated with the histology of specimens resected from patients who had undergone subtotal esophagectomy with lymph node dissection. 〈Results〉 According to the TN staging classification, endoscopic US was superior to dynamic CT for evaluating the depth of tumor infiltration (overall accuracy: EUS 75%, CT 35%) and in assessing regional lymph node metastases (overall accuracy: EUS 77%, CT 67%). However, the T4 stage was not accurately evaluated using endoscopic US in this study. Its specificity was high (97%) but its sensitivity was low (45%). 〈Conclusions〉 We believe endoscopic US is the most accurate method for local tumor staging in esophageal carcinoma. A limitation to endoscopic US staging performed with current instruments was severe stenosis, as it would not permit passage of the instrument (25% of all cases in this study).     

Comparison of preoperative TN staging of gastric carcinoma by endoscopic ultrasonography with CT examination

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A cost analysis of endoscopic ultrasound in the evaluation of esophageal cancer

OBJECTIVE: The use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of suspicious lymph nodes has become an important aid in the staging of esophageal carcinoma. The economic impact of this staging strategy has not yet been described. We applied a decision analysis model to compare the costs of EUS FNA, CT-guided FNA, and surgery in the management of esophageal tumors. A cost-minimization approach was employed, as viewed from the perspective of the payer. METHODS: A decision analysis model with three management arms was designed using DATA 3.5 software, taking the entry criteria as esophageal carcinoma without evidence of distant metastases as determined by CT. Detection of tumor on celiac lymph node (CLN) FNA signified unresectability and prompted palliative treatment: chemoradiotherapy with endoscopic esophageal stenting rather than surgery. Baseline probabilities were varied through plausible ranges using sensitivity analysis. Cost inputs were based on Medicare professional fees plus Medicare facility fees. The endpoint was the cost of management per patient. RESULTS: EUS FNA was the least costly strategy ($13,811), compared to CT FNA ($14,350) and surgery ($13,992). The model outcome was sensitive to changes in both EUS FNA sensitivity and prevalence of CLN metastases. EUS FNA remained the least costly option provided the prevalence of CLN involvement was >16%; below this value, surgery became the most economical strategy. CONCLUSION: By minimizing unnecessary surgery, primarily by detecting CLN involvement, EUS FNA is the least costly staging strategy in the workup of patients with nonmetastatic esophageal cancer. Under certain circumstances, surgery is the preferred strategy.     

内镜超声检查在胃癌诊断和分期中的临床应用

目的评价内镜超声检查(EUS)对胃癌患者术前诊断和分期的准确性,以指导临床治疗方案的选择。方法22例经胃镜加活检病理检查确诊(17例)和疑诊为胃癌但常规活检阴性的患者(5例),同时行EUS、腹部螺旋CT检查,疑诊者在EUS检查的同时行EUS引导下细针穿刺活检(FNAB)以明确诊断。确定肿瘤侵犯深度(T)、局部淋巴结转移(N)、周围及远处器官转移(M)等分期情况,并与手术及病理对照,以评价EUS对胃癌诊断及TNM临床分期的准确性。结果5例疑诊者行EUS引导下FNAB全部成功取得肿瘤组织,病理诊断腺癌4例,印戒细胞癌1例。1例术前EUS诊断为T1N0M0期的患者行内镜下黏膜切除术,其余患者全部行外科胃癌根治术。与手术和病理结果比较,EUS对于TNM分期诊断总的敏感性和特异性分别为T:84.9%,74.2%;N:92.1%,77.1%;M:63.4%,87.5%。螺旋CT对于胃壁是否增厚及N、M分期的敏感性和特异性分别为T:27.3%,75%;N:31.5%,100%;M:50%,100%。其中EUS对于T和N分期的敏感性较CT高(P<0.05)。结论EUS术前评价胃癌临床分期具有显著的优越性,尤其是对于肿瘤侵犯深度和局部淋巴结转移的诊断,对指导临床治疗方案的选择及术后随访具有重要的参考价值。     

Lymph node staging in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A comparative study of endoscopic ultrasonography versus computed tomography

Background and Aim:  Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is established as a standard approach for locoregional staging of esophageal cancer. However, only a few published studies have attempted to correlate the station of the abnormal lymph nodes detected by EUS with the definitive histology. We compared EUS and computed tomography (CT) in the initial staging of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Methods:  Consecutive patients with esophageal cancer undergoing EUS were evaluated. EUS findings and patient data including histopatology were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively. Lymph node locations were divided into three groups; abdominal (A), paraesophageal (B), and thoracic paratracheal (C).
Results:  A total of 365 consecutive patients underwent EUS and 159 patients underwent esophagectomy without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Thirty-eight patients were excluded (insufficient EUS, etc.), and 121 patients were enrolled. The overall accuracy of EUS was 64% (sensitivity 68%, specificity 58%, positive predictive value [PPV] 68%), CT was 51% (sensitivity 33%, specificity 75%, PPV 64%), and CT + EUS was 64% (sensitivity 74%, specificity 50%, PPV 66%). The accuracy of EUS was higher than CT in Groups A and C. Sensitivity of CT was lower than that of EUS alone and CT + EUS.
Conclusions:  This study has demonstrated that EUS is a more accurate technique than contrast-enhanced CT for detecting abnormal lymph nodes. Sensitivity of CT was lower than that of EUS alone and CT + EUS. But some metastatic lymph nodes in neck and abdominal fields are only detectable by CT. Therefore, both EUS and CT should be undertaken for routine examination prior to treatment of esophageal cancer.