V-5Cr-5Ti合金在Cl-溶液中的界面腐蚀特性

采用电化学阻抗谱测试技术、光学显微镜、扫描电镜及X射线能谱研究了V-5Cr-5Ti合金在Cl^-溶液中的界面腐蚀特性,并与钒进行了比较。结果表明,在50 μg/g Cl^-的KCl溶液中,V与V-5Cr-5Ti合金的电化学阻抗谱均具有容抗弧特性,其界面腐蚀物理结构模型可用R₁(Q₁(R₂(Q₂R₃)))等效电路表示,V的腐蚀电极过程电荷转移电阻远大于V-5Cr-5Ti合金;V的腐蚀为均匀腐蚀,而V-5Cr-5Ti合金为局部腐蚀;V的抗腐蚀性能优于V-5Cr-5Ti合金。     

U表面Al及Ti/Al双重镀层的电化学腐蚀行为

采用动电位极化技术和扫描电镜(SEM)对U表面Al及Ti/Al双重镀层在含50μg/gCl^－的KCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为进行研究。研究结果表明：U表面Al镀层和Ti/Al双重镀层的腐蚀为局部腐蚀，其腐蚀速度明显低于裸体U，能够对U表面提供较好的保护。Al镀层相对U基体为阳极性镀层，能对U基体提供牺牲性保护；Ti镀层相对U基体为阴极性镀层，对U基体的保护是基于镀层对腐蚀介质的物理屏障作用。     

正脉冲电镀法制备φ33 mm模拟镍源

mA量级直流恒流电源具有过保护电压较低的缺点,不适于制作大面积、高活度⁶³Ni放射源。本文以正脉冲电源为解决方案,系统研究在简单组分的镀镍溶液中,各工艺条件对电镀结果的影响。研究结果表明,在阴极电流密度为18 mA/cm²、室温、脉宽80%、频率5 kHz条件下电镀2.5 h,可获得95%以上的⁵⁸Ni沉积率。     

316NG不锈钢在硼-锂溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为研究

利用电化学方法获得316NG不锈钢（316NG）在300℃、pH=5~8硼-锂溶液中的极化曲线和交流阻抗（EIS），并绘制相应水化学条件下的电位-pH图。结果表明:碱性条件下钝化区尤其是二次钝化区极化电流急剧减小，pH=7~8时阳极极化表现出3次钝化现象，偏碱性条件极化阻抗显著高于偏酸性和近中性条件，说明碱性条件下316NG表面钝化膜保护效果更佳。pH=5时电化学极化后样品表面主要生成Cr₂O₃和Fe₂O₃；碱性条件下（pH=6~8）样品表面氧化膜为分层结构:最外层为Fe₃O₄，随深度增加开始出现NiFe₂O₄，内层成分主要为FeCr₂O₄。随着电导率升高，溶液电阻、电荷传递电阻和钝化膜电阻均显著降低。依据极化曲线绘制的电位-pH图与文献结果相吻合。      

硝酸溶液中铝的电化学溶解行为

铝常用作核燃料的包壳材料以及辐照靶件的基体材料。研究其电化学溶解行为对于开发新型铝基体首端溶解工艺具有重要意义。研究了铝在硝酸中的阳极溶解电化学行为,并测定一系列条件下铝阳极的电化学阻抗谱、极化曲线和循环伏安曲线。结果表明:在稳态时,铝表面形成钝化膜,钝化膜的厚度随硝酸浓度的升高先下降后升高,在硝酸浓度为4mol/L时厚度较薄;体系的温度升高、硝酸铝浓度下降都使钝化膜的厚度减小;在有极化电流作用下,升高温度、增大酸度以及增大硝酸铝浓度,都易于使膜击穿,从而实现阳极溶解;铝在硝酸中的溶解速率仅与电流强度有关,电解速率可达0.4g/(A·h)。     

高温He离子辐照引起的Hastelloy N合金微结构变化研究

本文采用30 keV的He离子辐照Hastelloy N合金,辐照温度为500C,剂量分别为:1×10¹⁵、×10¹⁵、1×10¹⁶He⁺/cm²。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究了辐照后块体样品的表面形貌。结果表明,辐照后的块体样品均观察到了表面起泡现象。利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）研究了辐照后TEM样品微结构的变化。结果表明,低剂量(1×10¹⁵ He⁺/cm²)辐照的样品中出现了黑斑缺陷;随着辐照剂量的增加,开始出现位错环及纳米级的氦泡,同时黑斑密度减少;当剂量增至1×10¹⁶He⁺/cm²,位错环以及氦泡的尺寸和密度明显增大,晶界处氦泡更加密集。     

500～700μm直径双层空心微球制备技术研究

采用聚苯乙烯微球臭氧化改性技术和搅拌桨叶轮结构优化技术,提高聚苯乙烯（PS）与聚乙烯醇（PVA）之间的作用强度,优化体系容器内的流场运动环境,制备了500～700 μm直径的PS-PVA双层空心微球,并考察了液滴初始密度与溶剂密度匹配关系对最终PVA涂层均匀性的影响。结果表明,固化温度为37 ℃、溶剂-液滴初始密度差在0.010 g/cm³附近及固化温度为20 ℃、溶剂-液滴初始密度差在0.015～0.020 g/cm³附近能获得较好的PVA壁厚均匀性。     

α/γ相比率调控对超音速等离子喷涂Al2O3阻氚涂层微结构及性能的影响

采用超音速等离子喷涂技术在中国低活化马氏体钢表面制备不同α/γ相比率的Al₂O₃阻氚涂层，研究了α/γ相比率调控对Al₂O₃涂层微观结构、力学性能和耐电化学腐蚀性能的影响。利用掠入射X射线衍射（GIXRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征Al₂O₃涂层的微观结构、粘结拉伸试验法和纳米压痕仪表征涂层的力学性能、动电位极化曲线法测试涂层的耐电化学腐蚀性能。研究结果显示：通过调控特征喷涂参数（CPSP），Al₂O₃涂层中α相含量从78.6%至24.4%可控调节，且孔隙率从2.8%降低至1.5%；α相含量为78.6%的Al₂O₃涂层硬度为(11.500±0.575) GPa，约为高γ相含量(75.6%)涂层的2倍；且高α相含量(78.6%)涂层的腐蚀电流密度较高γ相含量(75.6%)涂层的腐蚀电流密度低1个数量级。以上结果表明，高α相含量(78.6%)的Al₂O₃涂层具有更优异的力学性能、耐电化学腐蚀性能以及耐Cl^-扩散穿透能力，具有应用于聚变堆结构材料表面阻氚涂层的潜能。     

铀表面脉冲偏压MSIP铝镀层的电化学腐蚀行为

采用脉冲偏压磁控溅射离子镀（MSIP）技术在贫铀表面制备铝镀层，利用电化学测试技术、扫描电镜（SEM）及X射线能谱（EDS）对铝镀层在50μg/gCl－水溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为进行研究。结果表明：铝镀层的腐蚀电位－534.8mV高于贫铀的腐蚀电位－641.2mV，它对贫铀是一种阴极性镀层；镀铝贫铀样品的极化电阻和电化学阻抗幅值远大于贫铀，腐蚀电流远小于贫铀，铝镀层对贫铀基体具有良好的防腐蚀性能；镀铝贫铀样品的腐蚀特征为局部腐蚀，并出现镀层破裂、剥落，抗腐蚀性能变差；铝/铀界面伪扩散层具有一定的抗腐蚀能力。     

Mylar膜衬底上的镀膜技术

本文系统地研究了在Mylar膜上通过真空蒸发沉积各种不同材料薄膜的技术,详细讨论了真空蒸发沉积薄膜时使衬底温度升高的蒸发源的辐射热和沉积时的冷凝热,介绍了一种精确控制厚度的方法,分析了静止衬底和转动衬底沉积薄膜的均匀性,探索和总结了在Mylar膜衬底上镀膜过程中防止衬底软化的方法。在12.5 μm厚的Mylar膜上成功沉积了厚度为1 μg/cm²和20 μg/cm²的Sc、Ti等24种物理实验需要的薄膜。最后用X射线荧光分析方法测量了沉积在Mylar膜上的Cu膜和Cr膜的均匀性。结果显示,均匀性优于5%,完全满足物理实验的要求。     

动态膜电解制备四价铀Ⅰ.装置建立及性能测试

以钛涂钌铱网为阳极、钛网为阴极,建立了动态膜电解制备四价铀装置,测试了该装置的性能,比较了使用国产膜和进口膜时的电解性能,同时还探讨了制备过程中各参数的变化。研究结果表明:该装置能在电流密度高达120mA/cm2的情况下稳定运行;隔膜采用贝斯特Nepem-417膜或旭化成Aciplex-F4112膜,对电解结果无显著差异;对于500mL铀质量浓度为199g/L的料液,仅采用72cm2的钛涂钌铱网为阳极、钛网作为阴极,电解180min,四价铀产率可达到93.1%;电解前后阴极料液中肼浓度从0.52mol/L下降为0.30mol/L,酸浓度从2.20mol/L下降为0.70mol/L,槽压在3～3.6V内变动,阴极电解液温度低于45℃(室温28℃)。     

Microstructure and oxidation properties of 16Cr–5Al–ODS steel prepared by sol–gel and spark plasma sintering methods

The 16Cr–5Al oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steel was fabricated by sol–gel method in combination with hydrogen reduction, mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) techniques. The phase characterization, microstructure and oxidation resistance of the 16Cr–5Al–ODS steel were investigated in comparison with the Al free 16Cr–ODS steel. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that the Al free and Al added 16Cr–ODS steels exhibited typical ferritic characteristic structure. The microstructure analysis investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) revealed that Y–Ti–O complexes with particle size of 10–30 nm were formed in the Al free matrix and Y–Al–O complexes with particle size of 20–100 nm were formed in the Al contained high-Cr ODS steel matrix. These complexes are homogeneously distributed in the matrices. The fabricated 16Cr–5Al–ODS steel exhibited superior oxidation resistance compared with the Al free 16Cr–ODS steel and the commercial 304 stainless steel owing to the formation of continuous and dense Al₂O₃ film on the surface.     

Ta离子注入Ti6Al4V合金的抗腐蚀性能

用注量为1.2×1016、3×1016、1.5×1017、3×1017、4.5×1017/cm2的Ta离子对Ti6Al4V合金进行表面改性,加速电压为146.5 keV。Ta离子注入后,用动电位极化曲线研究其抗Hank’s溶液腐蚀性能,用小角掠射X射线衍射研究其表面物相结构,用X射线光电子能谱分析其腐蚀样品的表面元素化合态。结果表明,Ta离子注入改善了Ti6Al4V合金抗Hank’s溶液腐蚀性能,但试样的腐蚀电流密度并非随Ta离子注量增加而单调减小,试样表面合金层、单质Ta和氧化物,共同形成腐蚀阻挡层,提高其抗腐蚀性能。     

Inelastic Scattering of 14MeV Neutrons by Medium Weight Nuclei

Continuous spectra of neutrons inelastically scattered from Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge and As have been measured at an incident energy of 14 MeV with good statistics. Time-of-flight technique was used. In the analyses there were used three sets of inverse-reaction cross section σ_i: (1) calculated with Perey-Buck potential, (2) with Bjorklund-Fernbach potential and (3) cross section assumed to be constant. The inverse-reaction cross section does not affect appreciably the values of nuclear temperature or nuclear level density parameter for these nuclei except Ti, V and Cr. The nuclear temperature was found to be nearly constant in the mass number region of 48–75. The level density parameter as a function of mass number follows the general trend suggested by Newton. Newton's coefficient is found to be 0.092, in agreement with values obtained in other experiments. The total inelastic scattering cross sections are derived.     

The Effects of Al, Cr on the Oxidation Behavior of a Ⅴ-4Ti Alloy

Oxidation experiment was performed in air at elevated temperature for three kindsof vanadium alloys. The features of the oxides and the role of the alloying elements were analyzed.All specimens exhibited a parabolic kinetic behavior of weight gain with the exposure time. Thealloys can't be used in air at the temperature over 700℃, below which, V4Ti3A1 showed a muchlower oxidation rate than the V4Cr4Ti alloy. It was found that A1 in the alloy was segregated tothe specimen surface in the process, and formed into Al2O3 on the surface, hence decreasing theformation of V2 Os. The oxides on the surface were nucleated in a small number density and grewto a large size, giving more protection to the matrix alloy.     

Formation of aluminide coatings by low-temperature heat treatment of Al coating electrodeposited from ionic liquid

In this study, we proposed a two-step approach to prepare aluminide coatings, namely electrodepositing Al from AlCl₃-1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (AlCl₃-EMIC) ionic liquid at room temperature and subsequent heat treatment at low temperature. The adherence of the coating was checked by a simple mechanical scratch test. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies, phase structures and chemical compositions of the coatings after heat treatment were characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), respectively. The deposited Al coatings were in homogenous and controllable thickness with excellent adherence to the substrate. The coatings were brittle Fe₂Al₅ and FeAl₃ phase after 5 min heat treatment at 670 °C, which transformed into ductile FeAl phase after 16 h heat treatment. The advantages of this method in eliminating the brittle Fe₂Al₅, cracks and pores in the aluminide coatings were discussed.     

脉冲偏压对贫铀表面磁控溅射离子镀铝结合强度的影响

采用磁控溅射离子镀技术在不同偏压下于贫铀表面制备铝镀层，用扫描电镜和俄歇电子能谱仪对镀层形貌和界面元素分布进行分析，用拉伸法对镀层的结合强度进行测定。结果表明：在-900V脉冲偏压下所得镀层与铀基体结合良好，镀层与基体之间存在较为明显的“伪扩散区”；与直流偏压相比较，脉冲偏压所得镀层结合强度明显增强，镀层的致密性显著改善。     

Microstructure of Ti5Al2.5Sn and Ti6Al4V deformed in tensile and fatigue tests

The microstructural characterization of two titanium alloys, Ti5Al2.5Sn and Ti6Al4V, was performed. These alloys were selected as representatives of the α and α+β titanium families, to investigate their possible application as structural materials in fusion reactor technology. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy have been used to obtain the relevant features of the microstructure in the as-received state and after mechanical deformation in tensile and fatigue experiments. Deformation modes and defects resulting from the deformation process were analyzed. Deformation occurred in the α phase of both alloys mainly through slip of the basal dislocations in basal, prismatic and pyramidal planes, together with slip in the 〈c+a〉 direction. A layered structure of dislocation loops developed in the α phase after cyclic fatigue tests. Deformation induced a phase transformation, namely a martensitic phase transition, that occurred solely in the β phase present in the Ti6Al4V alloy.     

An improved procedure for radiochemical processing of activated fusion-reactor-relevant V–Cr–Ti alloy

The most promising structural material for both demonstration and commercial fusion reactors with liquid metal coolants is vanadium–chromium–titanium (V–Cr–Ti) alloy. Since its base is expensive and scarce vanadium, it is desirable to return this material into fusion power engineering after the reactor decommissioning. This is feasible only after purification of the V–Cr–Ti alloy from activation products. We have developed extraction technology for reprocessing of the activated V–Cr–Ti alloy. Recycling of the alloy after such a reprocessing does not require shielding against ionizing radiation. The solution of di-2-ethyl-hexyl-phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) in a hydrocarbon thinner was chosen as an extraction solvent. The process flow sheet includes dissolution of the V–Cr–Ti alloy in a nitric acid, titanium extraction from a nitrate solution, vanadium extraction at pH 2.0–2.5 and chromium extraction at pH of 4.2–4.5. In previous studies parameters of the extraction processes were studied at static conditions. Experiments with extraction of vanadium and chromium performed in dynamic conditions have shown that maintenance of the necessary pH in a solution requires use of buffer systems (on basis of formate). Joint extraction of vanadium and chromium with required purification from the main activation products (Co-60 and Eu-152) appeared to be feasible using only one reagent.