亚热带森林岩溶区土壤CO2迁移动态初步研究

贵州茂兰是研究森林覆盖下岩溶表层系统结构特征、运行规律的重要基地.本文初步研究了该地区碳迁移的若干特征 (1) 土壤剖面中CO2浓度变化.秋、冬季土下CO2浓度,50cm处始终高于20 cm处,而在春、夏季土壤剖面中CO2浓度变化幅度大,20cm处的浓度时常高出50cm处. 土下20cm、50cm处CO2浓度在不同季节的变化趋势是夏季(32 833×10-6、 38 666×1 0-6)春季(24 416×10-6,28 800×10-6)秋季(6 450×1 0-6),14 216×10-6＞冬季(3 833×10-6,8 833× -6),土下CO2浓度变化趋势与温度和降雨量有较好的正相关关系.20cm处的CO 2浓度变化与温度的相关系数r＝0.89,与降雨量的相关系数r＝0.70;50cm处的CO 2浓度变化与温度的相关系数r＝0.69, 与降雨量的相关系数r＝0.66.(2)土壤呼吸释放C O2的速率有类似的变化规律夏季为339.68mg.m-2.h-1、为281. 74mg.m-2.h-1、秋季为206.59mg.m-2.h-1、冬季为65.53mg.m-2.h-1.年均排放量为1.96kg.m-2.yr- 1.(3)随水排泄HCO3-1是岩溶表层泉碳迁移的重要组分.表层泉水的H CO3-1浓度的季节变化与气温、月降雨量、土下20cm处CO2浓度存在着负相关,其相关系数r＝-0.57、-0.71和-0.47,而与表层泉水的pH值之间没有显著的相关关系.这与非森林岩溶区的观测结果有一定的差异,内在的机理需要对相关的生物学的指标进一步的研究;(4)野外溶蚀试片的测试结果表明,夏季的岩溶作用强度是春季的2.6倍.     

桂林盘龙洞岩溶表层带土壤CO2浓度的季节变化研究

以桂林盘龙洞岩溶实验场为例,选择岩溶洼地里的坡地和洼地2个样地,通过长期定时监测土壤CO2浓度变化,表明:(1)土壤CO2浓度具有明显的季节性变化特征,夏季(6-8月)土壤CO2浓度是其它时期的2～3倍,并显示与气温、降水和生物活动密切相关;(2)洼地地段土壤CO2浓度比坡地地段要高,尤其夏季时洼地比坡地高近1000mg/m2;(3)在垂直剖面上,大多数的情况下土壤CO2浓度随土壤深度的递增而升高,但在雨季时坡地(-50cm与-80cm处)和洼地(-80cm与-100cm处)的土壤CO2浓度随深度的增加而降低。      

岩溶土壤中CO2浓度、水化学观测及其与岩溶作用关系

本研究选择了具有我国南方岩溶石山地区特点的桂林丫吉村试验场为研究场区,对其岩溶土壤的ＣＯ２浓度变化、岩溶泉水和土壤水水化学指标、石灰岩的溶蚀作用进行了定位长期观测。观测结果显示:（１）土壤ＣＯ２浓度的季节变化在泉水和土壤水水化学上均能反映出来;（２）两个土壤剖面的石灰岩溶蚀试验结果均表明,溶蚀强度随不同土壤深度的ＣＯ２浓度的变化基本是一致的,但土壤水分的差异会造成溶蚀强度的正叠加;（３）两个土壤剖面由于所处小环境、土壤结构和与下垫面灰岩关系不同,使得其中ＣＯ２浓度历月变化特征有一定差异。      

峰丛洼地表层岩溶动力系统季节变化规律

峰丛洼地表层岩溶动力系统与土壤CO₂密切相关.土壤CO₂体积分数变化受气温和降雨影响, 其季节变化特征表现为: 冬季的波谷、夏季的波峰交替出现, 秋季出现次波谷和次波峰.受降雨影响, 表层岩溶动力系统运行强度春、夏季较强, 秋、冬季较弱.从冬至夏, 在土壤CO₂逐渐增多时, 系统溶解、转移碳的能力也逐渐增强.在土壤CO₂和温度双重支配下, 系统由冬季的沉积趋势转为春、夏季的溶解趋势.      

半干旱区岩溶碳汇原位监测方法适宜性研究

选择正确的方法准确计算北方干旱半干旱岩溶区的岩溶碳汇量, 有助于提高我国岩溶碳汇效应估算精度和改进全球碳循环模型。利用水化学径流法和标准溶蚀试片法对山西马跑神泉域的岩溶碳汇量进行了计算, 结果表明, 标准溶蚀试片法计算出的流域碳汇量和碳汇强度为386.15 t/a和1.821 t/(km²·a), 水化学径流法的结果为2 084.08 t/a和9.83 t/(km²·a), 试片法计算结果仅为水化学径流法的1/5。试片溶蚀速率和土壤无机碳质量分数呈负相关关系, 进一步表明土壤无机碳质量分数高(是有机碳质量分数的2.85~5.06倍)是造成试片法计算结果偏小的主要原因:高含量的无机碳在半干旱气候条件下容易沉积, 从而使试片溶蚀速率偏小;流域边界清楚, 水化学和流量易于监测, 利用水化学径流法计算岩溶碳汇强度结果更为准确。因此, 在半干旱地区, 计算岩溶碳汇效应宜采用水化学径流法。     

山西岩溶大泉水文地球化学研究

区域岩溶水文地球化学研究是深入开展岩溶的形成、岩溶水文地质和环境地质工作的基础。本文根据同期资料,全面阐述了山西岩溶大泉水的化学组份含量、水化学类型特征;并采用适合山西岩溶大泉系统的参数和方法,评价岩溶泉水的溶蚀能力和泉域系统的溶蚀量;深入探讨了岩溶水化学组份的成因和水文地球化学特征。      

夏季不同土地利用方式下的溶蚀作用研究——以重庆青木关岩溶槽谷区为例

土壤理化性质会随土地利用方式的不同而产生一系列的变化,从而影响到岩溶作用的方向和强度。通过野外溶蚀试片法,测得重庆青木关典型岩溶槽谷区6种典型土地利用方式下6个测试点夏季绝对溶蚀量和单位面积溶蚀量。结果表明,不同土地利用方式土下溶蚀速率存在显著差异,旱地>退耕林>水田>杉竹混交林>荒草地>竹林。对不同土地利用方式的不同层位溶蚀量进行统计发现:溶蚀速率基本上随深度增加而增大,但差别不大。但同一土地利用方式不同层位之间溶蚀量存在明显差别,差别最大点出现在荒草地,其壤中-20cm处溶蚀量是其表层的4.23倍。另外,各点壤中CO2含量随深度增加而增大,与溶蚀速率的变化总趋势有较好的对应关系。而土壤有机质则均随深度的增加而减少,与溶蚀速率变化总趋势相反,但与地表溶蚀速率基本成正相关。故认为有机质含量对溶蚀速率的作用机制较为复杂。      

亚热带森林岩溶区土壤CO_2迁移动态初步研究

贵州茂兰是研究森林覆盖下岩溶表层系统结构特征、运行规律的重要基地。本文初步研究了该地区碳迁移的若干特征 :(1)土壤剖面中CO2 浓度变化。秋、冬季土下CO2 浓度 ,5 0cm处始终高于 2 0cm处 ,而在春、夏季土壤剖面中CO2 浓度变化幅度大 ,2 0cm处的浓度时常高出5 0cm处。土下 2 0cm、 5 0cm处CO2 浓度在不同季节的变化趋势是夏季 (32 833× 10 - 6、 386 6 6× 10 - 6)春季 (2 4 4 16× 10 - 6,2 880 0× 10 - 6)秋季 (6 4 5 0× 10 - 6) ,142 16× 10 - 6>冬季 (3833× 10 - 6,8833× - 6) ,土下CO2 浓度变化趋势与温度和降雨量有较好的正相关关系。 2 0cm处的CO2 浓度变化与温度的相关系数r =0 89,与降雨量的相关系数r =0 70 ;5 0cm处的CO2 浓度变化与温度的相关系数r =0 6 9,与降雨量的相关系数r =0 6 6。 (2 )土壤呼吸释放CO2 的速率有类似的变化规律 :夏季为 339 6 8mg m- 2 h- 1、为 2 81 74mg m- 2 h- 1、秋季为 2 0 6 5 9mg m- 2 h- 1、冬季为 6 5 5 3mg m- 2 h- 1。年均排放量为 1 96kg m- 2 yr- 1。 (3)随水排泄HCO3 - 1是岩溶表层泉碳迁移的重要组分。表层泉水的HCO3 - 1浓度的季节变化与气温、月降雨量、土下 2 0cm处CO2浓度存在着负相关 ,其相关系数r =- 0 5 7、     

重庆喀斯特山地典型表层岩溶泉水化学分析

表层岩溶泉是储存于表层岩溶带的地下水,为近地面的表层地下水系统,它的普遍分布是西南岩溶峰丛区居民聚集和繁衍的重要条件。本文选取重庆市南川区典型的岩溶峰丛区6个较有代表性的表层岩溶常流泉点,分析表层岩溶泉水化学特征。研究发现：①6个泉点泉水化学类型以HCO3.SO4-Ca型为主,其次为HCO3.SO4-Ca.Mg型,个别为HCO3-Ca型;②常规水化学指标中,受人类活动的影响,各泉点泉水HCO3-含量较高,SO42-和NO3-含量偏高。③各泉点微量金属元素除As和Ba未达地下水质量标准GB/T 14848-1993Ⅰ类水体标准,其余测试指标均符合Ⅰ类水体标准。     

湖南洛塔表层岩溶带水文地质地球化学特征分析

湖南洛塔为西南具有一定代表性的溶丘洼地型岩溶区,本文利用近两年来洛塔水环境监测资料,进行洛塔表层岩溶带的水化学和水温场特征的研究,认为该表层岩溶带的水化学和水温场的特征与气候、生态环境和岩溶含水介质等多种因素明显相关。不同影响因素对表层岩溶水水化学组分的作用有所不同,表层岩溶带岩溶水受气候影响较大,大气降水的降雨强度,直接影响到地下水化学组分含量的大小,总硬度和HCO-3 含量与降雨量呈明显的负相关关系,植被、土壤的覆盖程度与水化学组分含量高低呈正相关性。      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with