粗四氯化钛除钒工艺现状及发展趋势

概述了使用铜丝、有机物、硫化氢和铝粉4种物质除去粗四氯化钛中的杂质钒方法的优缺点,通过比较指出有机物除钒法和铝粉除钒法是较理想的粗四氯化钛除钒方法。最后,对有机物除钒法目前存在的问题及解决方案进行了分析。     

一步法铝粉除钒制取四氯化钛的研发及应用

本文介绍了我国四氯化钛除钒技术情况,介绍了我国一步法铝粉除钒制取四氯化钛工艺在天津渤天化工有限公司的小试、中试及扩大工业性试验的情况,同时介绍了铝粉除钒的基本原理以及与传统铜丝除钒比较的优点,另外简介了国内其他企业对该技术的应用情况。     

铝粉除钒精制四氯化钛工业化试验存在的问题及改进方案

论述了粗四氯化钛铝粉除钒精制四氯化钛的原理及试验历程,对工业化生产试验中存在的问题提出了改进方案。     

粗TiCl4有机物除钒的研究

在粗TiCl4的几种主要除钒方法中,有机物除钒法是一种比较理想的除钒方法.介绍了粗TiCl4除钒的国内外现状,有机物除钒的基本原理,着重从热力学方面和动力学方面对有机物与VOCl3相互作用进行了分析.     

强制循环法粗四氯化钛有机物除钒工艺研究

以有机脂肪酸作为粗四氯化钛除钒试剂,采用强制循环法工艺,通过提高四氯化钛过热器管程内四氯化钛的流速,实现四氯化钛液体对换热器内部的自清洁。结果表明:强制循环法粗四氯化钛有机物除钒工艺能够满足工业化连续生产的要求,可以得到完全满足标准要求的产品。     

铝粉除杂精制四氯化钛新技术获重大突破

近日，攀枝花市运达钛业公司铝粉除杂精制四氯化钛新技术取得重大突破。 四氯化钛精制工艺主要采用铜丝除杂和铝粉除杂两项技术。铝粉除杂比铜丝除杂成本低、污水易处理，国际上主要采用铝粉除杂技术。中国有色金属研究院、贵阳铝镁设计院、天津渤天化工等单位曾开展铝粉除杂技术相关研究，但还未取得突破性进展，国内仍采用铜丝除钒技术。     

粗TiCl4除钒工艺探讨

研究了粗TiCl4除钒的工艺过程，通过试验比较了各种有机物除钒的效果，结果表明矿物油除钒性能优异。1t粗TiCl4加矿物油2～4kg，反应温度135～138℃，反应时间60min，收率大于95％，质量达到企业产品标准要求。     

一步法铝粉除钒精制四氯化钛工艺通过科技鉴定

由北京有色金属研究总院和天津化工厂天泰化工公司共同完成的“一步法铝粉除钒精制四氯化钛工艺技术”通过了中国有色金属工业协会组织的科技成果鉴定。     

粗四氯化钛除钒工艺发展

介绍了海绵钛和钛白生产原料粗四氯化钛的精制工艺．论述了四种工业化除钒方法的发展过程及其原理和工艺条件,并阐述了各种方法的优、缺点。     

金属钒的制备方法综述

金属钒性能特殊,素有“工业味精之称”,在冶金、化工、航空、能源、原子能等领域应用广泛。金属钒属于稀有高熔点活泼金属,其高纯金属制备困难,目前主流的制备方法为铝热还原钒氧化物制备粗钒与粗钒真空熔炼提纯的联合工艺,该法能耗高、钒收率低。基于钒氧化物和钒氯化物的热力学性质,研究者还提出了诸多含钒前驱体还原制备粗钒及粗钒精炼制备高纯钒的方法,具体包括钙热还原、镁热还原、真空碳热还原、硅热还原、碳热还原-氮化热分解、熔盐电解脱氧等粗钒制备方法,及熔盐电解精炼、碘化物热分解、固态电迁移等粗钒精炼方法。本工作对上述粗钒制备及粗钒精炼涉及的十余种方法开展了较全面的综述,论述了这些方法的基本原理、技术特点、效果及问题等,以期为高纯金属钒的新制备技术研发和技术升级提供全面的参考依据。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.