高胆固醇血症小鼠相关基因消减文库的建立

目的构建高胆固醇血症小鼠cDNA消减文库。方法以高胆固醇血症小鼠肝组织的cDNA为Tester,以正常小鼠肝组织的cDNA为Driver,应用抑制消减杂交技术(Suppression subtractive hybridization),构建正向消减文库,反之构建反向消减文库。结果成功构建高胆固醇血症cDNA正、反向消减文库,利用菌落PCR技术鉴定文库的阳性克隆。结论用SSH技术成功构建了高胆固醇血症小鼠差异表达基因消减cDNA文库,该消减cDNA文库的建立为进一步筛选、克隆高胆固醇血症小鼠差异表达的基因奠定了基础。     

血管内皮生长因子反义基因真核表达载体的构建及其对乳腺癌细胞的生长抑制作用

目的构建反义血管内皮生长因子(VEGF165)基因真核表达载体,分析该基因对乳腺癌细胞的生长抑制作用。方法将人VEGF165cDNA反向克隆至pcDNA3真核表达载体中,构建VEGF165反义基因的真核表达载体,转染人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7,观察转染前后MCF-7细胞的VEGF165表达及细胞生长周期。结果所构建的VEGF165反义基因真核表达载体转染MCF-7细胞后,VEGF165表达下降,细胞生存率下降,G1期细胞数量增加,S期细胞数量减少,细胞增殖能力降低。结论成功构建了VEGF165反义基因表达载体,该基因对乳腺癌细胞的生长具有明显的抑制作用。     

旋毛虫新生幼虫DNA结合相关蛋白基因的筛选与分析

目的筛选旋毛虫新生幼虫表达的可与宿主肌细胞染色体DNA结合的相关蛋白基因,寻找旋毛虫侵入及寄生过程中与宿主肌细胞发生结合的相关蛋白,为研究寄生虫与宿主间的信号转导、侵袭及长期寄生机制奠定基础。方法利用噬菌体展示技术构建旋毛虫新生幼虫T7噬菌体展示cDNA文库,用小鼠肌肉染色体DNA对展示文库进行筛选,随机挑选30个阳性克隆,进行PCR鉴定、测序分析和编码蛋白二级结构及翻译后修饰预测。结果旋毛虫新生幼虫T7噬菌体展示cDNA文库的原始文库库容量为2×105pfu,重组率为98%,95%的插入片段长度在250～2000bp之间,扩增后文库滴度为3×1012pfu/ml。对经4轮筛选后的克隆进行PCR鉴定及测序,获得13个基因序列,其中有4个(DN14、DN24、DN9及DN23)为旋毛虫新生幼虫DNA结合相关蛋白基因,分别与旋毛虫未知蛋白及假定ORF11.30、旋毛虫nudix水解酶及血吸虫SJCHGC05997蛋白、秀丽新杆线虫未知蛋白和旋毛虫TGF-β配基具有同源性。经编码蛋白质二级结构及翻译后修饰预测,这4种蛋白可能与旋毛虫包囊形成和寄生虫与宿主间信号转导有关。结论已成功构建了旋毛虫新生幼虫T7噬菌体展示cDNA文库,并利用小鼠肌肉染色体DNA筛选出4个可用于研究旋毛虫包囊形成及与宿主间信号转导机制的候选基因。     

RNA干扰技术对MCF-7细胞Aurora-A基因表达的影响

目的构建针对Aurora-A基因的特异性小干扰RNA(siRNA)真核表达载体,并探讨其对人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7中Aurora-A基因表达的抑制作用。方法将具有短发夹结构的2条DNA序列,经退火形成互补双链,再克隆至载体pGCsi-U6/Neo/GFP中,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,提取质粒进行序列测定。并通过脂质体法转染至MCF-7细胞中,48h后观察转染效率,并采用RT-PCR及Westernblot法检测siRNA对MCF-7细胞Aurora-A基因mRNA及蛋白表达的影响。结果测序鉴定证实目的寡核苷酸片段已被克隆至pGCsi-U6/Neo/GFP载体中,Aurora-A-siRNA质粒转染MCF-7细胞48h后转染效率约为60%,与对照组比较,Aurora-A-siRNA质粒转染的细胞Aurora-A基因mRNA和蛋白的表达均明显下降。结论已成功构建了Aurora-A-siRNA真核表达质粒,其能明显抑制MCF-7细胞Aurora-A基因的表达,为进一步研究Aurora-A基因的功能奠定了基础,并可能为肿瘤的生物学治疗提供新的方法。     

FABP7基因真核表达载体的构建及其对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖的影响

目的构建脑脂肪酸结合蛋白(BLBP/B-FABP,FABP7)基因的真核表达载体,并检测其对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖的影响。方法采用逆转录方法从星型细胞瘤组织中扩增FABP7基因,双酶切后插入线性化的pcDNA3.1载体真核启动子下游,构建重组真核表达载体,转染人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7后,采用半定量RT-PCR检测FABP7基因mRNA的表达,MTT法检测细胞的增殖活性、流式细胞术检测细胞的周期变化情况,并对细胞进行计数。结果FABP7基因重组真核表达质粒经双酶切及测序鉴定证明构建正确,转染MCF-7细胞后48、72和96h,pcDNA3.1-FABP7组的细胞数和细胞的A490值均比pcDNA3.1空质粒组明显降低,G1期细胞百分含量均明显升高。结论已成功构建了FABP7基因的真核表达载体,该载体可抑制人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的增殖。     

植物乳杆菌差异表达基因的筛选

目的筛选具有高血管紧张素转换酶(angiotensin-converting enzyme,ACE)抑制活性的植物乳杆菌的差异表达基因片段。方法利用抑制性消减杂交(suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)技术筛选植物乳杆菌差异表达基因片段,构建双向消减文库,用DNAMAN软件比较差异序列,确定差异序列数目及其同源性,用NCBI BLAST软件分析单个差异序列。结果筛选出112个阳性克隆,最终通过对52个阳性菌株测序,获得10条不同序列的差异片段,与已知Lactobacillus plantarum基因组序列高度同源,分别与酶蛋白、膜蛋白及能量运输有关。结论构建了植物乳杆菌ACE抑制酶活消减文库,为进一步研究植物乳杆菌产ACE抑制肽通路机制奠定了理论基础。     

人源抗菌肽LL-37/hCAP-18真核表达载体的构建及其在人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7中的表达

目的构建人源抗菌肽LL-37/hCAP-18的真核表达载体,并在人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7中进行表达。方法以重组质粒pcDNA4.0-LL-37为模板,采用PCR法扩增LL-37/hCAP-18基因,连入pEGFP-c1质粒,构建真核表达载体pEGFP-c1-LL-37,瞬时转染人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7,采用激光共聚焦显微镜观察重组质粒的转染效率,RT-PCR法检测目的基因的表达。结果所构建的抗菌肽LL-37/hCAP-18真核表达载体经双酶切和测序证明构建正确,在瞬时转染MCF-7细胞48h后,目的基因转染效率较高,约为40%,RT-PCR结果显示,重组质粒转染的细胞可扩增出339bp的目的基因条带。结论已成功构建了人源抗菌肽LL-37/hCAP-18的真核表达载体,并在人乳腺癌细胞中获得表达,为进一步研究其抗肿瘤作用奠定了基础。     

青蒿素对乳腺癌细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及其作用机制

目的探究青蒿素(artemisinin,ART)对乳腺癌细胞(MDA-MB-231和MCF-7)增殖、凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法实验分为对照组(加入1μL/mL DMSO)和ART处理组(加入终浓度为300μmol/L的ART)。ART作用48 h后,采用平板克隆试验检测乳腺癌细胞与乳腺上皮细胞(MCF-10A)的克隆形成能力,免疫荧光染色法检测细胞增殖标记Ki-67蛋白的表达,流式细胞术分析3种细胞的凋亡变化,RT-qPCR检测乳腺癌细胞中DNMTs家族与抑癌基因FHIT、CDH1、PTEN等的表达变化,Western blot分析BAX、BCL-2、DNMT1和DNMT3A蛋白的表达水平,亚硫酸氢盐测序法分析FHIT和CDH1基因的甲基化水平。结果 ART显著抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖,并诱导乳腺癌细胞的凋亡(P 0. 01),同时对正常人上皮细胞有明显的诱导凋亡作用(P 0. 01);ART抑制DNMT1的表达,促进DNMT3A的表达(P 0. 05);ART处理乳腺癌细胞后,抑癌基因FHIT和CDH1的甲基化水平降低,表达水平增加。结论 ART通过改变DNMT1和DNMT3A的表达,降低某些抑癌基因如FHIT、CDH1的甲基化水平,促进这些抑癌基因的表达,从而发挥抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖与诱导凋亡的作用。此外,ART用于乳腺癌治疗的安全性需进一步评估。     

旋毛虫与肝癌细胞相关基因CK-1的原核表达及鉴定

目的原核表达旋毛虫与肝癌细胞相关基因CK-1,并进行鉴定。方法以旋毛虫cDNA为模板,PCR扩增CK-1基因,克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a(+)中,构建重组表达质粒pET-28a-CK-1,转化感受态大肠埃希菌(E.coli)BL21(DE3),IPTG分别诱导表达3、4、5 h,表达产物进行12%SDS-PAGE分析。以纯化的旋毛虫肌幼虫免疫小鼠制备鼠抗旋毛虫肌幼虫阳性血清,以H7402细胞免疫小鼠制备鼠抗H7402全细胞蛋白阳性血清,以重组CK-1蛋白免疫小鼠制备鼠抗CK-1蛋白阳性血清,分别以其作为一抗,进行Western blot鉴定。结果重组表达质粒pET-28a(+)-CK-1经双酶切及测序鉴定证明构建正确;IPTG最佳诱导时间为4 h,表达的重组CK-1蛋白以包涵体形式存在,表达量占菌体总蛋白的37.5%;重组CK-1蛋白可被鼠抗旋毛虫肌幼虫阳性血清和鼠抗H7402全细胞蛋白阳性血清识别,鼠抗CK-1蛋白阳性血清可识别旋毛虫肌幼虫蛋白和H7402全细胞蛋白,在相对分子质量38 500处均可见特异性条带,表明重组CK-1蛋白是一个交叉抗原,且具有良好的反应原性。结论原核表达了旋毛虫CK-1基因,为进一步研究旋毛虫的抗肿瘤效应奠定了基础。     

Kozak序列对TIMP1基因在人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7中表达的影响

目的探讨Kozak序列对基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂1(TIMP1)基因在人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7中表达的影响。方法构建pcDNA3.1-TIMP1和pcDNA3.1-TIMP1-K(含有Kozak序列)重组真核表达质粒,用FugeneHD转染试剂将重组表达质粒转染MCF-7细胞,采用荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测pcDNA3.1-TIMP1和pcDNA3.1-TIMP1-K在MCF-7细胞中表达的差异。结果重组真核表达质粒经PCR、双酶切及测序鉴定,证明构建正确。质粒pcDNA3.1-TIMP1-K转染细胞比空白对照细胞TIMP1基因mRNA表达量高约0.95倍,蛋白表达量高0.43倍;而质粒pcDNA3.1-TIMP1转染细胞比空白对照细胞mRNA表达量高0.37倍,蛋白表达量高0.25倍。结论质粒pcDNA3.1-TIMP1-K与pcDNA3.1-TIMP1在MCF-7细胞中mRNA和蛋白表达水平均存在差异,Kozak序列提高了TIMP1基因的表达。     

Knockdown of UbcH10 Enhances the Chemosensitivity of Dual Drug Resistant Breast Cancer Cells to Epirubicin and Docetaxel

Breast cancer is one of the most common and lethal cancers in women. As a hub gene involved in a diversity of tumors, the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme H10 (UbcH10), may also play some roles in the genesis and development of breast cancer. In the current study, we found that the expression of UbcH10 was up-regulated in some breast cancer tissues and five cell lines. We established a dual drug resistant cell line MCF-7/EPB (epirubicin)/TXT (docetaxel) and a lentiviral system expressing UbcH10 shRNA to investigate the effects of UbcH10 knockdown on the chemosensitivity of MCF-7/EPB/TXT cells to epirubicin and docetaxel. The knockdown of UbcH10 inhibited the proliferation of both MCF-7 and MCF-7/EPB/TXT cells, due to the G1 phase arrest in cell cycle. Furthermore, UbcH10 knockdown increased the sensitivity of MCF-7/EPB/TXT cells to epirubicin and docetaxel and promoted the apoptosis induced by these two drugs. Protein detection showed that, in addition to inhibiting the expression of Ki67 and cyclin D1, UbcH10 RNAi also impaired the increased BCL-2 and MDR-1 expression levels in MCF-7/EPB/TXT cells, which may contribute to abating the drug resistance in the breast cancer cells. Our research in the current study demonstrated that up-regulation of UbcH10 was involved in breast cancer and its knockdown can inhibit the growth of cancer cells and increase the chemosensitivity of the dual drug resistant breast cancer cells to epirubicin and docetaxel, suggesting that UbcH10 may be a promising target for the therapy of breast cancer.     

Tocotrienol-rich fraction from palm oil affects gene expression in tumors resulting from MCF-7 cell inoculation in athymic mice

It has recently been shown that tocotrienols are the components of vitamin E responsible for inhibiting the growth of human breast cancer cells in vitro, through an estrogen-independent mechanism. Although tocotrienols act on cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and can induce programmed cell death, no specific gene regulation has yet been identified. To investigate the molecular basis of the effect of tocotrienols, we injected MCF-7 breast cancer cells into athymic nude mice. Mice were fed orally with 1 mg/d of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) for 20 wk. At end of the 20 wk, there was a significant delay in the onset, incidence, and size of the tumors in nude mice supplemented with TRF compared with the controls. At autopsy, the tumor tissue was excised and analyzed for gene expression by means of a cDNA array technique. Thirty out of 1176 genes were significantly affected. Ten genes were down-regulated and 20 genes up-regulated with respect to untreated animals, and some genes in particular were involved in regulating the immune system and its function. The expression of the interferon-inducible transmembrane protein-1 gene was significantly up-regulated in tumors excised from TRF-treated animals compared with control mice. Within the group of genes related to the immune system, we also found that the CD59 glycoprotein precursor gene was up-regulated. Among the functional class of intracellular transducers/effectors/modulators, the c-myc gene was significantly down-regulated in tumors by TRF treatment. Our observations indicate that TRF supplementation significantly and specifically affects MCF-7 cell response after tumor formation in vivo and therefore the host immune function. The observed effect on gene expression is possibly exerted independently from the antioxidant activity typical of this family of molecules.     

肺癌抑癌基因1对鼻咽癌细胞株HNE-1增殖与侵袭能力的影响

目的探讨肺癌抑癌基因1(Tumor suppressor in lung cancer 1,TSLC1)对鼻咽癌细胞株HNE-1增殖与侵袭能力的影响。方法采用RT-PCR法从乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7中扩增TSLC1基因全长编码区序列,构建重组真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1-TSLC1,转染HNE-1细胞,RT-PCR及Western blot检测TSLC1基因mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。MTT和Transwell小室试验检测TSLC1基因过表达对HNE-1细胞增殖及侵袭能力的影响。结果重组表达质粒pcDNA3.1-TSLC1经双酶切及测序证明构建正确;稳定转染重组表达质粒的HNE-1细胞中TSLC1基因出现过表达;TSLC1基因过表达可显著抑制HNE-1细胞的增殖与侵袭能力。结论 TSLC1基因过表达对HNE-1细胞增殖与侵袭能力具有明显的抑制作用,为鼻咽癌的基因治疗提供了理想的分子靶点。     

MMP1 and MMP11 Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells upon Their Interaction with Breast Cancer Cells and Fibroblasts

Tumor-infiltrating immune cells phenotype is associated with tumor progression. However, little is known about the phenotype of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from breast cancer patients. We investigated MMP1 and MMP11 expression in PBMC from breast cancer patients and we analyzed gene expression changes upon their interaction with cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). We measured the impact of PBMC on proinflammatory gene expression in breast cancer cells, normal fibroblast (NF), and CAF and the impact on proliferation and invasiveness capacity of breast cancer cells. Gene expression of MMP1 and MMP11 in PBMC from breast cancer patients (n = 54) and control (n = 28); expression of IL1A, IL6, IL17, IFNβ, and NFĸB in breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231); and, additionally, IL10 and MMP11 in CAF and NF were analyzed by qRT-PCR before and after co-culture. Our results show the existence of a subpopulation of breast cancer patients (25.9%) with very high levels of MMP11 gene expression in PBMC. Also, gene expression of MMP1 and MMP11 increases in PBMC after co-culture with breast cancer cell lines, NF or CAF. PBMC from healthy or breast cancer patients induce an increased proliferation rate on MCF-7 and an increased invasiveness capacity of MDA-MB-231. Finally, we show a differential expression profile of inflammatory genes in NF and CAF when co-cultured with control or breast cancer PBMC. We have observed that MMPs’ expression in PBMC is regulated by the microenvironment, while the expression of inflammatory genes in NF or CAF is differentially regulated by PBMC. These findings confirm the importance of the crosstalk between stromal cells and suggest that PBMC would play a role in promoting aggressive tumor behavior.     

Vitamin D Compounds PRI-2191 and PRI-2205 Enhance Anastrozole Activity in Human Breast Cancer Models

1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol, the hormonally active vitamin D₃ metabolite, is known to exhibit therapeutic effects against breast cancer, mainly by lowering the expression of estrogen receptors and aromatase activity. Previously, the safety of the vitamin D active metabolite (24R)-1,24-dihydroxycholecalciferol (PRI-2191) and 1,25(OH)₂D₃ analog PRI-2205 was tested, and the in vitro activity of these analogs against different cancer cell lines was studied. We determined the effect of the two vitamin D compounds on anastrozole (An) activity against breast cancer based on antiproliferative activity, ELISA, flow cytometry, enzyme inhibition potency, PCR, and xenograft study. Both the vitamin D active metabolite and synthetic analog regulated the growth of not only estrogen receptor-positive cells (T47D and MCF-7, in vitro and in vivo), but also hormone-independent cancer cells such as SKBR-3 (HER-2-positive) and MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative), despite their relatively low VDR expression. Combined with An, PRI-2191 and PRI-2205 significantly inhibited the tumor growth of MCF-7 cells. Potentiation of the antitumor activity in combined treatment of MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice is related to the reduced activity of aromatase by both An (enzyme inhibition) and vitamin D compounds (switched off/decreased aromatase gene expression, decreased expression of other genes related to estrogen signaling) and by regulation of the expression of the estrogen receptor ERα and VDR.     

Synergistic Effect of Combinatorial Treatment with Curcumin and Mitomycin C on the Induction of Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells: A cDNA Microarray Analysis

In order to explore the synergistic mechanisms of combinatorial treatment using curcumin and mitomycin C (MMC) for breast cancer, MCF-7 breast cancer xenografts were conducted to observe the synergistic effect of combinatorial treatment using curcumin and MMC at various dosages. The synergistic mechanisms of combinatorial treatment using curcumin and MMC on the inhibition of tumor growth were explored by differential gene expression profile, gene ontology (GO), ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) and Signal–Net network analysis. The expression levels of selected genes identified by cDNA microarray expression profiling were validated by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. Effect of combinatorial treatment on the inhibition of cell growth was observed by MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometric analysis and Hoechst 33258 staining. The combinatorial treatment of 100 mg/kg curcumin and 1.5 mg/kg MMC revealed synergistic inhibition on tumor growth. Among 1501 differentially expressed genes, the expression of 25 genes exhibited an obvious change and a significant difference in 27 signal pathways was observed (p < 0.05). In addition, Mapk1 (ERK) and Mapk14 (MAPK p38) had more cross-interactions with other genes and revealed an increase in expression by 8.14- and 11.84-fold, respectively during the combinatorial treatment by curcumin and MMC when compared with the control. Moreover, curcumin can synergistically improve tumoricidal effect of MMC in another human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Apoptosis was significantly induced by the combinatorial treatment (p < 0.05) and significantly inhibited by ERK inhibitor (PD98059) in MCF-7 cells (p < 0.05). The synergistic effect of combinatorial treatment by curcumin and MMC on the induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells may be via the ERK pathway.