蒺藜总皂苷对心肌缺血再灌注损伤炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β释放的影响

目的观察蒺藜总皂苷（GSTT）对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤（MI／R）炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β释放的影响。方法可逆性冠脉左前降支结扎缺血45min再灌注2h复制MI／R模型，入选SD雄性大鼠32只，随机分成假手术组、模型组、GSTT大剂量组、GSTT小剂量组，每组8只。放免法检测血清TNF-α、IL-1β含量。结果GSTT大剂量组TNF-α、IL-1β含量显著降低（P〈0．05）。结论GSTT对MI／R有保护作用，可抑制炎症损伤，减少炎性因子TNF-α、IL-1β的释放。     

转化生长因子活酶激酶抑制剂减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤的研究

目的：探讨转化生长因子活酶激酶抑制剂TAK1抑制剂5Z-7-oxozeaenol对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法：线栓法制备大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型。健康雄性SD大鼠36只（250~320g）,随机分为6组：假手术组、缺血组、溶剂组和5Z-7-oxozeaenol低剂量、中剂量和高剂量组。再灌注24h后进行神经功能评分（NBS）,TI＇C染色测定梗死面积,TUNEL染色检测神经细胞凋亡,并检测大鼠脑组织匀浆中SOD、MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β变化。结果：与缺血组相比,5Z-7-oxozeaenol高剂量组脑梗死容积明显减少,神经行为学评分提高,缺血半暗区神经细胞凋亡数减少（P〈0.05）,SOD活性明显升高,MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β含量明显降低（P〈0.05）。结论：转化生长因子活酶激酶抑制剂对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与抑制TAK1活化、抑制细胞凋亡有关。     

积雪草酸对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用研究

目的研究积雪草酸对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其可能机制。方法Wistar♂大鼠随机分为6组：积雪草酸低、中、高剂量组（50、100、200mg·kg^-1·d^-1）,阳性对照杏灵颗粒组（300mg·kg^-1·d^-1）,模型组和假手术组;大鼠灌胃给药,1次/d,连续7d,末次给药60min后采用线栓法制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,缺血2h再灌注24h后对大鼠神经功能进行评分,并测定脑梗死体积、脑含水量、脑组织中白细胞介素-β（IL-β）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的含量。结果与模型组相比,积雪草酸能够显著降低脑梗死体积和脑含水量,减少脑组织中的IL-1β和TNF-α含量（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）。结论积雪草酸对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤具有显著的保护作用,其机制可能与降低脑组织中的IL-1β和TNF-α含量有关。     

糖原合成酶激酶-3β抑制剂对肝热缺血再灌注损伤的保护

目的：研究糖原合成酶激酶-3β（GSK-3β）抑制剂TDZD-8对大鼠肝脏热缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法：将大鼠随机分为4组：A组（假手术＋空白对照）、B组（假手术＋TDZD-8）、C组（I／R＋空白对照）和D组（I／R＋TDZD-8,实验组）。通过肝门阻断30min建立大鼠缺血再灌注模型,分别于再灌注后2、12h,每组各选取8只大鼠,测定血清ALT、AST含量,行肝组织形态学检测;TUNEL检测肝细胞凋亡,计算凋亡指数（AI）;采用实时定量PCR方法检测肝Bcl-2mRNA转录水平。结果：预先给予TDZD-8组在缺血再灌注期各时相点肝组织结构受损相应较轻,血清ALT、AST含量及凋亡指数均较低（P〈0．05）;Bcl-2mRNA则显著上升。结论：GSK-3β抑制剂可显著减轻肝脏缺血再灌注损伤程度,上调肝脏Bcl-2mRNA转录,抑制肝细胞凋亡。     

氢气预处理及后处理对大鼠肠缺血/再灌注认知功能的影响

目的 观察氢气(H2)预处理及后处理对肠缺血/再灌注(I/R)大鼠认知功能的影响,并探讨相关机制.方法 将SD大鼠64只随机分为4组(n=16):假手术(Sham)组、肠缺血/再灌注(I/R)组、H2预处理(Pre)组和H2后处理(Post)组.夹闭肠系膜上动脉(SMA) 90 min再灌注方法制备大鼠肠I/R模型.Pre组及Post组分别于造模前或再灌注后吸入2％氢气3h.用Morris水迷宫评定大鼠认知功能;检测海马白细胞介素(IL)-1β IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、活性氧(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性.结果 与Sham组比较,I/R组、Pre组和Post组大鼠潜伏期延长,穿越平台次数及平台象限停留时间减少;IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、ROS、MDA含量增加,SOD活性降低(P＜ 0.05或P＜0.01).与I/R组比较,Pre组和Post组潜伏期缩短,穿越平台次数及平台象限停留时间增加;IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、ROS、MDA含量降低,SOD活性增加(P＜0.01),但Pre组和Post组之间差异未见统计学意义.结论 氢气预处理及后处理能同等地改善肠缺血/再灌注(I/R)大鼠认知功能的变化,机制可能与抑制神经炎症反应,减轻氧化应激损伤有关.     

纳洛酮对缺血／再灌注损伤心肌炎症介质生成的影响

目的本研究通过家兔心肌缺血再灌注动物模型观察纳洛酮对心肌缺血／再灌注损伤中白细胞介素-8（IL-8）及血栓素B2／6-酮-前列腺素F1α变化的影响。方法30只新西兰大白兔随机分为再灌注组（10只），结扎冠状动脉左前降支1h／开放4．5h；纳洛酮组（10只），于结扎同时静脉注射纳洛酮0．4mg·kg^-1；假手术组（10只）。测缺血／再灌注组和治疗组再灌注4．5h缺血区心肌IL-8含量及各组动脉结扎前及再灌注4．5h后的血清IL-8含量及血栓素B2、6-酮．前列腺素F1α含量。结果再灌注后，再灌注组缺血区心肌组织及血清IL-8含量明显升高，显著高于纳洛酮组和假手术组（P〈0．01）；再灌注组血浆血栓素B2含量及血栓素B2／6-酮-前列腺素F1α比值显著高于纳洛酮组和假手术组（P〈0．01）。结论纳洛酮可以抑制家兔心肌缺血／再灌注后炎症介质IL-8及血栓素B2的升高。     

加味生脉散对大鼠缺血再灌注肾脏损伤的保护作用

目的：观察加味生脉散对大鼠缺血再灌注肾脏损伤的保护作用。方法：双侧肾动脉夹闭45min，再灌注24h，造成大鼠缺血再灌注肾脏损伤模型。分别测定加味生脉散治疗组、病理模型组、假手术组大鼠血尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Cr）、组织中髓过氧物酶（MPO）和丙二醛（MDA）浓度，并进行组织病理学检查。结果：与病理模型组相比，加味生脉散治疗组的缺血再灌注大鼠血尿素氮下降42．8％（P=0．024），血清肌酐下降55．9％（P=0．011）；肾脏组织MPO及MDA含量明显降低（P＜0．01）；组织病理学改变明显减轻（P＜0．05）。结论：加味生脉散可减轻缺血再灌注引起的肾脏损伤，其机制与降低缺血再灌注有关的自由基损伤和炎性损伤有关。     

缺血预处理对大鼠移植胰缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用和机制

目的：探讨缺血预处理（IPC）对大鼠移植胰缺血再灌注（I／R）损伤的影响，并分析其中可能的机制。方法：糖尿病大鼠随机分为缺血再灌注组（I／R组，／n=6）和缺血预处理组（IPC组，n=18），IPC组又根据不同方法分为3个亚组：IPC3、IPC2和IPC3（n均=6）组，检测各组再灌注前及再灌注后血糖；再灌注后2h血清中TNF-α和NO的含量、胰腺组织中SOD、MPO和MDA含量。结果：①再灌注后IPC组相对于I／R组血糖低；②再灌注后IPC组较I／R组血清中TNF-α含量高、NO含量低；③再灌注后IPC组较I／R组胰腺组织中SOD含量高，MDA和MPO含量低。结论：①IPC对大鼠移植胰的VR损伤具有保护作用，机制可能是提高SOD的活性、增加内源性NO的合成、减少TNF-α的生成和减轻PMNs的粘附与聚集；②缺血5min再灌注5min2次是最佳的移植胰IPC诱导办法。     

高渗盐液对肾缺血再灌注损伤的预防作用

目的:探讨高渗盐液对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的预防作用.方法:将56只清洁健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(S组,n=8)、单纯缺血再灌注组(IR组,n=24)和高渗盐液预处理组(H组,n=24),IR组和H组又分别再分为3个亚组,每个时相点各8只,观察肾脏缺血45 min再灌注4、6、12 h后血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素10(IL-10)水平及肾小管损伤评分(Paller's scoring)的改变.结果:H组各时相点血清BUN、Cr、TNF-α和Paller评分显著低于IR组,而血清IL-10水平明显高于IR组(P＜0.05).结论:高渗盐水通过抑制TNF-α的表达,并增加IL-10的产生,对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤产生预防作用.     

脑缺血再灌注的炎症损伤分子机制及吲哚美辛的保护作用

目的 研究大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注炎症损伤的分子机制,并观察吲哚美辛对脑缺血再灌注炎症损伤的保护作用.方法 36只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,吲哚美辛3、6、9mg/kg组,每组6～8只.应用线栓法制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,缺血2h再灌注24h后处死动物,以TTC染色法测定脑梗死范围和神经功能缺损情况,并分别采用ELISA、Western blot法检测脑组织中IL-8、IL-1β、TNF-α、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)含量以及细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)、E选择素(E-selectin)的表达.结果 吲哚美辛能明显减小模型大鼠的脑梗死范围,减轻神经损伤症状;预先给予吲哚美辛(6、9mg/kg)可降低脑组织中MPO活性及IL-8、IL-1β、TNF-α的水平,并减少ICAM-1、E-selectin的表达(P＜0.05或0.01).结论 吲哚美辛可通过抑制脑缺血再灌注过程中炎症介质的表达和释放,降低脑缺血再灌注所致的炎症损伤.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

人体中的镭-226、镭-228、钋-210、铅-210

本文报道了广东阳江高本底地区6名、对照地区8名人尸体的骨²²⁶Ra、²²⁶Ra的浓度以及部分居民内脏器官中。²¹⁰Po、²¹⁰Pb的浓度。结果轰明阳江高本底地区和对照地区居民骨镭-226、镭-228的浓度分别为29.9pCi/kg, 26.9pCi/kgl 8.7pCi/kg, 8.2pCi/kg.由此估算出阳江高本底地区屠民骨中²²⁶Ra、²²⁸Ra的负薄璧及对骨衬、骨髓所产生的剂量当量分别为对照地区民民的3.4倍, 3.3倍。两地区居民内脏器官中^{210Po、210Pb的测定分析铡数较少但仍看出, 高本底地区均明显高于对照地区.}     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).