高强度军事训练对人体微量元素水平的影响

目的探讨高强度军事训练对人体体内钙、锌、镁、铁、铜5种微量元素变化的影响。方法采用LK98B型微量元素自动分析仪,取指血测量5种微量元素含量。结果末梢指血中微量元素的测定结果显示,高强度军事训练对人体微量元素的含量有显著影响。训练后末梢指血中,Zn2+、Mg2+、Fe2+含量以及Cu2+/Zn2+均明显低于训练前,分别为(106.70±26.84)μmol/L、(1.56±0.60)mmol/L、(221.18±38.57)μmol/L和0.15±0.04(P<0.05);Cu2+、Ca2+也有一定程度降低,为(16.53±6.78)μmol/L、(2.19±0.29)mmol/L,但其显著性低于Zn2+、Mg2+、Fe2+。结论高强度军事训练对人体微量元素水平有显著影响;适当补充微量元素对恢复体力,完成训练任务有重要意义。     

脑梗死与幽门螺杆菌感染的相关性研究

目的探讨脑梗死患者与血清幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染的相关性。方法应用放免测定法测定80例患者和50例正常对照者的血清Hp感染情况。结果脑梗死患者的血清Hp感染率明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。结论脑梗死与Hp感染密切相关。     

幽门螺杆菌相关性胃疾病血清PG测定及意义

为研究血清胃蛋白酶原 (pepsinogen,PG)亚群 (PG 、PG )含量与幽门螺杆菌 (Helicobacter pylori,Hp)相关性胃疾病的关系 ,选取体检健康者 3 0例 (对照组 )和疾病组 14 4例 (实验组 ) ,其中慢性浅表性胃炎 47例 ,慢性萎缩性胃炎 3 5例 ,胃溃疡 40例 ,胃癌 2 2例。采用快速尿素酶试验 (RUT)及病理切片法检测幽门螺杆菌感染 ,采用放射免疫法 (RIA)检测血清胃蛋白酶原含量 ,旨在研究胃相关性疾病患者以上指标的变化情况。结果显示 ,RUT法检测幽门螺杆菌阳性率 (79.17% )高于病理切片法 (4 0 .2 8% ) ,两者有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1) ;幽门螺杆菌在慢性浅表性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎及胃溃疡患者中有较高的阳性率 ,胃癌组患者 Hp感染率低于胃炎及胃溃疡组 ;在血清 PG含量检测中 ,胃癌组低于对照组、浅表性胃炎组及胃溃疡组 (P<0 .0 1) ,胃癌组 PG /PG 比值低于对照组及浅表性胃炎组 (P<0 .0 1) ,Hp(+ )组 PG 、PG 含量均高于 Hp(-)组。     

病理检测胃癌与胃溃疡患者中幽门螺杆菌的结果及临床分析

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌感染与胃癌与胃溃疡发病的联系。方法于我院随机选取2012年1月至2013年11月收治的100例经胃镜及病理诊断为胃癌,100例胃溃疡及100例胃镜检查无明显异常的患者,分析其感染Hp的情况。结果胃癌组、胃溃疡组Hp感染率均明显高于对照组,胃癌组中早期胃癌及进展期胃癌Up的感染率明显高于对照组,非贲门部胃癌患者Hp的感染率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 Hp的感染与胃癌、胃溃疡的发生有密切联系,临床上应早期诊断发现Hp的感染,以及早治疗。     

四联疗法根治幽门螺杆菌感染对肝硬化患者血氨的影响

目的观察幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染的四联根治疗法对肝硬化患者胃液氨及血氨浓度的影响。方法将确诊Hp感染的肝硬化患者52例,予质子泵抑制剂、甲硝唑、阿莫西林、次枸橼酸胶体铋治疗,疗程7d。对照组46例除不用上述药物外,其他护肝及对症疗法与治疗组相同。结果治疗组A级及B级肝功能患者的胃液氨浓度[(26.8±2.6)和(40.4±4.1)μmol/L]和血氨浓度[(67.3±2.1)和(71.3±4.0)μmol/L]明显下降(P<0.05),C级肝功能患者的胃液氨浓度[(48.6±1.8)μmol/L]和血氨浓度[(96.2±3.9)μmol/L]则无明显下降(P>0.05),对照组则无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论Hp感染的四联根治疗法可明显降低A级及B级肝功能肝硬化患者的胃液氨及血氨浓度,对预防肝性脑病的发生具有一定作用。     

胃癌手术患者微量元素变化意义

本文对50例胃癌患者微量元素进行观察并探讨其临床意义,用原子吸收光谱检测胃癌患者术前和术后血液中 Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Mg、Mn 结果表明Fe、Cu 术后明显降低,Zn、Ca 术后明显增高(P<0.01)。胃癌患者术前,术后微量元素的观察对于治疗和康复有一定意义。     

反复呼吸道感染患儿微量元素变化情况研究

目的:观察与分析反复呼吸道感染患儿微量元素的变化情况。方法:选取2010年1月至2012年12月于本院诊治的53例反复呼吸道感染患儿为观察组,以同期53名健康儿童为对照组,对2组儿童的末梢血的铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)及铁(Fe)水平进行检测和比较,并将反复上呼吸道感染、反复下呼吸道感染及不同严重程度患儿的上述微量元素水平进行比较。结果:观察组的血清Cu、Cu/Zn的均值均高于对照组(P<0.05),Zn、Ca及Fe的均值低于对照组(P<0.05),观察组中重度患儿的变化大于中度及轻度患儿(P<0.05),而2组之间的血清Mg的均值无显著性差异(P>0.05),且反复上呼吸道感染、反复下呼吸道感染患儿之间的均值也无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:反复呼吸道感染患儿血清微量元素变化较明显,且不同严重程度者间也存在明显差异。     

检测血清尿素水平评估慢性肝炎病情

目的检测慢性肝病患者血清尿素(Urea)水平的变化,探讨其在评估慢性肝炎病情中的意义。方法采用连续监测法测定186例(分5组)慢性肝病患者及40例正常人血清Urea水平,同时测定肝功能指标,进行比较分析。结果正常对照组血清Urea水平为5.01±0.68mmol/L,慢性肝炎轻度患者为4.90±0.76mmol/L、中度患者为4.14±0.81mmol/L、重度患者为4.09±0.69mmol/L。慢性肝炎中度及重度患者血清Urea水平明显低于正常对照组(t=4.635、3.819,P<0.01)和慢性肝炎轻度患者(t=2.818、2.093,P<0.01、P<0.05)。肝硬化代偿组患者Urea(4.88±1.24mmol/L)与正常对照组比较无显著性变化(t=0.559,P>0.05),但肝硬化失代偿组患者Urea水平(6.08±2.67mmol/L)明显高于正常对照组(t=2.446,P<0.05)。结论慢性肝炎患者血清Urea水平降低,且随着病情的加重呈进行性下降,血清Urea测定可作为慢性肝炎肝脏受损的一项指标,同时对慢性肝炎病情的估计有一定价值。     

幽门螺杆菌相关性疾病血清抗Hp IgG IgM和IL-8含量的检测及意义

目的研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与慢性胃炎;胃、十二指肠球部溃疡;冠心病;酒糟鼻的关系.方法以金标免疫斑点法(金标法)检测血清抗Hp抗体,用放射免疫法检测血清白细胞介素-8(IL-8)浓度.结果 Hp感染阳性慢性胃炎组86.3%,胃溃疡组87.5%,十二指肠球部溃疡组90.7%,冠心病组85.9%,酒糟鼻组91.3%;Hp感染阴性组血清IL-8浓度为0.52±0.04ng/ml,慢性胃炎抗Hp IgG(+)组为0.74± 0.23ng/ml、IgG(+)IgM(+)组0.86±0.15ng/ml、胃、十二指肠球部溃疡抗Hp IgG(+)组1.11±0.32ng/ml、 IgG(+)IgM(+)组1.22±0.28ng/ml、冠心病抗Hp IgG(+)组0.85±0.22ng/ml、IgG(+)IgM(+)组1.12+0.22ng/ml组间差异有显著意义(P＜0.01).结论 Hp感染可引起多种胃肠道疾病,同时与一些胃肠道外疾病密切相关,Hp感染与血清IL-8水平呈正相关,在基层医院可广泛开展金标法检测血清Hp抗体,明确Hp感染,若同时检测血清IL-8浓度,可协同诊断Hp感染并判断Hp根治情况.     

浙江省舟山地区上消化道疾病患者幽门螺杆菌感染情况的调查分析

目的：调查分析舟山地区不同年龄上消化道疾病患者幽门螺杆菌（ Hp ）感染率。方法收集舟山市妇幼保健院2009-2011年胃镜检查的上消化道疾病患者共1918例的临床资料,按年龄分为青年组582例、中年组958例、老年组378例,进行回顾性分组分析,统计各种上消化道疾病患者的Hp感染率。结果上消化道疾病患者Hp 感染率：慢性胃炎26．28％（395/1503）,胃溃疡47．56％（78/164）,十二指肠溃疡53.47％（77/144）,复合溃疡71．01％（49/69）,胃癌21．43％（3/14）,胃癌术后吻合口炎16．67％（4/24）;其中胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡患者Hp感染率明显高于另外三种疾病,慢性胃炎与胃溃疡患者Hp感染率之间差异有统计学意义（χ2＝32．9,P＜0．05）。老年组上消化道疾病患者感染幽门螺杆菌比率29．10％（110/378）、中年组33.61％（322/958）、青年组29．90％（174/582）,幽门螺杆菌感染率各年龄组差异无统计学意义（ P＞0.05）。慢性胃炎患者三组Hp感染率相仿;胃、十二指肠溃疡、复合溃疡患者,青、中年组Hp感染率高于老年组;胃癌患者Hp感染率老年组高于青、中年组;胃癌术后吻合口炎患者Hp感染率,中、老年组高于青年组;但差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0．05）。结论上消化道疾病与Hp感染关系密切,临床应积极防治。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.