45例乳腺癌中HSG和EGF的表达及其关系的研究

[目的] 研究增殖抑制基因(HSG)和表皮生长因子(EGF)蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其相关性.[方法] 应用免疫组织化学的方法来检测 HSG、EGF 蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的表达,并以正常乳腺组织和乳腺纤维腺瘤组织作为对照.[结果] HSG 主要在细胞浆中表达,在乳腺癌组织中 HSG 的表达率明显低于乳腺纤维腺瘤组织和正常乳腺组织(P＜0.05),而在乳腺纤维腺瘤组织和正常乳腺组织中的表达率无明显差异(P＞0.05).EGF 主要在胞浆中表达,其在乳腺癌组织中的表达率明显高于乳腺纤维腺瘤组织和正常乳腺组织(P＜0.05),在乳腺纤维腺瘤组织和正常乳腺组织中的表达无明显差异(P＞0.05).乳腺癌组织中 HSG 和 EGF 的表达与淋巴结转移和病理组织学分级相关.其中在有淋巴结转移组和分化差的乳腺癌中 HSG 的表达明显下降(P＜0.05),而 EGF 却表达明显升高(P＜0.05).[结论] HSG 可能具有抑制乳腺癌的发生和淋巴转移的功能,而 EGF 可能有促进作用,两者表达呈现负相关性.     

Keap1在乳腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义

[目的]探讨Keap1在乳腺癌组织中的表达.[方法]选取2013年1月至2015年12月在武汉市武昌医院肿瘤科收治的原发乳腺肿瘤患者,其中病理诊断为乳腺癌80例(乳腺癌组)和乳腺良性肿瘤300例(乳腺良性肿瘤组),两组都进行Keap1的免疫组化分析与临床资料的调查分析.[结果]乳腺癌组的Keap1阳性表达率为70.0％,乳腺良性肿瘤组为7.8％,乳腺癌组的Keap1阳性表达率明显高于乳腺良性肿瘤组(P＜0.05).在80例乳腺癌患者中,Keap1的阳性表达与患者的病理类型、临床分期、淋巴结转移情况等有相关性(P＜0.05).多元回归Logistic分析结果显示,临床分期、淋巴结转移与病理类型是影响乳腺癌患者Keap1阳性表达的主要独立危险因素(P＜0.05).[结论] Keap1在乳腺癌组织中呈现高表达,且与患者的临床分期、淋巴结转移与病理类型明显相关,参与乳腺癌的发生与发展.     

Survivin及P-糖蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:探讨抗凋亡蛋白Survivin及多药耐药的P-糖蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其意义.方法:应用免疫组化方法检测217例乳腺癌及52例乳腺纤维瘤中Survivin蛋白和p-糖蛋白的表达,比较Survivin 蛋白和p-糖蛋白表达的差异、分析乳腺癌临床病理学指标(包括:病理类型、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、TNM分期、组织学分级等)与Survivin蛋白和p-糖蛋白表达的关系,并进行生存分析.结果:乳腺纤维腺瘤中Survivin蛋白和p-糖蛋白的阳性率分别为13.46％和9.62％,乳腺癌中Survivin蛋白和p-糖蛋白的阳性表达率分别为76.04％和73.27％,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);相关性分析表明:Survivin抑凋亡蛋白及p-糖蛋白表达具有弱正相关性(P＜0.05).Survivin与TNM分期、淋巴结转移、组织学分级正相关;p-糖蛋白与组织学分级正相关(P＜0.05).Survivin蛋白阳性与p-糖蛋白阳性患者的平均生存时间分别与Survivin 蛋白阴性、p-糖蛋白阴性的差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:Survivin蛋白与P-糖蛋白在乳腺癌组织中呈现高表达,且两者表达均与组织学分级正相关,影响患者生存时间,Survivin蛋白及p-糖蛋白表达具有弱正相关性.     

Survivin、Endoglin蛋白表达与乳腺癌血管生成

目的:探讨乳腺癌中Survivin,Endoglin蛋白表达与乳腺癌血管生成的相关性.方法:通过免疫组化EnVision法,检测Survivin,Endoglin在100例乳腺癌组织、30例乳腺增生组织、56例正常乳腺组织中的表达.结果:Survivin在正常乳腺组织、乳腺增生组织及乳腺癌组织中的阳性率分别为3.6%、6.7%、76.0%,后者的阳性率明显高于前两者(P＜0.005);Survivin表达在有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌中明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Survivin蛋白的表达在乳腺癌高、中、低分化组织中依次上调,低分化、中分化乳腺癌组织中阳性率较高分化显著升高,差异有显著性(P＜0.01);Endoglin在正常乳腺组织、乳腺增生组织及乳腺癌组织中的阳性率分别为0、3.33%、53.0%,后者的阳性率明显高于前两者(P＜0.05);Endoglin在有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌中表达明显升高(P＜0.05);Survivin、Endoglin表达阳性组中MVD均显著高于表达阴性组(P＜0.05);Survivin表达与Endoglin表达呈显著正相关(P＜0.05).结论:Survivin与Endoglin在乳腺癌组织中表达上调,二者在乳腺癌的发生发展及肿瘤血管生成过程中发挥协同作用.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌组织Livin和Caspase-3蛋白表达及其相关性研究

目的:探讨细胞凋亡相关因子Livin和Caspase-3在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及相关性.方法:应用免疫组织化学SP法检测70例乳腺浸润性导管癌、20例乳腺增生和10例乳腺癌旁组织(距癌组织≥4 cm,组织学结构正常)标本中Livin、Caspase-3的表达情况,探讨两者的相关性及其与临床病理因素的关系.结果:Livin蛋白在癌组织中的阳性表达率为64.3％,高于乳腺增生和乳腺癌旁组织的25.0％和10.0％( P＜0.05);Caspase-3蛋白在癌组织中的阳性表达率为45.7％,明显低于乳腺增生和乳腺癌旁组织中的75.0％和80.0％(P＜0.05);Livin蛋白与Caspase-3蛋白表达呈负相关,P＜0.05.Livin蛋白的阳性表达率随着临床分期增加显著升高(P＜0.05),但与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、组织学分级、淋巴结转移无关,P＞0.05.Caspase-3蛋白的表达随着临床分期的增加其阳性表达率下降(P＜0.05),与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、组织学分级和淋巴结转移无关,P＞0.05.在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Livin蛋白与ER、PR表达负相关(P＜0.05),与c-erbB-2的表达无相关性,P＞ 0.05.Caspase-3蛋白与ER、PR表达显著正相关(P＜0.05),与c-erbB-2表达无相关性,P＞0.05.结论:Livin在乳腺癌的发生发展中发挥重要促进作用,可能成为乳腺浸润性导管癌诊断中的标志,并有望成为乳腺癌治疗的新靶点.Caspase-3在Livin抗凋亡通路中发挥着重要作用.     

乳腺癌组织中P27蛋白和血管内皮生长因子的表达及意义

目的探讨乳腺癌组织中P27蛋白和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达意义,及其与乳腺癌病理类型的相关性。方法分析2010年5月至2013年9月接受手术治疗的60例乳腺癌患者(乳腺癌组织)的临床资料和病理标本,另选取30例正常乳腺组织标本作为对照(正常乳腺组织)。比较乳腺癌组织和正常乳腺组织中P27蛋白和VEGF的阳性表达率,以及P27蛋白和VEGF表达水平与病理类型的相关性。结果乳腺癌组织中VEGF的阳性表达率高于正常乳腺组织(P<0.01),而P27蛋白的阳性表达率明显低于正常乳腺组织(P<0.01)。不同病理类型标本中P27蛋白(P=0.76)和VEGF的阳性表达率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论乳腺癌组织中VEGF水平显著高于正常乳腺组织,P27蛋白表达水平显著下降,且P27蛋白和VEGF的表达与乳腺癌病理分型无关。     

AIB1在乳腺良、恶性病变组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨乳腺良、恶性组织中乳腺癌扩增性抗原1 (amplified in breast cancer 1,AIB1)蛋白的表达与临床意义.方法 采用免疫组织化学方法检测120例乳腺癌组织、40例良性乳腺病变、20例癌旁正常乳腺组织中AIB1的表达,并探讨该蛋白与乳腺癌患者的肿瘤大小、组织学分级、淋巴结有无转移及基因分型等的关系.结果 乳腺癌组织中AIB1过表达(40.0％)显著高于正常乳腺组织(10.0％)和乳腺良性病变组织(15.0％)(P＜0.05).在乳腺癌组织中,组织分级Ⅲ级组的过表达率(62.0％)显著高于Ⅰ级组(10.5％)和Ⅱ级组(29.4％)(P＜0.05)).腋淋巴结转移组中的过表达率(53.8％)显著高于淋巴结无转移组(14.3％)(P＜0.05).乳腺癌组织中,AIB1蛋白表达率在ER阳性组(45.2％)、阴性组(27.8％)间的差异无统计学意义(P =0.0741),PR阳性组(42.9％)、阴性组(34.9％)间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.393),而HER2阳性组的AIB1过表达率(51.5％)显著高于阴性组(25.0％)(P＜0.05).乳腺癌组AIB1蛋白的阳性表达率与乳腺癌不同基因分型亚型明显相关(P＜0.05).结论 乳腺癌中AIB1过表达与乳腺癌的发生、发展及肿瘤的恶性程度密切相关,AIB1蛋白高表达可能提示临床预后不良.     

Survivin在乳腺癌中的表达及其与Caspase-3、PCNA表达的关系

目的探讨Survivin在乳腺癌发生、发展中的作用及其与Caspase-3蛋白表达和细胞增殖的相互关系.方法用免疫组化S-P法检测Survivin在正常乳腺组织(10例)、乳腺囊性增生组织(18例)、不典型增生组织(20例)和乳腺癌组织(50例)中的表达以及Caspase-3、PCNA在乳腺癌组织中的表达.结果Survivin蛋白在正常乳腺组织无表达,在乳腺囊性增生组织、不典型增生组织、乳腺癌组织中的阳性率分别为5.6%(1/18)、45.0%(9/20)、72.0%(36/50),差异有显著性(P＜0.05).Survivin蛋白的表达与临床分期和淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.05),与年龄、是否绝经、肿瘤大小和组织学分级均无关.Survivin与Caspase-3的表达呈负相关(P＜0.01).Survivin蛋白表达阳性的乳腺癌PCNA的标记指数明显高于Survivin蛋白表达阴性的乳腺癌细胞PCNA的标记指数(P＜0.01).结论Survivin蛋白在乳腺癌中表达上调,提示其通过抑制凋亡在乳腺癌发生、发展中起重要作用,可能成为乳腺癌基因治疗的新靶点.Survivin通过与激活的Caspase-3结合,抑制其活性,从而阻止细胞凋亡.Survivin不仅参与凋亡的调控,还促进了细胞增殖.     

Survivin在乳腺癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨Survivin在乳腺癌中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化检测Survivin在女性乳腺癌组织、乳腺增生组织及纤维瘤旁正常乳腺组织中的表达。结果 Survivin在女性乳腺癌组织、乳腺增生组织的阳性表达率分别为76.3%、25.0%,而在纤维瘤旁正常乳腺组织中不表达,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);女性乳腺癌中Survivin阳性表达率与TNM分期有关(P<0.05),而与病理类型无关(P>0.05)。结论 Survivin蛋白的过表达对女性乳腺癌的发生、发展有重要意义。     

食管癌组织KLF4和Survivin蛋白表达及其相关性研究

目的:通过对KLF4和Survivin蛋白在食管癌中表达的研究,结合临床病理特征,探讨KLF4和Survivin的临床意义及相关性.方法:应用免疫组织化学SP法检测85例食管癌组织及正常食管黏膜中KLF4和Survivin的表达.结果:KLF4在癌旁正常黏膜阳性表达率为89.4％,食管癌组织为42.3％(P＜0.05).低、中高分化癌的阳性表达率差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05;有、无淋巴结转移者的阳性表达率分别为30.4％和56.4％(P＜0.05);与肿瘤WHO临床分期之间有统计学意义,P＜0.05.随着临床分期等级的增加,KLF4表达呈现递减趋势;与患者的性别、年龄无关(P＞0.05).Survivin在食管癌组织的阳性表达率为53.0％,癌旁正常黏膜为7.1％(P＜0.05);低、中高分化癌的阳性表达率无统计学意义,P＞0.05;有、无淋巴结转移者的阳性表达率分别为65.2％和38.4％(P＜0.05);其表达与肿瘤的临床分期差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05,与患者的性别、年龄无关(P＞0.05).Survivin和KLF4在食管癌中的表达呈负相关(r=-0.337,P＜0.01).结论:KLF4低表达及Survivin的过表达与食管癌的发生及其生物学行为密切相关,可作为食管癌诊断及分期预后的客观指标.     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and risk for esophageal and head and neck cancers

Alcoholic beverages are causally related to cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde and then to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), both of which have genetic polymorphisms. A review of case-control studies of the effects of ALDH2, ADH2 and ADH3 genotypes shows consistently positive associations between inactive heterozygous ALDH2 and the less-active ADH2 genotypes and the risk for esophageal cancer in East Asian heavy drinkers and this enzyme-related vulnerability may extend to light-to-moderate drinkers. Some studies suggest similar associations with the risk for head and neck cancer in moderate-to-heavy-drinking Japanese. An established carcinogen in experimental animals, acetaldehyde can interact with human DNA. ALDH2-associated cancer susceptibility fits into a scenario in which acetaldehyde plays a critical role in the development of human cancer. Alcohol flushing and drinking behavior may partly explain this carcinogenic effect in carriers of less-active ADH2 genotypes. Whether the ADH3 genotype influences head and neck cancer risk in Western nations is controversial. Professional and public education about risky conditions connected to the ALDH2 and ADH2 genotypes and environmental factors is important in a new strategic approach to the prevention of alcohol-related cancers in East Asians. The use of simple tests to identify inactive ALDH2 on the basis of alcohol flushing responses could benefit many people, by helping them to identify their own cancer risks. Such testing could also help clinicians diagnose esophageal cancer earlier, through the use of endoscopic screening in the high-risk population.     

Religiosity and Physical and Emotional Functioning Among African American and White Colorectal and Lung Cancer Patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.