花青素明胶复合膜的制备及表征

采用流延法制备了花青素明胶复合膜,并研究了膜层结构及性能。结果表明:花青素没有改变明胶的半结晶性,红外图谱中也没有出现新的吸收峰。膜层表面平整,无明显凹坑、凸起。不同花青素明胶膜的含水率不同。添加花青素对复合膜透光率影响较小。玫瑰花青素明胶复合膜力学性能最优、抗氧化活性最强,玫瑰茄花青素明胶复合膜具有良好的pH智能响应性。     

支撑层结构对PTFE-PDMS复合膜渗透汽化性能的影响

以不同结构的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)平板膜为支撑层、聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为活性层,通过表面涂覆方法制备PTFE-PDMS复合膜,并用于渗透汽化过程,以实现乙醇-水混合溶液的分离;研究了支撑层结构及制膜参数对其分离性能的影响。结果表明,支撑层结构对复合膜分离因子几乎无影响,对孔径大孔隙率高的支撑层,制膜时,PDMS聚合物向支撑层中渗入过多会使复合膜的渗透通量降低。PDMS聚合物向支撑层渗透形成的过渡层是复合膜传质阻力的重要部分,且过渡层厚,复合膜的耐溶胀性好。综合考虑渗透通量及分离因子,复合膜优化制备条件是交联剂正硅酸乙酯的质量分数4%,交联温度80℃,交联时间为5 h。     

基于纯硅沸石修饰层的钯复合膜制备方法研究

以大孔α-Al_2O_3陶瓷管(平均孔径为3μm)为载体,采用水热合成法在其表面形成一层纯硅沸石(Silicalite-1)修饰层,利用化学镀法在经过纯硅沸石修饰后的载体表面成功制备出致密钯复合膜,钯膜厚度约为5 μm.利用SEM对复合膜的结构和形貌进行了分析,并在350～500℃范围内对基于纯硅沸石修饰层的钯复合膜进行气体渗透测试表明,该沸石层修饰法制备的钯复合膜具有良好的氢渗透性.在500℃时,氧气渗透通量可达为0.12mol/(m~2·s),理想气体分离因子α(H_2/N_2)达到420.并对该钯膜与在载体表面直接制备的钯复合膜性能的差异进行了讨论.     

高聚物/陶瓷复合膜的制备及性能表征

采用聚合 热解法修饰陶瓷基膜和浸涂法制备高聚物 /陶瓷复合膜 ,通过正交设计考察膜制备过程的各种影响因素 ,并制备出了完整无缺陷的硅橡胶 /陶瓷复合膜和PPESK/陶瓷复合膜 ,其O2 /N2 分离系数皆达到了纯高聚物膜的本征分离系数 .实验结果表明复合膜有良好的热稳定性 ,为在较高温度环境下的气体分离及膜反应等的应用准备了条件 .     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Y2O3稳定ZrO2陶瓷微弧氧化封孔层

为了提高铝合金微弧氧化后的表面耐腐蚀性能,采用溶胶-凝胶法配合深紫外光化学处理法在铝合金微弧氧化膜层表面制备Y₂O₃稳定ZrO₂陶瓷封孔膜。用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、浸泡试验和电化学测试等分析手段表征其成分、相结构和表面形貌,研究复合膜层的耐蚀性。结果表明：深紫外辐照能够在较低的温度下制备出结合力好且致密的ZrO₂溶胶凝胶封孔膜,复合膜层的主要相组成为ZrO₂,与没有封孔的微弧氧化膜层相比,腐蚀电流I₀提高4个数量级,腐蚀电位E_o明显向正向移动,移动幅度为0.283,表明封孔后的涂层耐蚀性显著提高。     

用于反渗透复合膜的海绵状结构支撑膜制备研究

通过调节铸膜液中聚砜浓度和非溶剂含量,浸没沉淀法制备海绵状结构的支撑膜,并在支撑膜上界面聚合制备聚酰胺反渗透复合膜。分别对支撑膜及反渗透复合膜的结构和性能进行表征,考察聚砜浓度对支撑膜结构和性能的影响,以及不同结构支撑膜对反渗透复合膜结构和性能的影响。结果显示,随着聚砜浓度的增加,支撑膜表面孔径和孔隙率下降,断面结构变致密,耐压性增强。在不同支撑膜上制备的反渗透复合膜具有不同的通量和脱盐率。综合考虑支撑膜及反渗透复合膜的性能,以聚砜浓度为15%制备的海绵状结构支撑膜更适于作为制备反渗透复合膜的支撑层。     

中性介质铝表面无机非金属膜层的电化学沉积Ⅰ无机非金属膜层的制备

在由成膜促进剂、络合成膜剂和某些金属含氧酸盐组成的中性电解液中,对铝进行高压阳极氧化,铝表面可沉积一层具有陶瓷光泽的无机非金属膜层。该膜层具有较高的硬度和耐酸碱性能,膜层颜色随金属含氧酸盐不同而改变。     

MMA-粉煤灰漂珠体系凝胶注模成型制备陶瓷复合膜研究

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为有机单体,粉煤灰漂珠为骨料,采用非水基凝胶注模成型技术在支撑体表面制备膜层。主要考察了单体添加量对膜层的影响及烧结温度对陶瓷复合膜性能的影响。研究结果表明:混合浆料中MMA预聚液的质量分数为50%时,其黏度为1019.4m Pa·s,可以在支撑体表面聚合成膜。当烧结温度从950℃升高至1100℃,膜层的孔隙率下降,抗弯强度随之增强,耐酸碱腐蚀性大幅提升;复合膜的纯水通量和平均孔径显著下降,且提高烧结温度使孔径分布变窄。在1050℃下烧结2h,可以得到抗弯强度为38.2 MPa,平均孔径为0.86μm的陶瓷复合膜,其纯水通量为1061.9 L·m~(-2)·h~(-1),对聚乙二醇20000和分散大红染料分子的截留率分别达到31.7%和47.2%(0.2MPa)。     

铜滤膜基环丙沙星分子印迹复合膜的制备、吸附性能及表面增强拉曼散射活性研究

为实现环丙沙星的快速识别，制备了可以选择性吸附环丙沙星的具有表面增强拉曼活性的铜滤膜基分子印迹复合膜。以环丙沙星为模板分子，铜滤膜为基膜，甲基丙烯酸为功能单体，乙二醇二甲基丙酸酯为交联剂，偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂，甲醇、二氯甲烷的混合溶剂为反应溶剂和致孔剂，通过自由基聚合制备了分子印迹复合膜。红外光谱表征膜的结构，显微镜表征膜的形貌。对膜的吸附性能和表面增强拉曼散射活性进行了系统研究。复合膜为一层白色、连续、均匀的薄膜，表面光滑无裂纹。120 min左右膜对环丙沙星的吸附达到平衡，最大吸附量为8.11μg/cm²,至少可以重复使用6次，印迹因子为4.0。膜具有表面增强拉曼散射活性，对环丙沙星检测的最低浓度为1.00×10^-8 mol/L。     

利用融盐热析出反应进行陶瓷材料表面改性的研究

本文系统地研究了利用融盐热析出反应进行陶瓷材料表面改性及制备复合材料的机理和工艺。利用热析出反应在氮化硅、氮化铝表面上成功的制备了２￣８μｍ厚度的钛、锆金属膜、该金属膜与陶瓷基体结合牢固。与金属有良好的浸润性。本文还系统的研究了反应温度，反应物浓度、反应物浓度、反应时间对陶瓷表面金属膜厚度的影响，研究了反应动力学机理，及表面层的组成。     

凹凸棒石复合分离膜的研究进展

凹凸棒石（ATP）是一种廉价易得的天然粘土矿物，具有比表面积大、阳离子交换容量高、表面官能团丰富等特点，通过不同的方法改性，可以与各种基膜结合形成复合膜。综述了ATP复合分离膜的不同制备方法，比较了其优缺点；总结了ATP添加量对复合膜拉伸强度、杨氏模量、断裂伸长率等力学性能的影响，进而介绍了ATP复合分离膜在CO2分离、重金属分离、染料分离、油水分离等方面的应用，并分析了其分离机理。最后展望了ATP复合分离膜的面临挑战和研究方向。     

自蔓延高温合成法制备金属—陶瓷复合材料

本文就自蔓延高温合成技术（ＳＨＳ）在制备金属－陶瓷复合材料方面的进展进行了回顾，对ＳＨＳ技术用于制备金属－陶瓷块体复合材料，梯度功能材料（ＦａＭ），金属－陶瓷复合管，金属－陶瓷的焊接工艺原理以及金属材料的陶瓷涂层进行了探讨。     

陶瓷纤维复合微滤膜制备工艺及性能表征

主要描述了陶瓷纤维复合微滤膜的制备工艺及性能表征,其中主要包括陶瓷纤维的选择、可控长径比的陶瓷纤维制备及分散工艺、陶瓷纤维膜支撑体的制备、膜组分配方及各组分配比对材料性能的影响、陶瓷纤维膜的真空抽滤成型工艺及各工艺参数对膜材料性能的影响等.     

The fracture properties of metal-ceramic composites manufactured via stereolithography

In this work, metal-ceramic composite parts based on aluminum and alumina were manufactured in a two-stage process. First, silica was printed using a vat photopolymerization technique, followed by a curing and sintering stage, which resulted in ceramic precursors. Subsequently, these samples were subjected to a metal infiltration process to form interpenetrating metal-ceramic composites (IPCs). These composites have attracted considerable attention in the aerospace and defense sector due to the ductility associated to the metal phase and the strength offered by the ceramics. A novel application with utility includes composite tooling which requires a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) for high temperatures. The investigated specimens were tested for surface quality and shrinkage, followed by a mechanical characterization. It was recorded that the samples presented a 12%–18% of shrinkage after the sintering process. The mechanical testing showed that the hardness, compression, and flexural strength of the composites were superior to the printed and sintered ceramics. A thermal analysis on the composite showed that its CTE is more than two times lower than the common composite tooling materials. It is expected that the present work can provide the foundations for further studies on these systems in the refractory, automotive, and armor-based fields.     

片状陶瓷膜润湿动力学的测试

通过对液体在片状陶瓷膜孔内润湿速率的测量,研究了Al2O3、ZrO2、TiO2膜和复合陶瓷膜的润湿性。将陶瓷膜的润湿动力学曲线划分为五个阶段,水被选作参比溶剂：同时,通过修正的Washbum法计算得到异丁醇、甲苯和四种陶瓷膜的相对润湿接触角,它显示出几种材料均具有较强的亲水性。     

Effect of surface roughness and mass transfer enhancement on the performance characteristics of nickel-hypophosphite electroless plating baths for metal–ceramic composite membrane fabrication

Mass transfer enhanced electroless plating is a relatively new concept in the field of metal–ceramic composite membrane fabrication. In this article, we present the effect of substrate surface roughness along with various mass transfer enhancement techniques such as solution stirring, membrane stirring and sonication on metal conversion, plating efficiency, thickness, and percent pore densification using electroless plating of nickel on a porous disk shaped ceramic support with a nominal pore size of 700 nm. The plating characteristics were investigated for three different roughness values, stirrer speeds (0–300 rpm) and a loading ratio (defined as membrane area per unit volume of plating solution) value of 196 cm²/L. It was evaluated that stirring as well as sonication had a profound effect on sodium hypophosphite based electroless nickel baths. This led to a reduction in average membrane pore size by 100 nm for stirring and 130 nm for sonication when compared to the base case. Surface roughness was observed to influence the metal deposition characteristics for base case without mass transfer enhancement. Sonication, irrespective of surface roughness, provided the maximum values of selective conversion, densification and membrane thickness along with acceptable values of plating efficiency.     

纳米TiO_2复合膜光催化和膜分离的耦合作用

以微孔陶瓷管为载体,采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)辅助的溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2复合超滤膜。以1 g/L聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为料液(目标污染物),以膜截留率及膜通量为实验参数,研究了复合膜的光催化-膜分离耦合作用,耦合时的膜通量较单一膜分离的膜通量提高了60%;以0.5 g/L牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为模拟天然大分子料液,采用无光照料液过膜-紫外光照清水过膜的交替间歇运行方法,膜通量可恢复60%以上。     

陶瓷支撑的有机复合膜及其在渗透汽化中的应用(英文)

Pervaporation(PV),as an environmental friendly and energy-saving separation technology,has been received increasing attention in recent years.This article reviews the preparation and application of macroporous ceramic-supported polymer composite pervaporation membranes.The separation materials of polymer/ceramic composite membranes presented here include hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) and hydrophilic poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA),chitosan(CS) and polyelectrolytes.The effects of ceramic support treatment,polymer solution properties,interfacial adhesion and incorporating or blending modification on the membrane structure and PV performance are discussed.Two in-situ characterization methods developed for polymer/ceramic composite membranes are also covered in the discussion.The applications of these composite membranes in pervaporation process are summarized as well,which contain the bio-fuels recovery,gasoline desulfuration and PV coupled proc-ess using PDMS/ceramic composite membrane,and dehydration of alcohols and esters using ceramic-supported PVA or PVA-CS composite membrane.Finally,a brief conclusion remark on polymer/ceramic composite mem-branes is given and possible future research is outlined.     

聚乙烯醇陶瓷复合膜的制备与性能研究

以大孔径廉价的陶瓷粗滤膜（SiO2）作为基质膜，以亲水性的聚乙烯醇为原料、戊二醛作交联剂，采用涂敷的方法制备了聚乙烯醇陶瓷复合膜。考察了基质膜的孔径大小、聚乙烯醇的浓度、交联时间等对复合膜性能的影响。在膜反应器中膜通量的变化及有机污染物的去除效果表明：复合膜具有较好的耐污染特，陛及较高的COD去除率。