酚醛纤维织物热湿舒适性的灰色聚类分析

为了解酚醛纤维织物的热湿舒适性,将酚醛纤维织物应用于消防领域,以酚醛纤维织物及消防服常用的阻燃棉布、芳纶1313 织物、聚酰亚胺织物为研究对象,对隔热性、保温性、透湿性、透气性和输水性这5 个指标进行测试,研究相同面密度的不同种类织物的热湿舒适性。利用灰色聚类分析理论对5 个指标进行聚类分析,对这4 种织物在不同环境下的热湿舒适性能做了综合评价。结果表明：在高温条件下,酚醛纤维织物具有较好的热湿舒适性,聚酰亚胺织物与阻燃棉布次之,芳纶1313 织物最差;在低温条件下,酚醛纤维织物也具有良好的热湿舒适性,聚酰亚胺织物次之,芳纶1313 物与阻燃棉布最差。     

牛奶蛋白纤维混纺针织物热湿舒适性能

 为研究牛奶蛋白纤维织物的服用性能,采用以牛奶蛋白纤维、棉、coolmax纤维为原料的7种不同混纺比的针织物为研究对象,对织物的保暖性、透湿性、透气性、吸湿性等指标进行测试分析,进而研究不同纤维含量织物的热湿舒适性能。利用灰色聚类分析评价系统,分别对不同环境下针织物的热湿舒适性进行综合评价。研究结果显示：含牛奶蛋白纤维的织物具有较好的保暖性及湿传导性;在夏季环境中,随牛奶蛋白纤维含量的增加,混纺织物的热湿舒适性能越好;冬季环境中,牛奶蛋白纤维含量的变化对织物热湿舒适性能影响不显著。     

服用纺织品接触热舒适性及其评价

阐述了服用纺织品接触热舒适性的意义及接触热舒适性领域研究的主要内容。介绍了接触热舒适性的两个描述指标,即织物的热吸收能力和通过纺织品的最大瞬态热流量,在对两个描述指标进行对比分析的基础上,推荐通过织物的最大瞬态热流量做为接触热舒适性描述指标。     

不同季节服用织物热湿舒适性能评价体系

依据前人的研究成果,建立了织物热湿舒适性综合评价体系。该评价体系从人的主观舒适感觉出发,推导和优选出体现人体主观热湿舒适感觉的7种织物客观热湿舒适性性能指标,建立了新的指标体系。通过对性能指标的分析,采用模糊综合评判的方法建立不同季节服用织物热湿舒适性的综合评判模型。该模型主要应用于对成品的舒适性的评判及服装企业进行面料选择。     

纤维性能对服装穿着舒适性的影响

综述了纤维性能与服用织物舒适性的关系，介绍了新型纤维的发展对服用织物穿着舒适性的改善和提高。     

改善夏季真丝服装面料热湿舒适性研究

分析了影响织物热湿舒适性的因素，阐述了改善真丝织物热湿舒适性的方法，设计出了提高真丝织物热湿舒适性的新型面料。     

消防服用织物湿态热防护性能的测试与分析

研究消防服用织物湿态下的热防护性能.选用消防服常用的5种外层织物、1种防水透气层、1种隔热层和4种舒适层织物组合成不同试样.利用热防护性能仪测试外层、舒适层和多层织物试样不同湿态条件下的热能值(kTPP值),并根据水分的不同渗透方向,分析和比较多层织物的热防护性能.结果 表明:含水率的增加能提高各试样的kTPP值,有益于防护服热防护性能的提高;含水率对单层织物的热防护性能的影响大于多层织物;从外层方向加湿的试样,其热防护性能优于从舒适层方向加湿的试样.     

织物的热湿舒适性探讨

本文从影响服装穿着舒适性的基本因素一织物的热,湿,透气性能着手,探讨了织物热湿舒适性的机理,并表明了冬夏季服装热湿舒适性内在原因及其选择,从而达到人体的舒适感觉。     

涤纶/长绒棉/汉麻织物的热舒适性研究

选用8种不同混纺比、不同纺纱方式的涤棉麻混纺薄型织物,对其热舒适性进行研究。采用美国西北公司的热阻湿阻仪,利用恒温恒湿箱控制,设计了11种温湿度条件,模拟织物在不同穿着环境下的热传导性能。目的是为了得到不同混纺比和不同纺纱方式织物的热阻值差异以及涤棉麻混纺织物的热舒适使用条件。结果表明,外界温湿度、原料混纺比及纺纱方式4个因素中,混纺比对织物热阻影响较小,而纺纱方式的影响最大;不论在怎样环境下,赛络菲尔纺织物总是比赛络纺织物热阻小,表现更凉爽;温度高于20℃,相对湿度低于70%环境下,涤棉麻混纺织物热阻值小且稳定,使用舒适。     

再生竹纤维织物热湿舒适性能的分析

通过再生竹纤维织物的设计和热湿舒适性能的指标测试及结果分析，得出导热性、吸湿性、透湿性和透气性是衡量夏季织物舒适性的重要因素。在与棉纤维织物热湿舒适性能对比分析的基础上，肯定了再生竹纤维织物具有导热透气、凉爽快干的优良特性。     

不同热导介质干燥对绿茶品质成分及感官的影响

目的:研究空气、金属、波能量三种热导介质对绿茶品质成分及感官的影响。方法:基于氨基酸分析仪、高效液相色谱仪、气相色谱-质谱联用技术及感官审评方法,对采用不同热导介质干燥的绿茶进行滋味物质与香气物质及感官品质分析。结果:烘青绿茶清香品质更持久,鲜爽醇厚度和汤色绿亮度最好,其次是滚炒绿茶、微波干燥绿茶。不同热导介质干燥的绿茶氨基酸变化具有相似性,在氨基酸单量上茶氨酸占比最大,其后依次为精氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬酰胺、丝氨酸,部分氨基酸含量有显著差异(P<0.05)。不同热导介质干燥对绿茶儿茶素总量及分量、咖啡碱含量有影响,但没有达到显著性差异。不同热导介质干燥绿茶中微波干燥绿茶的香气物质种类更丰富,但主要香气物质差异不大。烘青绿茶和滚炒绿茶香味成分相对含量更高,其中壬醛、癸醛、β-环柠檬醛、β-紫罗兰酮、芳樟醇是主要的香气贡献物。结论:不同热导介质干燥绿茶中空气热导干燥更有利于游离氨基酸、儿茶素总量的积累,其清香品质更持久,鲜爽醇厚和汤色绿亮更好,其次是金属热导,最后是微波。     

Quantitative evaluation of mattresses using a thermal seat tester

Mattresses have the ability to deliver different degrees of thermal comfort to users. However, there is no current standardized test method for assessing the thermal comfort of mattresses. In efforts to create such a test method, the following research utilized an inverted thermal hotplate heated to 35 °C that was placed on three different mattresses at three testing temperatures. The three types of mattresses tested were innerspring, foam, and foam with phase change materials (PCMs). By analyzing surface temperature, heat flux generated, thermal resistance, and the time required to reach steady state thermal resistance, differences in the thermal properties of the mattresses were found in the short term (initial 30 min) and in the long term. The data showed very good repeatability and significant differences between the very different mattresses. The inverted hot plate served as a reliable tool to assess thermal differences between mattresses in the dry state.     

染色对灭火服外层织物热防护性能的影响

为提升消防灭火服外层织物的热防护性能,采用四种不同结构的染料(阳离子嫩黄7GL、Palanil黄3G、分散红3B以及分散蓝2BLN)对芳纶/芳砜纶织物进行染色,测试染色织物的K/S值、L*值、反射率、二级烧伤时间和热失重,并与未染色织物进行对比。结果表明,染色可以提高织物的热防护性能,不同结构的染料作用程度不同,蒽醌结构不利于热射线的反射,菁系共轭结构和喹酞酮类结构利于热射线的反射。织物热防护性能由高至低的顺序为:阳离子嫩黄7GL染色织物>Palanil黄3G染色织物>分散红3B染色织物>分散蓝2BLN染色织物>未染色织物。     

热处理对不同直链淀粉含量的玉米淀粉理化性质的影响

采用快速黏度分析法、离心法、差示扫描量热分析法、动态流变仪分析法等,研究了干热与湿热处理对3种不同直链淀粉含量的玉米淀粉糊化性质、膨润性质、热力学性质、流变性质的影响,为淀粉的物理改性研究和加工应用提供理论依据。结果表明,干热处理使淀粉更易糊化,表现为3种玉米淀粉糊化温度降低,溶解度、膨胀度增加。湿热处理加大糊化难度,使3种玉米淀粉的糊化温度升高,膨胀度降低。热处理使玉米淀粉糊稠度、糊化焓值降低。蜡质玉米淀粉经热处理后,溶解度和老化率增加。流变性质测定结果表明,湿热处理不利于高直链玉米淀粉黏弹性凝胶的形成。     

Thermal properties of fruit juices as a function of concentration and temperature determined using the photopyroelectric (PPE) method

The photopyroelectric (PPE) method is proposed as a new technique for thermal characterisation of fruit juices. By combining different geometries and experimental conditions, the PPE method was shown capable of providing temperature-dependent (between 0 and 70 °C) values of thermophysical parameters (thermal diffusivity, thermal effusivity, thermal conductivity and volume specific heat) for juices having different Brix index. The computer-controlled PPE cell allowed stable temperature variation rates and continuous signal acquisition. The experimental data were used to develop empirical models and hence prediction equations for all the thermal parameters. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

充气防寒服的保暖性能

为维持户外活动人体热舒适性,研发一种保暖性能可调的防寒服装,以满足人体在不同活动量或环境温度变化情况下对服装保暖性能的需求,评价了一件充气服装的保暖性能,通过“Newton”出汗暖体假人实验测试了充气服装在4种充气量和3种风速下的上身总热阻和局部热阻。实验结果表明:充气状态下胸部、腹部和背部的局部热阻以及上身总热阻显著大于未充气状态,但是充气量之间没有明显差异;充气服装局部热阻和上身总热阻均随着风速的增加显著降低,不同充气量之间也没有显著差异。研究表明,充气服装在一定程度上可以作为一种有效的手段动态调节服装的保暖性。     

Thermal resistance of fabrics vs. thermal insulation of clothing made of the fabrics

The protection of a human body against the negative environmental factors, especially the cold, is one of the crucial functions of clothing. Clothing creates a thermal barrier between the human body and the surroundings. The protective efficiency of clothing goods depends mostly on thermal insulation properties of textile materials applied in clothing. The clothing design, fitting to a user’s body, and a number of layers also play an important role in the phenomenon of the heat exchange between the human organism and its surroundings. The thermal insulation properties of textile materials can be measured by means of different testing devices, such as the “skin model,” the Alambeta, the Permetest, and the Thermo Labo. A measurement of clothing goods from the point of view of their thermal insulation is performed using a thermal manikin. The article presents an investigation of thermal insulation properties of vests by means of thermal manikin. The investigated vests have been made of different textile materials: woven and knitted. The thermal insulation properties of fabrics applied in vests have been measured by means of the Alambeta. The article presents and discusses the relationships between the thermal insulation of vests according to the thermal manikin and the thermal resistance of fabrics applied in the vests.     

不同介质中甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌的热失活特性

研究甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌在不同介质中热失活规律,对接种10~8 CFU/g甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌的不同介质进行55、63、72℃热处理,测定处理后样品中甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌的菌体浓度。应用Dose Resp模型拟合在3种温度下志贺氏菌的动力学模型,用D值(decimal reduction time)表示甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌在不同介质中的耐热情况。结果表明:甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌的热失活曲线运用Dose Resp模型拟合较好,相关系数均在0.97以上。甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌在不同介质中的D值不同,在蛋白质和脂肪含量较高的灌肠肥瘦肉1∶1(m/m)中D值较大,相对耐热。55℃条件下热处理25.0 min,63℃热处理2.03 min,72℃热处理0.31 min后,一般肉制品中甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌均能被杀死。     

Statistical and ANN analysis of thermal and evaporative resistances of multilayered fabric ensembles

In this paper, thermal and evaporative resistance of multilayered fabrics meant for cold weather conditions have been reported. Polyester hollow fibers of 6 denier and 15 denier were used to produce needle-punched fabrics. Full factorial experimental design was used to produce 30 different needle-punched nonwoven fabrics from two different linear densities of fiber by varying mass per unit area and punch density at three and five different levels, respectively. The needle-punched nonwovens were used as insulative middle layer. Single jersey knitted fabric and polytetrafluoroethylene-coated fabric was used as inner and outer layer, respectively. The multilayered fabric ensembles were evaluated for thermal and evaporative resistance using sweating guarded hot plate (SGHP) system. Regression equations were developed to draw the contour plots and to analyze the effect of different parameters on thermal and evaporative resistance of fabrics. Two independent one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted to find the significance of linear density of fiber and effect of inner and outer layers on thermal and evaporative resistance of fabrics. The two-way ANOVA was conducted to analyze the effect of mass per unit area and punch density on thermal properties of fabrics and ‘F’ values were calculated. Mean square values of pure error and lack of fit were studied to analyze the fitness of the developed model for thermal properties of fabrics. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict the thermal and evaporative resistance of multilayered fabrics and compared with the experimental values. It has been observed that the ANN model predicts the thermal and evaporative resistance of multilayered fabrics with high degree of accuracy.     

服装隔热性能的研究

利用暖体假人设备对影响人类热舒适的因素之一－服装热阻值进行了测试,得出单体服装热阻值与组合服装热阻值之间的相互关系,并分析不同穿着方式和环境温度,风速对服装热阻值的影响,为人体热舒适及其相关因素的研究提供了参考依据。