基于EMD和功率谱的齿轮故障诊断研究

提出了一种基于经验模态分解EMD（Empirical Mode Decomposition）的齿轮裂纹故障诊断的新方法。EMD方法具有自适应的信号分解和降噪能力，EMD是先把时间序列信号，分解成不同特征时间尺度的固有模态函数（Intrinsic Mode Function，简称IMF），然后通过选取表征齿轮裂纹故障的IMF分量进行功率谱分析，就可提取齿轮故障振动信号的特征。齿轮故障实验信号的研究结果表明：该方法能有效地识别齿轮的齿根裂纹故障。     

频率调制经验模态分解在轴承故障诊断中的应用

在密集频率情况下,针对经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)容易产生模态混叠的问题,研究了基于频率调制经验模态分解(Frequency Modulated Empirical Mode Decomposition,FM-EMD)振动信号处理方法。该方法可以较好地分解相对密集频率的弱非线性信号,得到物理意义相对明确的本征模函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF)。通过数值仿真证明了该方法的有效性。利用频率调制经验模态分解方法对故障轴承振动信号进行分析,准确地确定了故障类型。     

基于CEEMDAN与SVD的泄流结构振动信号降噪方法EI北大核心CSCD

针对泄流结构振动信号非平稳性和特征信息被强噪声淹没的实际问题,提出一种基于具有自适应噪声的完整集成经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)和奇异值分解(SVD)联合的信号降噪方法。对一维泄流振动信号时程进行CEEMDAN分解,将信号分解为一系列固有模态函数分量(IMF),运用频谱分析方法筛选包含主要振动信息的IMF分量,滤除低频水流噪声,实现信号的初次滤波;利用排列熵理论确定含噪声较多的IMF分量,采用奇异值分解技术提取奇异值信息,运用奇异熵增量定阶理论滤除IMF分量中的高频噪声,实现信号的二次滤波;将包含结构振动信息的IMF分量重构,得到泄流结构的工作特征信息。结合拉西瓦模型振动实测数据,运用该方法进行计算分析,滤除高频和低频噪声,提取结构振动特征信息;结果表明该方法在泄流结构特征信息提取方面具有优越性,可为泄流结构在线监测和安全运行提供依据。     

基于EMD的胶合板损伤声发射信号特征提取及神经网络模式识别

摘要：针对胶合板损伤声发射信号的非平稳性和损伤类别特征相互重叠的实际情况,提出了基于经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition, EMD)和BP神经网络相结合的信号特征提取和识别方法。首先对损伤声发射信号进行EMD分解,筛选出包含主要信息的本征模态函数（Intrinsic Mode Function, IMF）分量;其次构建以各IMF分量的能量占比作为表征各损伤信号的特征向量;最后以提取的特征向量为输入样本,建立BP神经网络模式分类器对四类胶合板损伤信号进行识别。五层胶合板损伤的实测数据表明,该方法能够准确地提取出声发射信号特征并对其损伤类型进行有效地识别。     

基于EMD和MKD的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承早期微弱故障特征难以提取的问题,提出基于经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)与最大峭度解卷积(Maximum Kurtosis Deconvolution, MKD)的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法。利用EMD方法分解振动信号得到一组固有模态分量(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF),然后根据时域峭度和包络谱峭度,筛选出敏感IMF分量进行信号重构。然后对重构信号进行最大峭度解卷积处理以增强故障信息,最后得到包络功率谱,从而获得轴承故障特征频率信息。通过实验台信号验证了所述方法的有效性及优点。     

一种基于EMD的振动信号时频分析新方法研究

基于经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)的希尔伯特变换(Hibert Tram:formation,HT),是先把一列时间序列数据通过经验模态分解成本征模函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF),然后经过希尔伯特变换获得瞬时频率的信号处理方法.针对HT求瞬时频率的不足,提出了把IMF分解成包络和纯调频信号,然后通过对纯调频信号进行反余弦求瞬时频率的新方法.通过对非线性仿真信号研究表明,该方法是有效的.把该方法应用于转子横向裂纹的时频分析.表明能把横向裂纹转子的扭振所形成的相位调制现象检测出来,获得了良好的效果.仿真和实测信号的分析结果说明,用新方法对振动信号进行时频分析是有效的.该研究成果能广泛地用于信号时频分析领域.     

基于参数优化VMD和增强多尺度排列熵的单向阀故障诊断

针对高压隔膜泵机械结构复杂,单向阀故障特征信息分布在多尺度上,单一尺度难以全面提取特征的问题,提出了一种基于参数优化变分模态分解(Variational Mode Decomposition,VMD)和增强多尺度排列熵(Enhanced Multi-scale Permutation Entropy,EMPE)的单向阀故障诊断方法。对单向阀振动信号进行VMD分解,以包络熵最小原则对其进行参数优化,获得既定的若干本征模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF)分量;计算IMF分量的增强多尺度排列熵,构建故障特征值向量;利用基于变量预测模型的模式识别(Variable Predictive Model Based Class Discriminate,VPMCD)方法对故障特征值向量进行训练和识别,进而实现单向阀的故障诊断。仿真信号和工程实验分析表明,该方法可以准确地识别单向阀的故障类型,具有一定的可靠性和工程应用价值。     

基于集总平均经验模态分解法(EEMD)的星箭解锁分离机构冲击响应分析

基于集总平均经验模态分解(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,EEMD),提出一种星箭解锁分离机构冲击响应信号分析新方法。通过EEMD,将星箭解锁分离机构解锁过程的冲击信号分解成不同模态分量(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF)。结果表明前两阶模态分量IMF主要为冲击引起的高频振动,而IMF3之后为冲击激励引起的不同阶固有模态振动和局部振动,并通过模态实验验证了分析的正确性。     

基于二次EEMD的Wigner-Ville分布旋转机械故障信号分析及试验研究

摘 要： Wigner-Ville分布（WVD）凭借优良的数学性质被广泛应用于信号处理等领域,但因其不满足可加性而引起的交叉项却影响信号分析的准确性。针对此问题提出利用二次聚合经验模态分解(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition, EEMD)消除Wigner-Ville分布交叉项的方法。该方法首先用EEMD将原信号分解成为若干本征模函数（Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF）,再利用EEMD对获得的IMF进行二次处理,得到一组新的IMF,然后对新得到的若干模态成分分别进行WVD计算,最后将各项结果求和得到信号的WVD分布。该方法在改善模态混叠的同时有效地消除Wigner-Ville分布交叉项,并保留Wigner-Ville分布的各种优良特性。将该方法应用于转子碰摩故障诊断,效果很好。     

基于EMD与神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的非平稳特征，提出了一种基于经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition，简称EMD)和神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法首先对原始信号进行了经验模态分解，将其分解为多个平稳的固有模态函数(Intrinsic Mode function，简称IMF)之和，再选取若干个包含主要故障信息的IMF分量进行进一步分析，由于滚动轴承发生故障时，加速度振动信号各频带的能量会发生变化，因而可从各IMF分量中提取能量特征参数作为神经网络的输入参数来识别滚动轴承的故障类型。对滚动轴承的正常状态、内圈故障和外圈故障信号的分析结果表明，以EMD为预处理器提取各频带能量作为特征参数的神经网络诊断方法比以小波包分析为预处理器的神经网络诊断方法有更高的故障识别率，可以准确、有效地识别滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类型。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。