基于层次分析法的模糊分类优选模型

不同的模糊分类算法在同一个数据集合上常会产生不同的模糊分类．究竟哪种方法最能揭示数据的真实结构,对此,以模糊分类有效性指标为评价指标,应用层次分析法对各模糊分类进行综合评价,建立了一个模糊分类优选模型．大量实验表明,该优选模型所选出的最优模糊分类,其模式识别率高,能揭示数据的真实结构．

     

基于层次分析法的模糊分类优选模型

不同的模糊分类算法在同一个数据集合上常会产生不同的模糊分类．究竟哪种方法最能揭示数据的真实结构，对此，以模糊分类有效性指标为评价指标，应用层次分析法对各模糊分类进行综合评价，建立了一个模糊分类优选模型．大量实验表明，该优选模型所选出的最优模糊分类，其模式识别率高，能揭示数据的真实结构．     

基于稳健模糊粗糙集模型的多标记文本分类

针对多标记数据的不确定性以及噪声数据的存在,提出了一种新的多标记稳健模糊粗糙分类模型。该模型是处理单标记分类问题的k-mean稳健统计量模糊粗糙分类模型的扩展应用。对于每个待分类数据,首先根据相似性计算方法,得到它们相对于各标记的隶属度;然后根据隶属度定义待分类数据与各标记的相关度;最后为每一组相关度赋予合适的阈值,得到相关的标记集合。在3个标准多标记数据集和1个真实多标记文本数据集上的实验结果表明,对于多标记文本分类问题,所提模型在 6个常用的多标记评测指标上较常用的ML-kNN和rank-SVM多标记学习方法具有更高的准确率。     

局部模糊综合评价方法及其在健康普适服务中的应用*

提出一种基于社区健康指数的服务质量评价模型。该模型采用局部模糊的综合评价法,根据指标性质灵活采用模糊评价和综合评价,减少了评价指标的数据丢失;此外,采用主客观结合的方式,自顶向下确定指标的权重,增强了权重值的可信度。实验证明该模型提高了评价的准确性,具有很强的实用价值。     

不平衡数据加权集成学习算法

针对传统的机器学习算法对不平衡数据集的少类分类准确率不高的问题,基于支持向量机和模糊聚类,提出一种不平衡数据加权集成学习算法。首先提出加权支持向量机模型(Weighted Support Vector Machine,WSVM),该模型根据不同类别数据所占比例的不同,为各类别分配不同的权重,然后将WSVM与模糊聚类结合提出一种新的集成学习算法。将本文提出的算法应用于人造数据集和UCI数据集实验中,实验结果表明,所提出的算法能够有效地解决不平衡数据的分类问题,具有更好的分类性能。     

基于ICA与聚类分析的支持向量机分类研究

在ICA与聚类分析的基础上提出了一种改进的支持向量机分类模型——ICSVM模型。ICSVM模型中利用一种指标筛选算法与独立成分分析的方法将各数据指标转化为互相独立成分的数据指标。接着运用K-means方法对独立成分样本数据集进行聚类分析,再由获得的各子类中心数据构造初始的超平面,筛选出靠近初始超平面的支持类与亚支持类,并展开支持类与亚支持类中的样本数据点重新构造超平面,以便对数据进行分类。实验表明,对于样本比较多的数据集,与标准的SVM算法相比,ICSVM算法能够节约训练时间,同时能够提高分类的正确率。     

基于模糊优势互补互信息的有序决策树算法

传统决策树算法应用于有序分类任务时存在两个问题：传统决策树算法没有引入序关系,因此无法学习和抽取数据集中的序结构;现实生活中存在大量模糊而非精确的知识,而传统的决策树算法无法处理存在模糊属性取值的数据。针对上述问题,提出了基于模糊优势互补互信息的有序决策树算法。首先,使用优势集表示数据中的序关系,并引入模糊集来计算优势集以形成模糊优势集。模糊优势集不仅能反映数据中的序信息,而且能自动获取不精确知识。然后,在模糊优势集的基础上将互补互信息进行推广,并提出了模糊优势互补互信息。最后,使用模糊优势互补互信息作为启发式,设计出基于模糊优势互补互信息的有序决策树算法。在5个人工数据集及9个现实数据集上的实验结果表明,所提算法在有序分类任务上较经典决策树算法取得了更低的分类误差。     

基于Map/Reduce的民航高价值旅客发现方法

为解决常旅客计划模型评价指标单一,不能准确识别高价值旅客的问题,提出一种将Map/Reduce并行处理与数据挖掘知识相结合的发现方法。利用Map/Reduce数据处理模型,在Hadoop分布式平台上并行处理海量PNR数据;根据改进的RFD模型,确定客户价值指标,利用AHP层次分析法将专家经验值量化为指标权重;利用聚类分析技术识别高价值旅客,采用真实的PNR数据集进行实验。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效识别民航高价值旅客,为航空公司做出有效决策提供有利依据。     

一种基于多目标进化算法的模糊关联分类方法

准确率和解释性是模糊关联分类模型的两个相互制约的优化目标.目前已有的研究方法中,有的只考虑了分类模型的准确率,有的把模型两个目标转化为单目标问题求解,在模型解释性目标上的优化策略较简单.为此提出一种基于Apriori和NSGA-II多目标进化算法的模糊关联分类模型(MOEA-FACM),采用基于概率独立性的模糊确认指标筛选生成高质量的模糊关联规则集,以Pittsburgh式的编码方式构建准确率和解释性折中的模糊关联分类模型.标准数据集上的实验表明,该方法所建模型分类准确率比同类模型高,分类模型具有较好的泛化能力,而其所含模糊关联规则的数目和规则前件总的模糊项的个数却较少,模型的解释性较好.     

大数据下的分布式精确模糊KNN分类算法

针对K近邻（KNN）方法处理大数据集的效率问题进行了研究,提出了一种基于Spark框架的分布式精确模糊KNN分类算法, 创新性地将Spark框架分布式map和reduce过程与模糊KNN结合。首先对不同分区中训练样本类别信息进行模糊化处理,得到类别隶属度,将训练集转换为添加类隶属度的模糊训练集;然后使用KNN算法对先前计算的类成员测试集计算得到◢k◣个最近邻;最后通过距离权重进行分类。针对百万级大数据集样本的实验,以及与其他算法的对比实验表明,所提算法是可行的和有效的。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.