护理本科实习生沟通技能态度及行为评估

目的了解护理本科实习生沟通技能态度及沟通行为现状。方法采用方便抽样方法抽取104名护理本科实习生,使用沟通技能态度问卷、沟通行为自我评价量表对其进行调查。结果护理本科实习生的沟通技能正性态度得分为3．81±0．61,负性态度得分为2．65±0．85,中性态度得分为3．44±0．65;沟通行为总分为42～90（59．79±10．29）分。得分排前5位的是接受其他同事的反馈、提供有关生活方式的咨询、团队建设、病情评估、对其他同事进行反馈,后5位的是与受虐待或暴力患者的沟通、与酒精成瘾或吸毒成瘾患者沟通、与愤怒或敌对患者沟通、与艾滋病患者沟通、与少数民族或国外患者的沟通。其沟通行为与正性态度及中性态度呈正相关,与负性态度呈负相关（均P〈0．05）。结论护理本科实习生的沟通技能态度较积极,但需加强护理本科实习生与受虐待或暴力患者的沟通、与酒精成瘾或吸毒成瘾患者沟通、与愤怒或敌对患者沟通、与艾滋病患者沟通、与少数民族或国外患者的沟通技能培训;在沟通技能培训中．须重视护理本科生的沟通态度的转变,并将其作为教学效果的重要评价指标之一。     

农民工艾滋病知识、态度、行为及其相关性研究

目的了解护理本科实习生沟通技能态度及沟通行为现状。方法采用方便抽样方法抽取104名护理本科实习生，使用沟通技能态度问卷、沟通行为自我评价量表对其进行调查。结果护理本科实习生的沟通技能正性态度得分为3．81±0．61，负性态度得分为2．65±0．85。中性态度得分为3．44±0．65；沟通行为总分为42～90（59．79±10．29）分．得分排前5位的是接受其他同事的反馈、提供有关生活方式的咨询、团队建设、病情评估、对其他同事进行反馈，后5住的是与受虐待或暴力患者的沟通、与酒精成瘾或吸毒成瘾患者沟通、与愤怒或敌对患者沟通、与艾滋病患者沟通、与少数民族或国外患者的沟通。其沟通行为与正性态度及中性态度呈正相关．与负性态度呈负相关（均P〈0．05）。结论护理本科实习生的沟通技能态度较积极，但需加强护理本科实习生与受虐待或暴力患者的沟通、与酒精成瘾或吸毒成瘾患者沟通、与愤怒或敌对患者沟通、与艾滋病患者沟通、与少数民族或国外患者的沟通技能培训；在沟通技能培训中，须重视护理本科生的沟通态度的转变，并将其作为教学效果的重要评价指标之一。     

实习医学生沟通技能评估及相关因素分析

目的 了解实习医学生沟通技能现状并探索其相关因素.方法 采用自行设计的一般资料问卷及沟通行为自我评价量表对260名医学生进行问卷调查.结果 医学生在与患者的沟通、对特定疾病或具体健康问题指导、与医务人员的沟通三方面的得分分别为3.26±0.55、3.00±0.69、3.43±0.64.医学生对受虐待/暴力及艾滋病患者的...     

护理本科生沟通技能态度及影响因素调查研究

目的了解护理本科生沟通技能态度现状并分析其影响因素。方法采用方便取样,应用一般资料问卷和中文版沟通技能态度量表对192名护理本科生进行调查。结果护理本科生沟通技能正性态度得分为50.00±6.00,负性态度得分为34.51±4.73。实践经历较多、自觉其沟通技能有待提高、热爱护理专业的学生倾向于有较强烈的正性态度;男生有较强烈的负性态度。结论护理本科生对沟通技能的态度较积极。实践经历、自评沟通技能、是否热爱护理专业及性别影响学生对沟通技能的态度。     

护理本科实习生报告用药错误行为意向及影响因素研究

目的 了解护理本科实习生报告用药错误行为意向,并分析影响因素,为制订针对性的干预措施提供参考。方法 采用一般资料调查表、中文版计划行为理论-用药安全问卷调查来自9所医学院校的1 173名护理本科实习生。结果 护理本科实习生报告用药错误行为意向,行为态度,主观规范和感知行为控制得分分别为5.23±0.92,5.01±0.58,4.98±0.63和4.78±0.73。单因素分析结果显示,用药安全相关知识学习/实践经历,行为态度,主观规范,感知行为控制与报告用药错误行为意向相关(均P<0.05)。回归分析结果显示,行为态度是影响护理本科实习生报告用药错误行为意向的主要因素(调整R²=0.335,P<0.05)。结论 护理本科实习生报告用药错误行为意向积极正向,且行为态度越积极者其报告用药错误行为意向越强烈。护理教育者需发展实习护生报告用药错误的积极态度,促进其形成积极的报告行为意向。     

护理本科实习生照顾临终患者态度及影响因素研究

目的调查分析护理本科实习生照顾临终患者的态度及影响因素,为制定针对性的临终护理教育方案提供参考。方法采用一般资料调查表、死亡态度描绘量表及照顾临终患者态度量表对在福建省6所三级甲等综合医院完成临床实习的358名护理本科实习生进行调查。结果护理本科实习生照顾临终患者态度总分为103.30±11.31,其中文科生得分高于理科生,实习轮转过ICU者得分高于未轮转者(均P0.05);护理本科实习生对死亡的恐惧及自然接受态度水平是其照顾临终患者态度的影响因素(调整R~2=0.287,均P0.01)。结论护理本科实习生照顾临终患者的态度较为积极,死亡态度影响其照顾临终患者的态度。在护理本科生的不同教育阶段应开展不同层次的死亡教育及临终关怀教育,以改善其临终照护态度。     

农民工艾滋病知识、态度、行为及其相关性研究

目的了解农民工艾滋病知识、态度及行为现状,并分析其关系,为实施针对性干预提供参考。方法随机整群抽取西安市9大建筑工地936名农民工进行艾滋病知识、态度、行为调查。结果936名农民工有85.0%听说过艾滋病,知识来源排前三的为电影电视(35.6%)、报纸杂志(27.4%)及广播(16.9%);80.0%愿意接受艾滋病教育;艾滋病知识得分26.8±5.7,态度得分55.3±11.2;2.7%～6.0%有卖血、吸毒等与艾滋病相关的高危行为。农民工艾滋病知识与态度呈显著正相关(P0.01),艾滋病知识、态度与行为之间无明显相关性(均P0.05)。结论农民工艾滋病相关知识缺乏,大部分对艾滋病持害怕、歧视态度;存在一定比率的高危行为,有接受健康教育的意愿。针对性的强化和普及教育,可望提高农民工的艾滋病知识,从而改变错误态度和高危行为。     

护理本科实习生结构性授权与自我效能感的相关性分析

目的了解护理本科实习生结构性授权状况及其与自我效能感的关系。方法采用临床学习效能条件量表和一般自我效能感量表对176名护理本科实习生进行调查。结果护理本科实习生结构性授权总分11.59±2.40,4个维度得分由高到低依次为支持权力2.89±0.70、资源权力2.89±0.65、信息权力2.88±0.68、机会权力2.83±0.68;一般自我效能感得分为26.31±0.25,处于中等水平。结构性授权和一般自我效能感呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论护理本科实习生在临床实习环境中的结构性授权水平较低,护理本科实习生的结构性授权水平影响其自我效能。护理教育者需采取相应的教育对策,营造良好的临床实习环境,以提高护理本科实习生临床实习效果和临床实践能力。     

护理沟通技能评分标准与规范用语的制定及其在竞赛中的应用

目的探讨护理沟通技能评分标准与规范用语在竞赛中的应用效果。方法自行设计考核评分标准和规范用语,将与患者之间日常沟通使用最多的内容归纳设定评分等级;并将其运用于护士竞赛中。结果护理沟通技能评分标准与规范用语可以评出每个环节与患者沟通的具体得分,评分结果也能充分显示沟通技能水平的优劣;竞赛中3次考核可评出优等情况。结论护理沟通技能评分标准在实践中的应用是有效、可行的,也可作为了解需培训的重点人员及重点内容的依据。     

基于认知学徒制的高职护患沟通课程教学改革研究

目的探讨基于认知学徒制的高职护患沟通课程教学改革的效果。方法将2014级三年制高职护理专业2个班级设为对照组(94人),《护患沟通》课程采用传统授课方式;2015级2个班级设为观察组(103人),以认知学徒制理论为指导实施《护患沟通》课程教学。结果观察组护生护患沟通技能考核成绩、自评沟通能力得分显著高于对照组(P0.05,P0.01);对教学改革评价得分(4.26±0.93)~(4.53±0.67)分。结论实施基于认知学徒制的高职护患沟通课程教学改革,有助于培养护生护患沟通能力和沟通技能,提高护理教育教学质量。     

Intercellular communication

There are 3 modalities for intercellular communications: the chemical substances secreted by some cells are transported at distance where they act as signals on other cells; the surface molecules of a group of cells interact with the neighbouring cells; some special junctions or nexus provide direct relations between cells. In the first modality the chemical signals operate in 3 ways: a) many cells secrete one ore more chemical signals which act as local mediators (paracrine model); these mediators act immediately or are destroyed after they influence the neighbouring cells; b) some specialised cells--endocrine cells--secrete hormones, which are liberated in small amounts into the blood and exert their effects on some target cells, able to recognise and to respond to the hormonal signal; c) the neurones secrete chemical mediators--neurotransmitters, which act at the level of some special junctions--the chemical synapses. Most biologic phenomena are under the overlapping control of both systems--thus they are regarded as neuroendocrine system. The nervous cells transmit the informations much more rapidly than the endocrine cells. The chemical signals are various, as regarding the structure and function: they are large polypeptides, small polypeptides, glycoproteins, amino-acids, steroid molecules derived from cholesterol and fatty acids. The ability of the cells to respond to an extracellular signal molecule depends on the existence of some specific proteins, included in the plasma membrane, called receptors. The chemical signals influence the target cells both by altering the properties or the synthesis rate of their own proteins or by initiating the synthesis of new proteins. The chemical signals induce rapid and transient or slow- and long-lasting responses. All the neurotransmitters and the majority of hormones are water-soluble; the steroid and thyroid hormones are relatively water insoluble; the mechanisms of influencing the target cells are dependent of this feature: the water-soluble molecules do not pass through the target cell membrane, they bind to the surface specific receptor while the insoluble molecules cross the plasma membrane of the target cell and bind to the cytoplasmatic receptors. It results that the water-soluble molecules mediate short-time responses while those insoluble--long-lasting responses. As regarding the local chemical mediators they are secreted by mast cells or they are represented by the large category of prostaglandins. They produce a great diversity of biological effects, they are rapidly destroyed, and this way, they don't penetrate into the blood stream in significant amounts. The majority of the receptors from the surface of activated cells generate some intracellular signals both by altering the activity of some membrane enzyme (adenilate cyclase) with the accumulation of cyclic MPA and by modifying the permeability of some membrane channels(Ca2+ channels). The target cell exposed to a signal for a long period of time loose often the ability to respond to this signal. This process called desensibilization is reversible and is explained by endocytosis of surface receptors together with the ligand and by their lysosomal destruction, by the degradation of the receptor molecular conformation which becomes unable to bind the ligand or by the lack of activation of membrane enzymes or the channels. The gap or nexus junctions are composed by some proteic particles which form a hydrophilic channel to assure the communication between 2 neighbouring cells. These junctions allow some molecules (amino-acids, monosaccharides, cAMP, nucleotides) to pass from a cell to another one, facilitating the chemical and electrical coupling. These structures show a low electrical resistance, but they are dynamic, some junctions have the capacity to change from a low resistance to a high resistance state, isolating the cells from communicating with their neighbours. Oxygen deprivation, the increase of intracellul     

Vasal vesical communication

The twelfth case of vasal vesical ectopia is reported.