乙烯基硅氧烷改性丙烯酸酯乳液聚合的动力学及成核机理分析

用种子乳液聚合法研究了硅氧烷改性丙烯酸酯的乳液聚合,对影响种子乳液聚合动力学的因素进行讨论,并分析了乳液聚合的成核机理.实验结果表明：反应温度、引发剂浓度、乳化剂浓度和有机硅氧烷用量对有机硅改性丙烯酸酯乳液聚合动力学有较大的影响.反应温度越高,引发剂浓度越高、乳化剂浓度越高、有机硅氧烷用量相对较小,乳液聚合反应的转化率越高;此外,体系的pH值在6～8之间时也有利于反应的进行.种子乳液聚合中R_P∝［E］^0.72,R_P∝［I］^0.56,表观活化能E_a为143.92 kJ•mol^-1.种子乳液聚合初期,反应主要是单体液滴成核;进入壳层反应时,反应成核主要是以胶束成核为主.     

无皂型乳液聚合研究进展

论述了无皂型乳液聚合研究的最新进展有及其反应机理（包括成核机理和粒子的增长机理。综述了影响无皂型乳液聚合反应的各种因素。介绍了影响无皂型乳液聚合物稳定性的因素及提高其稳定性的方法。     

微乳液聚合研究进展

本文简要介绍了微乳液的制备微乳液聚合成核机理,反应动力学特征及微乳液聚合的粒径大小的控制和分布。     

无皂乳液聚合研究及应用进展

主要阐述了乳液聚合反应的机理(包括成核机理和增长机理),以及影响其稳定性的因素和增强稳定性的方法,简单介绍了无皂乳液的应用,对无皂乳液的发展趋势作了展望.     

无皂乳液聚合理论及应用研究进展

无皂乳液聚合是在传统乳液聚合的基础上发展起来的一项聚合反应新技术,相比传统乳液聚合具有很多优点,因此广受关注。介绍了无皂乳液聚合的反应机理(包括成核机理、稳定机理)和反应动力学,无皂乳液的制备方法,并对无皂乳液聚合的应用和发展前景做了展望。     

无皂乳液聚合反应机理和制备方法的研究进展

介绍了无皂乳液聚合的反应机理,包括成核机理和核增长机理;概括了无皂乳液聚合的方法及最新研究进展。     

无皂乳液聚合的进展

本文介绍了无皂乳液聚合的反应机理（包括成核机理和核增长机理）、反应动力学，着重介绍了影响无皂乳液稳定性的因素以及提高无皂胶乳稳定性和固含量的方法，包括引发剂碎片法、引入亲水性或表面活性单体性、调整聚合反应的分散介质法和选择适当的聚合工艺法。并概括了当今无皂乳液聚合的研究动态、应用和发展前景。     

无皂乳液聚合的理论研究及其制备方法

综述了无皂乳液聚合物中的成核机理和反应动力学理论研究的进展及发展趋势，对无皂乳液聚合的制备方法作了详尽介绍。     

无皂乳液聚合技术及其应用

在无皂乳液聚合的反应机理（包括成核机理和增长机理），及其体系的稳定性方面，较系统地论述了无皂乳液聚合技术的现状及其发展趋势，并对其应用作了较为详尽的介绍。     

微乳液的研究进展及应用

综述了微乳液的形成机理、聚合机理、聚合方法、影响因素及其应用。详细介绍了单体浓度、引发剂、乳化剂、油相、反应温度等因素对乳胶粒子粒径、粒径分布、聚合物平均相对分子质量等的影响;从聚合机理和形成机理两个方面,比较了微乳液聚合与乳液聚合的差异;对正相微乳液聚合、反相微乳液聚合以及双连续相微乳液聚合的研究作了简要的介绍,指出了目前微乳液研究中存在的一些问题,对今后的研究发展方向进行了展望。     

无皂乳液聚合的研究进展

介绍了无皂乳液聚合的成核机理 ,无皂乳液的制备方法及其应用     

Synthesis and nucleation mechanism of inverse emulsion polymerization of acrylamide by RAFT polymerization: A comparative study

Well-defined poly (acrylamide) is synthesized by RAFT inverse emulsion polymerization using hydrophilic and lipophilic initiators. The kinetic behavior observed for RAFT inverse emulsion polymerization is similar to that for RAFT inverse miniemulsion polymerization. The nucleation mechanism of inverse emulsion polymerization of acrylamide is firstly investigated by RAFT polymerization and verified by GPC and SEM measurements. Droplet nucleation is found to be the primary mechanism in the inverse emulsion polymerization of acrylamide. However, polymerization occurring in the continuous phase is not negligible when lipophilic initiator is used.     

Isothermal emulsion polymerization of n-butyl methacrylate with KPS and redox initiators: Nucleation

Nucleation is a very important stage of emulsion polymerization due to its significant influence on the latex particle diameter, particle diameter distribution, and molecular weight. In this study, we evaluated the effect of thermal and redox initiators on the nucleation and reaction kinetics with a model emulsion system comprised of n-butyl methacrylate, sodium lauryl sulfate, water, initiators, and other additives. Our previous study has demonstrated that a micellar nucleation mechanism plays a role in both initiator systems. In the present study, we further explored secondary nucleation using these two types of initiator systems, that is, homogeneous nucleation, which exists in the redox-initiated process, and micellar nucleation which is the main nucleation mechanism for the thermal-initiated system. The investigation also illustrates that coagulative nucleation in the redox-initiated emulsion system results in a greater extent of monodispersed particle diameter distributions, much smaller particle diameters, and lower molecular weights for the final latex. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48275.     

助溶剂存在下的无皂乳液共聚合——反应动力学与反应机理

在甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸正丁酯(BA)以及烯丙基磺酸钠(NaAS)组成的无皂乳液共聚体系中,加入CH_3OH作为助溶剂,反应速度随CH_3OH用量的增加经历了一个减小、增大、又减小的过程。与无CH_3OH存在时比较,反应仍按“均相”成核与“胶束”成核两种机理进行,但成核过程有一凝聚阶段。     

Population balance modeling of particle size distribution in monomer‐starved semibatch emulsion polymerization

The evolution of particle size distribution (PSD) in the monomer‐starved semibatch emulsion polymerization of styrene with a neat monomer feed is investigated using a population balance model. The system under study ranges from conventional batch emulsion to semicontinuous (micro)emulsion polymerization depending on the rate of monomer addition. It is shown that, contrary to what is often believed, the broadness of PSD is not necessarily associated with the length of nucleation period. The PSDs at the end of nucleation are found to be independent of surfactant concentration. Simulation results indicate that at the completion of nucleation the particle size is reduced and the PSD narrows with decreasing rate of monomer addition despite nucleation time increasing. The broad distribution of particles frequently encountered in semibatch emulsion polymerizations is therefore attributed to stochastic broadening during the growth stage. The zero‐one‐two‐three model developed in this article allows perceiving that the dominant kinetic mechanism may be different for particles with different sizes. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

甲基丙烯酸丁酯的ATRP乳液聚合研究

探讨了铜催化体系催化甲基丙烯酸丁酯 (BMA)的 ATRP乳液聚合规律 ,研究了乳化剂、催化剂、引发剂及反应温度对聚合反应可控性、动力学及乳胶粒性质的影响。结果表明 BMA的 ATRP乳液聚合具有较典型的活性聚合特征 ,并且聚合反应的可控性和乳胶粒的稳定性受上述因素的影响较大 ,得到了聚合反应速率方程和动力学参数。     

不饱和聚酯/苯乙烯无皂乳液共聚合与聚合物微凝胶

以羧基封端的不饱和聚酯（ＵＰ）和苯乙烯（Ｓｔ）为单体进行了无皂乳液共聚合,制备了聚合物微凝胶,提出了ＵＰ－Ｓｔ无皂乳液聚合的成核机理,讨论了ＰＨ值、ＵＰ／Ｓｔ等因素对体系稳定性和微凝胶产率的影响,该聚合物微凝胶能明显提高ＵＰ的冲击强度。     

Particle nucleation mechanism for the emulsion polymerization of styrene with a novel polyester emulsifier

The particle nucleation mechanism in emulsion polymerization of styrene with a novel polyester emulsifier, 5‐sulfoisophthalic acid dimethyl ester sodium salt‐modified tetracarboxylic acid‐terminated polyester (SMTAPE), was investigated. The consumption of SMTAPE micelles was monitored by the measurement of surface tension during the emulsion polymerization. Kinetic studies and emulsifier consumption clearly showed that a continuous nucleation mechanism without Smith–Ewart interval II was characteristic of this system. It was attributed to the high concentration of SMTAPE emulsifier in the polymerization, which led to a large surface area and a vast number of micelles around 10 nm in size that served as the major locus of particle nucleation. A broad particle size distribution was observed throughout the reaction, and the nucleation period lasted well into the reaction until the disappearance of the micelles or the disappearance of monomer droplets. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1061–1070, 2001