包装物料形状特征提取和识别方法

目的为了提高包装过程物料抓取成功率,采用机器视觉设计一种物料识别和定位方法。方法以串联机械手臂为载体搭建一种基于机器视觉的物料识别、定位、抓取平台,包括物料传送模块、图像采集模块、视觉分拣模块、机器人控制模块和抓取模块等。重点论述相关图像处理算法,包括基于双边滤波的图像预处理方法,基于Canny算子的图像边缘检测,图像特征提取和质心定位等。最后进行实验研究。结果实验结果表明,码垛机器人的物料形状正确识别率可以达到99.25%,抓取成功率能够达到99.5%。结论所述物料形状识别和抓取定位方法可有效解决图像特征提取、定位等问题,具有识别率高、抓取准确等特点,能够满足包装搬运要求。     

改进最小二乘法双目视觉位姿测量技术研究与测试

由于工件表面油污、光照等因素干扰导致工件图像提取的特征点偏离实际位置,对工业机器人的抓取定位带来较大误差。该文以视觉引导工业机器人抓取气缸盖为应用对象,对双目视觉高准确度位姿测量技术进行分析。首先探讨特定条件下的双目视觉定位引导机器人技术以及粗差点产生原因与解决方法情况;其次介绍视觉系统视觉坐标系和目标坐标系,然后在位姿测量数学模型的基础上提出改进最小二乘法的准确计算方法,并搭建双目视觉引导的工业机器人抓取气缸盖系统进行测试分析。测试表明:改进最小二乘法的位姿计算方法可实现双目视觉对目标物的全自由度位姿测量,满足工业机器人高准确度抓取操作。     

基于机器视觉的工业机器人工件搬运技术及应用

机器人通过视觉对工件位置信息进行分析处理,完成相应搬运任务已成为机器人应用发展的方向。该文主要提出了一种基于机器视觉的工业机器人搬运系统,利用相机和机器人进行标定后对工件精确定位,从而实现机器人对工件的识别、定位及搬运工作。     

面向仓库货架的商品智能拣选机器人设计

目的 为降低仓储拣选作业的劳动强度、提高拣选准确率,设计一款可代替人工拣货的拣选机器人。方法 基于PaddlePaddle的PP-ShiTu图像识别系统,实现货架商品的精确识别和种类的快速更新;针对低成本机械臂的视觉抓取问题,提出基于“无标定3D视觉+AGV运动控制”的货架商品抓取引导方法;采用二维码自主导航和智能升降系统实现了货架商品的搬运和立体抓取。结果 实验证明,所设计的拣选机器人实现了货架商品的精确抓取和搬运,测试准确率达到了92.25%。结论 基于该方法构建的智能拣选机器人,可以完成仓库货架商品的拣选和搬运。     

基于并联机器人的块状食品包装定位方法

目的为提高包装过程中并联机器人定位精度。方法基于自抗扰控制设计一种机器人末端执行器定位方法。在传统并联机器人结构的基础上配置2台工业相机。根据双目立体视觉检测原理来确定块状食品在生产线上具体位置。为避免干扰因素降低机器人末端执行器抓取精度,设计一种自抗扰控制器,主要包括跟踪微分器、非线性反馈器、扩张状态观测器。最后,搭建实验平台并进行相关验证。结果实验结果表明,实际位置与抓取位置之间偏差距离的最大值为0.3 mm;平均误差只有0.20 mm。所设计自抗扰控制器与PID控制器相比,响应时间仅增加了1%,平均抓取精度却大幅提高。结论所述基于并联机器人的块状食品包装定位方法可使末端执行器在非常短的时间内到达指定位置;运动过程稳定、可靠,不会出现振动现象,可确保抓取精度。     

基于YOLOv5和U-NET的多目标药盒抓取系统设计

目的 解决传统机器视觉机器人抓取系统对多目标及复杂目标背景分割不精确导致的目标定位精度差而影响机器人抓取效率的问题,提出一种新的深度学习抓取识别定位系统。方法 搭建由Delta机械臂、PC上位机、双目相机等组成的硬件系统,对工业部署常用的YOLO系列算法进行对比研究。将YOLO与U-NET相结合,用于目标的检测和分割。在精确分割出属于目标和背景目标的像素区域的同时,计算边缘和中心位置信息,运用立体视觉技术得到三维位置,并转换为世界坐标系,由PC机引导机械臂去完成抓取任务。结果 深度学习目标检测和图像分割相结合的系统在较复杂背景、多目标的场景下比未添加图像分割的算法拥有更好的目标定位精确度。结论 YOLOv5和U-NET相结合的目标定位抓取方法具有较高的鲁棒性,达到了并联机械臂的抓取要求。该方法能够运用于其他多自由度机械臂上,具有良好的应用价值。     

基于视觉标定的包装搬运机器人定位方法

目的为了提高包装搬运机器人的定位精度,提出一种基于机器视觉的末端执行器定位方法。方法基于OpenCV设计一种视觉标定算法,该算法包括摄像机标定和位姿标定,可实现待码放物体图像坐标和机械手坐标之间的变换。结合工控机和运动控制卡设计其控制系统,同时给出硬件设计和软件设计方法。最后进行实验研究,包括原点定位和重复定位。结果实验结果表明,所述控制方法能够提高搬运机器人的定位精度,原点定位误差约为0.14 mm,重复定位误差约为0.6 mm。结论该搬运机器人定位方法能够满足包装码垛要求。     

基于视觉引导和超声测距的运动目标跟踪和抓取

提出了装配机器人系统中一种基于视觉引导和超声测距的运动目标跟踪和抓取方法。介绍了运动目标的跟踪原理 ,采用图像雅可比矩阵进行机器人运动控制 ,跟踪运动的目标。利用视觉引导技术 ,获取目标在图像平面中的位置与方位 ,进行平面跟踪 ,然后引导超声波测距装置测取目标深度信息。实验结果验证了本文提出的这种方法的可行性和有效性     

基于双目视觉零件特征测量技术的研究

通过eye on hand模式，对上下料机器人配置双目视觉系统，将获得的图像进行处理后，判断工件的尺寸、位姿等信息，为上下料操作提供数据支持，使其能准确抓取工件。本文根据双目测量的理论基础，利用Harris角点算法获取零件的角点，对左右相机获取的图像进行区域匹配操作，进而获得工件的特征信息。最后，利用MATLAB对工件进行特征的提取和测量实验，为后续的研究工作提供了基础。     

可动态跟随抓取多功能机器人实训站设计

该文根据机器人技术的发展对目前工科类院校职业技能所提出的要求,结合机器人、自动化等专业在教学、考核、技能培训以及竞赛等方面的需求特点,设计一种可动态跟随抓取的多功能机器人实训站,利用多种快换装置抓手实现机器人的动态跟随分拣、搬运、码垛、轨迹模拟涂胶、视觉装配、变位焊接以及抛光打磨等所有行业典型的应用功能。为广大师生学习工业机器人技术提供知识丰富平台,很好地解决培训考核内容集成于一站的问题。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.