聚砜中空纤维支撑膜结构对复合膜性能的影响

聚砜、乙二醇单甲醚和二甲基乙酰胺的溶液通过环形喷丝嘴,其芯液为水溶液,通入二甲基乙酰胺的水溶液,制得聚砜中空纤维支撑膜。中空纤维浸入室温固化的硅橡胶有机溶剂的溶液中,制得聚砜中空纤维—硅橡胶的富氧复合膜。研究了聚砜的固含量,添加剂的种类和用量以及芯液等对富氧复合膜的透气速率和分离系数的影响。     

中空纤维纳滤膜与反渗透膜的研究

根据界面聚合反应成膜原理,以哌嗪(PIP)或间苯二胺(m-PD)水溶液为水相,均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)正己烷溶液为有机相,以聚砜中空纤维超滤膜为基膜,制备了一系列聚酰胺/聚砜纳滤或反渗透复合膜.研究了水相浓度、有机相浓度、界面聚合时间和温度等条件对复合膜性能的影响.结果表明:中空纤维纳滤复合膜在0.4 MPa、室温条件下,对2 g/L MgSO_4水溶液的通量可达36.64 L/(m~2·h),截留率为97.2%;中空纤维反渗透膜在0.7 MPa、室温条件下,对0.5 g/L的NaCl水溶液通量可达12.2 L/(m~2·h),截留率96.5%.     

荷电中空纤维复合膜及其正渗透性能研究

以聚丙烯中空纤维微滤膜为底膜、羧甲基纤维素钠为功能材料、氯化铁为交联剂,采用溶液涂覆-交联工艺制备了表面荷电的中空纤维复合膜,将该中空纤维复合膜用于正渗透(FO)过程,研究了汲取液盐含量、原料液流速等对FO通量的影响。结果表明,制备的荷电中空纤维复合膜可用于FO过程,以蒸馏水为原料液、Na2SO4水溶液为汲取液,采用PRO模式进行FO试验,当原料液与汲取液体积流量均为15 mL/min、汲取液浓度为0.5 mol/L时,FO水通量为12.3 L/(m2.h),盐通量与水通量的比为1.42 g/L。     

复合中空纤维超滤膜的研制

本文就复合中空纤维超滤膜的制备工艺和成膜条件对膜性能影响进行了系统的研究，实验表明，对外压式中空纤维膜，内凝固液条件的改变，主要影响复合膜的内致密层，进而影响膜的透过通量，但对膜的截留孔径无影响，随空中行走距离增大，膜的透过通量减小，截留孔径增大。另外，通过基膜的选定与内凝固液的调节，复合中空纤维膜的分离孔径主要取决于复合层膜，即在适宜的条件下，基膜不影响复合膜的分离孔径，同时也不决定复合中空纤维     

烧结温度对TiO2/不锈钢中空纤维复合膜结构和性能的影响

不锈钢中空纤维膜基膜孔径大,直接涂覆分离层容易产生表面缺陷。在二氧化钛悬浮液中加入聚乙烯醇作为黏结剂,通过真空辅助抽滤法在不锈钢中空纤维基膜表面形成一层均匀的分离层。通过高温烧结得到了TiO₂/不锈钢中空纤维复合膜,考察了烧结温度对于TiO₂/不锈钢中空纤维复合膜表面分离层形貌和结构的影响。不同烧结温度时,TiO₂/不锈钢中空纤维复合膜的表面形貌有所差异;随着烧结温度的升高,不锈钢复合膜的孔径和纯水通量均先升高再下降。当烧结温度为500℃时,表面涂层均匀,孔径分布集中,水通量较高。最后,以SPT-500膜测试了水包油乳液分离效果,分离效率达到99%以上,且具有良好的抗污染性能。     

聚芳醚砜酮复合膜浓缩回收环丁砜初探

以含二氮杂萘酮结构聚芳醚砜酮(PPESK)为基膜、均苯三甲酰氯为有机相单体、哌嗪与间苯二胺为水相单体通过界面聚合工艺制备了复合膜,研究了不同操作条件下复合膜对环丁砜水溶液的分离浓缩效果,考察了复合膜运行的稳定性与2次浓缩效果.结果表明,在50℃,1.8MPa下聚芳酰胺聚芳醚砜酮复合膜2次浓缩质量浓度10g·L~(-1)的环丁砜溶液,混合浓缩液环丁砜的质量浓度在28～36 g·L~(-1),透过液环丁砜的质量浓度为0.2 g·L~(-1),且13周静态及24 h连续分离操作性能稳定.     

聚乳酸/硅橡胶复合富氧膜的制备与性能

以聚乳酸(PLA)为基膜材料,通过静电纺丝技术制备聚乳酸纤维基膜,Si-69为改性剂进行处理的硅橡胶作为涂敷层,制备聚乳酸/硅橡胶复合富氧膜.利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)分析、X-射线衍射(XRD)分析对制备的复合膜的结构及两相间距进行分析.探究了不同Si-69用量对聚乳酸/硅橡胶复合膜力学性能及透氧性能的影响.结果表明,最佳交联剂Si-69用量为5％,此时交联效果最好,PLA、PDMS和PDMS、PDMS相间距明显减小,PLA/PDMS复合富氧膜断裂伸长率为125％,同时表现出更好的透气性能,其氮氧分离系数高达4.2,比硅橡胶富氧膜提高281％.     

壳聚糖/聚砜复合中空纤维膜的制备及其CO2/N2分离性能研究

以壳聚糖(CS)为涂层材料,聚砜(PSf)为基膜材料,运用浸渍涂覆的方式制备了壳聚糖/聚砜复合中空纤维膜,考察了壳聚糖质量分数、涂覆时间以及操作温度和压力对CO2、N2的渗透分离性能的影响。结果显示,在聚砜基膜上涂覆壳聚糖材料后,可有效提高CO2/N2分离系数;CO2、N2的渗透速率符合Arrhenius关系式;CO2在复合中空纤维膜中的渗透由溶解-扩散和促进传递两方面主导,而N2的渗透符合溶解-扩散模型。     

D-色氨酸印迹中空纤维复合膜制备及其性能

以聚砜（PSF）中空纤维超滤膜为基膜，采用表面紫外光聚合方法制备了D-色氨酸印迹中空纤维复合膜(CMIHFCM)。由SEM分析表明经过表面聚合后的D-色氨酸印迹中空纤维复合膜表面具有层叠交联状复合层，其厚度约3 μm。实验结果表明D-色氨酸印迹中空纤维复合膜对模板分子D-色氨酸具有很好的识别作用，D,L-色氨酸的分离因子（α）最高可以达到5.0，大于非分子印迹复合膜的识别选择性。此外，引发剂的用量对D-色氨酸印迹中空纤维复合膜的识别性能有较大影响；当引发剂的浓度为1.0％，制得的D-色氨酸印迹中空纤维复合膜对D-色氨酸具有较好的识别性能，具有良好的应用前景。     

手性分子识别中空纤维复合膜制备及其性能的研究

以聚砜(PSF)中空纤维超滤膜为基膜,采用表面热聚合方法制备了L-DBTA印迹中空纤维复合膜.由SEM分析表明经过表面聚合后的L-DBTA印迹中空纤维复合膜表面具有层叠交联状复合层,其厚度约3 μm.复合层表面与层内具有许多"空穴",其直径在200 nm以下.实验结果表明L-DBTA印迹中空纤维复合膜对模板分子L-DBTA具有很好的识别作用,对L,D-DBTA的分离因子α可达2.7,而非分子印迹复合膜对L-DBTA的识别选择性不明显.此外,当引发剂的浓度为4.0%,60℃表面热聚合48 h制得的L-DBTA印迹中空纤维复合膜对L-DBTA具有较好的识别性能,具有良好的应用前景.     

Pervaporation separation of water/isopropanol mixtures through crosslinked carboxymethyl chitosan/polysulfone hollow‐fiber composite membranes

Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)/polysulfone (PS) hollow‐fiber composite membranes were prepared through glutaraldehyde (GA) as the crosslinking agent and PS hollow‐fiber ultrafiltration membrane as the support. The permeation and separation characteristics for dehydration of isopropanol were investigated by the pervaporation method. Pure chitosan, carboxymethyl chitosan, and crosslinked carboxymethyl chitosan membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) to study the crosslinking reaction mechanism and degree of crystallinity, respectively. The effects of feed composition, crosslinking agent, membrane thickness, and feed temperature on membrane performance were investigated. The results show that the crosslinked CMCS/PS hollow‐fiber composite membranes possess high selectivity and promising permeability. The permeation flux and separation factor for isopropanol/water is 38.6 g/m²h and 3238.5, using 87.5 wt % isopropanol concentration at 45°C, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1959–1965, 2007     

影响渗透汽化中空纤维复合膜分离性能的制备工艺研究

采用聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）为分离层的模材料,以浸涂工艺把ＰＶＡ复合到聚砜（ＰＳ）或聚丙烯腈（ＰＡＮ）的中空纤维支撑层上,在长度为０．４ｍ的不锈钢管中组装若干根中空纤维复合膜测定对乙醇水溶液的渗透汽化（ＰＶ）分离性能。结果表明,ＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ中空纤维复合膜的性能优于ＰＶＡ／ＰＳ,内径较大（１．３ｍｍ）的优于内径上（０．４ｍｍ）者,ＰＶＡ水溶液在中空纤维支撑层上的涂复次数对复合膜ＰＶ分离性能、以及ＰＶＡ／     

中空纤维PVA/PAN复合膜填料的乙醇水溶液精馏性能

以乙醇/水溶液为分离对象,中空纤维PVA/PAN复合膜作为精馏填料,考察了不同膜组件的传质分离效率。实验结果表明:各种组件的分离效率均随塔釜加热功率的增加而减小;和大多数中空纤维膜接触器一样,其总传质系数Ky随中空纤维膜组件填充密度φ的增加而减少;相比于传统精馏填料而言,用中空纤维膜做精馏填料分离乙醇水溶液的分离效果更好,可以在常规填料不能操作的液泛线以上进行操作。当塔釜加热功率为120 W,45根中空纤维膜封装在内径为1.6 cm玻璃管中的传质单元高度(HTU)为5.64 cm。     

中空纤维渗透汽化膜分离研究现状与展望

本文综述了中空纤维渗透汽化膜分离的研究进展,包括中空纤维支撑膜的制备、复合膜的制备方法、中空纤维渗透汽化膜的工业应用和中空纤维渗透汽化膜传质特性等几个方面,对这个方面所存在的问题以及今后发展方向进行了展望.     

中空纤维渗透汽化复合膜及组件研究进展

中空纤维渗透汽化膜组件具有器件小型化及成本较低等方面的优势,其工业应用潜力巨大。本文介绍了中空纤维渗透汽化复合膜及组件的研究进展,阐述了膜材料、成膜方法以及组件结构参数等对组件渗透汽化性能的影响,并对中空纤维渗透汽化膜组件的中试研究进行了总结。通过组件放大及中试研究发现,中空纤维渗透汽化膜组件的装填密度、长度以及抽吸方式均会影响其下游侧的真空度,从而影响其渗透汽化性能。膜材料的分子设计、组件的结构参数优化以及耐溶剂耐高温封装将是中空纤维渗透汽化膜组件未来工业放大过程中的关键环节。     

聚醚砜中空纤维膜的制备

讨论了在二次成形聚醚砜(PES)中空纤维膜的制备中,PES浓度和不同的填充液对中空纤维膜结构和性能的影响。结果发现:随着PES浓度的增大,中空纤维膜的水通量呈下降的趋势,确定了二次成形PES中空纤维膜制备中PES最佳浓度为24%;不同填充液与溶剂之间的相互扩散速率不同,得到了具有不同结构的聚醚砜中空纤维膜。随着填充液压力的提高,纤维的内径、外径增加,壁厚减小,水通量增大,一般填充液压力为0.020MPa。     

Polyvinyl alcohol/polysulfone (PVA/PSF) hollow fiber composite membranes for pervaporation separation of ethanol/water solution

Polysulfone (PSF) hollow fiber membranes were spun by phase‐inversion method from 29 wt % solids of 29 : 65 : 6 PSF/NMP/glycerol and 29 : 64 : 7 PSF/DMAc/glycol using 93.5 : 6.5 NMP/water and 94.5 : 5.5 DMAc/water as bore fluids, respectively, while the external coagulant was water. Polyvinyl alcohol/polysulfone (PVA/PSF) hollow fiber composite membranes were prepared after PSF hollow fiber membranes were coated using different PVA aqueous solutions, which were composed of PVA, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO₉), maleic acid (MAC), and water. Two coating methods (dip coating and vacuum coating) and different heat treatments were discussed. The effects of hollow fiber membrane treatment methods, membrane structures, ethanol solution temperatures, and MAC/PVA ratios on the pervaporation performance of 95 wt % ethanol/water solution were studied. Using the vacuum‐coating method, the suitable MAC/PVA ratio was 0.3 for the preparation of PVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membrane with the sponge‐like membrane structure. Its pervaporation performance was as follows: separation factor (α) was 185 while permeation flux (J) was 30g/m²·h at 50°C. Based on the experimental results, it was found that separation factor (α) of PVA/PSF composite membrane with single finger‐void membrane structure was higher than that with the sponge‐like membrane structure. Therefore, single finger‐void membrane structure as the supported membrane was more suitable than sponge‐like membrane structure for the preparation of PVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membrane. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 247–254, 2005     

CO2/CH4 separation using inside coated thin film composite hollow fiber membranes prepared by interfacial polymerization

Carbon dioxide(CO_2) is greenhouse gas which originates primarily as a main combustion product of biogas and landfill gas. To separate this gas, an inside coated thin film composite(TFC) hollow fiber membrane was developed by interfacial polymerization between 1,3–cyclohexanebis–methylamine(CHMA) and trimesoyl chloride(TMC). ATR-FTIR, SEM and AFM were used to characterize the active thin layer formed inside the PSf hollow fiber. The separation behavior of the CHMA-TMC/PSf membrane was scrutinized by studying various effects like feed gas pressure and temperature. Furthermore, the influence of CHMA concentration and TMC concentration on membrane morphology and performance were investigated. As a result, it was found that mutually the CHMA concentration and TMC concentration play key roles in determining membrane morphology and performance. Moreover, the CHMA-TMC/PSf composite membrane showed good CO_2/CH_4 separation performance. For CO_2/CH_4 mixture gas(30/70 by volume) test, the membrane(PD1 prepared by CHMA 1.0% and TMC 0.5%) showed a CO_2 permeance of 25 GPU and the best CO_2/CH_4 selectivity of 28 at stage cut of 0.1. The high CO_2/CH_4 separation performance of CHMA-TMC/PSf thin film composite membrane was mostly accredited to the thin film thickness and the properties of binary amino groups.     

水蒸气在中空纤维复合膜中渗透的微分阻力模型

建立了水蒸气在中空纤维复合膜中渗透的微分阻力模型，用实验验证了模型的可靠性。采用该模型估算出中空纤维膜的结构参数，研究了水蒸气在各层膜中的阻力，并以H2O/C2H2系统为例，考察了膜的结构参数对H2O/C2H2选择性的影响。