Theoretical analysis of polarization recognition between chaff cloud and ship

Aimed at the difficulty in finding an efficient method to depress and recognize chaff in both time and frequency domain,this paper tries to recognize chaff and target such as warship in polarization domain under the theoretical analysis of the polarization scattering cross section of chaff.In order to find target more exactly,non-linear polarization transformation and polarization smoothness are applied to process the polarization information of chaff and ship target.The resulting recognition is proved to be effective by simulation.     

雨杂波中介质圆柱目标的极化滤波增强

在极化域中对雨介质和目标的电磁波散射特性进行了研究．得出了雨区的散射矩阵和目标的散射矩阵．在毫米波段计算了雨区的后向散射引起的雨杂波功率密度随频率及降雨率的变化．对雨杂波中的有限长的介质圆柱目标的极化滤波增强进行了数值仿真,得到了其最优化信杂比在Poincare球上对应的位置,进而给出发射、接收天线应采取的最佳极化状态．     

Chaff Jamming Recognition of Radar

A modified chaff jamming recognition method of radar is investigated using grey relational analysis (GRA) based on the difference in echo correlation characteristics between a complex rigid target and chaff cloud in time domain.Slice method (SM),a novel modeling approach,is proposed to construct an electromagnetic scattering model of chaff cloud in a scenario with slowly moving platform that is targeted.The diffusion characteristics and echo characteristics of the chaff cloud are analyzed.The GRA of a real target and chaff cloud shows that the adjacent return waves have a good correlation for the target but a weak correlation for chaff cloud.Since the correlation degree of chaff cloud's echo is far lower than that of a complex rigid target's,the chaff jamming can be identified by setting a reasonable threshold.Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of this method.     

Chaff Jamming Recognition of Radar

A modified chaff jamming recognition method of radar is investigated using grey relational analysis (GRA) based on the difference in echo correlation characteristics between a complex rigid target and chaff cloud in time domain.Slice method (SM),a novel modeling approach,is proposed to construct an electromagnetic scattering model of chaff cloud in a scenario with slowly moving platform that is targeted.The diffusion characteristics and echo characteristics of the chaff cloud are analyzed.The GRA of a real target and chaff cloud shows that the adjacent return waves have a good correlation for the target but a weak correlation for chaff cloud.Since the correlation degree of chaff cloud's echo is far lower than that of a complex rigid target's,the chaff jamming can be identified by setting a reasonable threshold.Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of this method.     

利用宽带回波的目标微动参数提取方法

高速目标平动补偿是弹道目标微动特征信息提取中一个较难解决的问题.利用弹道导弹宽带回波信号,提出了一种基于散射中心极化散射特性的非相干宽带回波对齐方法,通过极化相似性参数实现散射点中心对齐,并利用目标散射中心的高分辨一维距离像走动提取瞬时微动参数,对目标的尺寸和微动参数进行估计.仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效地在较低信噪比下实现包络对齐与微动参数提取,为后续工程化应用奠定了理论基础.     

基于高分辨距离像子带融合的目标识别新算法

针对雷达高分辨距离像(HRRP)目标识别问题,提出一种最大相关系数投票准则子带融合识别算法。对目标回波进行子带划分,分别进行幂变换预处理获得子带距离像,通过实验证明HRRP不同频段的子带距离像均含有目标信息,可以从中提取特征信息用于目标识别。理论分析表明新算法计算复杂度低,可实际应用于雷达自动目标识别。实验仿真显示,新方法不仅能够利用回波信息提高识别率,还具有拒判功能,可提高目标识别的准确度。     

降雨融化层对电波散射与衰减特性的研究

提出了更为切合实际的融化粒子的涂水雪球模型，应用涂层球的计算方法计算了不同大小和不同融化状态下的融化粒子的散射特性及反照率。结果表明频率在6及10GHZ时，粒子的反照率较雨滴和冰球的大，计算了不同降雨率，不同融化度状态下融化层的单位距离衰减及整个融化层的衰减和散射损耗，结果表明，用涂水雪球模型计算的融化层的衰减稍大于用Mie理论计算的等效雨区的衰减；在频率较低时，融化层的散射损耗大于等效雨区的散射损耗，随着频率的升高，散射损耗的相对差值变小，这与雷达观测和文献中结果均相符，说明这种融化粒子模型是正确可行的，较雨滴成冰球模型更切合实际。     

Practical calibration method for instantaneous polarization radar systems utilizing a metal sphere

A practical calibration method is proposed for instantaneous polarization radar systems.The method only needs one measurement by using a metal sphere.The distortions of system and the actual polarization scattering matrix（PSM）of target can be obtained.First,an instantaneous polarization radar system is presented.The system can obtain PSM by a single pulse echo.The dual-polarization antenna can transmit and receive two orthogonal polarization waves.The multilayer micro-strip patch antenna is adopted for this kind of radar system.Second,based on the multi-port network theory,the operation and system errors of instantaneous polarization radar system are analyzed.By making assumption on the cross-talk factors of antenna,distortion matrices of R and Tare derived.Finally,the calibration method based on instantaneous polarization measurement is introduced.Simulation results show the performance of this calibration method.The values of calibrated PSM are in agreement with the actual ones after calibration.     

计算二维海面极化电磁散射的新方法

在基尔霍夫散射面元矩阵的基础上研究了一种计算二维模拟海面电磁极化散射的新方法,采用海面高度起伏矩阵以及x和y方向海面斜率矩阵描述二维海面,利用基尔霍夫近似推导出笛卡尔坐标系下椭圆极化入射时海面的散射场,得到了全极化雷达散射模型．仿真了不同条件下分形海面模型的全极化雷达后向散射截面及极化特征图,数值结果符合海面散射规律．由于该方法是对二维海面模型进行离散化分析,因此适用于多种海面模型．     

Study on target characteristic polarization state in co-polarized channel for the coherent case

The target characteristic polarization state in the co-polarized channel for the coherent case was studied in greater detail, with emphasis on the analysis of the characteristic polarization states variable with the target parameters. The Sinclair backscatter matrix was diagonalized under the change of polarization basis via a unitary transformation matrix. Then the diagonal matrix was parameterized by four parameters viz. matrix amplitude, absolute phase, amplitude ratio and phase difference. The behavior of the characteristic polarization states with the varieties of target parameters was discussed together with the power density plot. The characteristic polarization states were displayed on the Poincare sphere and six conclusions were obtained, which provide theoretic support for decreasing the computational complexity of target characteristic polarization state, or anticipating its position in the power density plot. Several simple target cases were considered for validating these conclusions. Supported by Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, China     

基于大气散射模型的偏振图像去雾方法

雾霾天气越来越常见,导致所采集图像的应用价值降低,因此如何获得清晰度高的图像成为计算机视觉等领域重点研究的内容。在大气散射模型的基础上提出一种利用图像偏振信息的去雾方法。该方法首先利用偏振成像系统获取平行和垂直方向的两幅偏振图像,结合暗原色先验理论自动估计大气光强信息,估计传输率图并采用改进的导向滤波的方法优化传输率图,最终实现图像去雾。实验结果表明,该算法提高了图像的清晰度及对比度,有效改善了雾天条件下景物的视觉效果。     

混合体制雷达网弹道目标进动特征提取

针对同构组网雷达在提取弹道目标微动参数中存在的不足,提出了一种混合体制雷达网在获取目标散射中心数量不一致的条件下弹道目标进动特征提取方法.首先,对弹道目标进动和宽、窄带雷达信号进行了建模,分析了目标散射中心在窄带雷达和宽带雷达下的回波特性.根据目标散射中心的雷达回波特性,利用散射中心调制系数法实现了目标散射中心在不同雷达之间的匹配关联.然后,对宽带雷达获得的散射中心距离像信息进行分析,并利用广义Radon变换对距离像信息进行变换,通过变换关系求解得到了目标进动角.最后,构建宽窄带雷达微多普勒信息联合方程组,在求得进动角的基础上实现了雷达视角和结构参数的求解,接着采用二分法对三种求解组合得到的参数进行优化,进一步利用优化后的参数联立三维矢量求解方程组,求得了三维锥旋矢量.仿真结果表明,在信噪比大于5dB时,宽带雷达网参数求解精度与混合体制雷达网参数求解精度接近,且均比窄带雷达网参数求解精度高,从而验证了本文方法的有效性.     

双基地偏振雷达探测时小旋转椭球雨滴的侧向散射特性

从旋转椭球粒子散射理论出发,给出单个小旋转椭球雨滴在入射不同偏振波时的散射函数,并对其在不同仰角情况的数学图形和物理意义做了讨论,为推导基于椭球雨滴群的双基地偏振雷达方程、研究椭球雨滴群对双基地线偏振雷达探测能力的影响、处理和分析双基地偏振雷达资料,提供了理论依据.     

利用极化信息的高频地波雷达TBD检测算法

为解决复杂的杂波背景造成高频地波雷达目标检测上的困难,针对高频地波雷达的极化特性,提出了一种将极化信息与传统动态规划算法相结合的TBD检测新方法.该方法利用运动目标方向信息和极化信息对算法进行优化,并通过预检测减小计算量.在高斯背景和高频地波雷达实测数据中的仿真和检测结果表明,存在电离层杂波干扰时,基于极化信息的检测前跟踪新方法比传统动态规划算法性能明显提高.     

Restoring Polarization Angle Map for High-Fidelity Underwater Imaging

Obtaining polarization information enables researchers to enhance underwater imaging quality by removing backscattering effect and to distinguish targets of different materials. However, due to the simplified assumption of unpolarized target light, most of the existing underwater polarimetric methods lose part of the polarization information, resulting in degraded imaging quality. In this work, a novel underwater polarimetric method is reported, which obtains the angle of polarization (AOP) map to improve imaging quality. Specifically, the Stokes vectors were exploited to remove the backscattering effect by obtaining two pairs of orthogonal polarization sub-images of the underwater scene. The target reflected light and the angle between the polarization directions of the target reflected light and the backscattered light were computed through the two groups of the orthogonal polarized sub-images. The AOP map of the target light could be derived from the Stokes vectors. Then, the transmission map of the target light was estimated by using the non-local color priorly combined with the properties of light propagating underwater. Experiments show that the reported technique enables distinguishing different targets when the colors are similar. The quantitative metrics validate that the reported technique produces state-of-the-art performance for underwater imaging.     

飞机目标及箔条干扰回波仿真

目标及箔条回波信号的仿真是检验箔条干扰性能的一种有效方法.本文针对箔条无源干扰技术,在箔条质心式干扰原理的基础上,建立了箔条干扰回波及飞机目标回波的数学模型,并对飞机目标及箔条干扰的回波进行了仿真,仿真结果表明箔条干扰使目标回波信号完全淹没在箔条杂波中难以检测,具有良好的干扰效果.     

非下采样剪切波的红外偏振图像融合

针对传统红外目标探测技术中的探测率较低,无法分辨红外伪装的军事目标等缺点,提出区域显著性的非下采样Shearlets变换(NSST)方法融合图像,运用NSST能够将图像精细的分解在频率域,在频率域根据图像显著性分布权重确定融合规则,经过NSST反变换得到融合后图像.结合中波与长波红外实拍实验,比较该方法与其他常用融合方法,结果表明,区域显著性的NSST融合图像噪声信息少、对比度、信息熵及互信息值均较高,方法适合偏振图像的融合,有利于目标的识别与探测.     

大气散射校正静态实时偏振图像去雾技术

为了在雾霾天气下实现静态实时图像去雾,研究了大气衰减模型,分析了大气溶胶对成像的影响和大气散的射校正方法,提出了偏振去雾方法的技术原理.利用斯托克斯参数和穆勒矩阵实现原始数据的静态获取,基于偏振测量结果实现天空区域的实时提取,通过提取结果定性和定量分析,找到了偏振角范围和大气散射光强度阈值的规律性,实现了静态实时偏振去雾.静态实时偏振去雾方法将原始数据由不确定的偏振图像改变为固定的偏振图像,克服了对手动操作和主观评价的依赖,简化了去雾流程,解决了复杂的全局参数估计问题,提高了图像复原的准确度.所提出的静态实时偏振去雾方法为雾霾天气下高分辨、高稳定性和高实时性成像提供了新的理论和技术手段.     

有限长圆柱后向散射场的极化特性

应用物理光学和一致性几何绕射理论给出了有限长导体圆柱在完全平面极化电磁波照射下后向散射场的极化散射矩阵表示式，分析了圆柱体后向散射场的极化特性。     

严重拖尾杂波中距离扩展目标的自适应极化检测

为了解决统计特性未知的严重拖尾杂波背景下距离扩展目标的信号检测问题,提出了一种基于广义似然比检验(GLRT)的自适应极化检测器．该检测器利用了雷达回波的极化信息,并使用辅助数据估计杂波的协方差矩阵．推导了其虚警概率表达式,理论分析验证了该检测器对于杂波能量和杂波协方差矩阵具有恒虚警特性．仿真结果表明,该自适应极化检测器在较低信杂比下就可以获得好的检测性能,且相比于点目标自适应极化检测器和单极化自适应检测器,具有更优的检测性能．