语后聋人工耳蜗患者音乐节奏与音色感知能力的评价

目的 评价成人语后聋人工耳蜗使用者感知音乐中节奏和音色的能力.方法 选取年龄与音乐经验相匹配的听力正常受试者与人工耳蜗使用者各12名,均为男5名,女7名.应用人工耳蜗音乐评估软件( Musical Sounds in Cochlear Implants,MuSIC)中的节奏辨别、乐器识别与乐器数辨别测试评价两组受试者的音乐节奏和音色感知能力.结果 12名人工耳蜗受试者平均节奏辨别率为84.4％,与听力正常受试者(85.1％)比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.116,P＞0.05);人工耳蜗受试者平均乐器识别率为72.3％、乐器数辨别正确率为39.2％,均低于听力正常受试者平均88.3％和73.5％的正确率,差异具有统计学意义(t值分别为2.498和4.673,P值均＜0.05).结论 成人语后聋人工耳蜗使用者的节奏辨别能力与听力正常人相似,但音色感知能力明显差于听力正常人群.     

成年人工耳蜗植入者对音乐音色感知的特点与分析

目的：评价语后聋成年人工耳蜗植入者对音乐音色的识别能力,探讨人工耳蜗植入者与听力正常者在音乐音色感知中的差异及可能的机制。方法实验组为人工耳蜗植入时间≥0．5年的成年语后聋患者30例,对照组为30例听力正常成人。使用人工耳蜗音乐评估软件（M u ．S ．I ．C ）对两组受试者进行不同音色（包括来自不同乐器家族且具有代表性的六种乐器以及男高音、女高音）识别能力的测试,记录并比较两组的识别正确率。结果①实验组音色识别正确率49．23％±18．93％,对照组90．23％±12．28％,后者高于前者（ P＜0．001）;实验组识别正确率：男高音（76．7％）最高、钢琴（73．3％）次之,吉他（23．3％）最低。②实验组对每种音色的错选率均高于对照组,且选择更为分散,其中将吉他误选为钢琴的错选率最高（66．7％）;其次为长笛错选为小号（33．3％）。结论人工耳蜗植入者对音乐音色的识别能力低于听力正常者,并且容易造成弦乐器之间、管乐器之间的混淆。     

语后聋人工耳蜗植入患者音乐音调感知能力的评价

目的探讨语后聋成人人工耳蜗使用者感知音乐音调的能力。方法使用慕尼黑音乐经验问卷(Munich music questionnaire,MUMU)评估12例听力正常受试者(听力正常组,男5例,女7例)与12例人工耳蜗使用者(人工耳蜗组,男5例,女7例)的年龄与音乐经验的匹配程度。使用Fitzgerald等开发的人工耳蜗音乐评估软件(MuSIC)中的音调辨差阈值测试、旋律辨别与和弦辨别测试评估人工耳蜗使用者的音乐音调感知能力。结果听力正常组与人工耳蜗组的年龄与音乐经验相匹配。人工耳蜗组F3调的音调辨差阈值平均为16.2个1/4音,C4调的音调辨差阈值平均为6.2个1/4音,均显著高于听力正常组(P<0.05)。人工耳蜗组的旋律辨别测试平均正确率为69.8%,和弦辨别测试的平均正确率为72.4%,与听力正常组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。人工耳蜗组耳蜗植入前助听器使用时间与其植入后聆听音乐的经验均与其音调辨差阈值显著相关(P<0.05)。结论语后聋成人人工耳蜗使用者的音调辨差阈值显著高于听力正常人,但个体差异较大,其音乐音调感知能力与人工耳蜗植入前助听器佩戴时间以及植入后聆听音乐的经验相关。     

人工耳蜗植入患者对西洋乐器和民族乐器感知研究

目的分析人工耳蜗植入患者对西洋乐器和我国民族乐器感知能力的差异，探讨人工耳蜗植入者与听力正常者在音乐音色感知的规律特征和听配能差异。方法耳蜗组和对照组受试者各20例，使用音乐感知评估平台对两组受试者进行音色识别能力测试，记录并比较两组音色识别正确率和总应答反应时间。结果①耳蜗组音色识别正确率（80.42±11.87）%，显著低于对照组正确率（96.67±4.19）%，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。②耳蜗组对我国民族乐器（琵琶、二胡）识别正确率82.50%，西洋乐器正确率80.00%，两者差异无统计学意义（P=0.664）。③耳蜗组对音色测试总应答反应时间（170.50±21.81）s，与对照组（161.85±18.18）s比较，差异无统计学意义（t=1.363，P＞0.05）。结论人工耳蜗植入患者对音乐音色的感知能力显著低于听力正常者，在测听任务过程中所需听配能增加，并且容易混淆管弦乐器。对比西洋乐器，人工耳蜗植入患者对我国民族乐器的感知无明显优势。     

音乐评估系统MuSIC的正常值研究

目的:分析听力正常人音乐感知数据,为获得我国听力正常人的音乐感知正常值提供依据。方法:选取听力正常受试者39例,男18例,女21例。应用人工耳蜗音乐评估软件评价听力正常受试者的音乐感知能力。结果:39例听力正常受试者对弦乐器的音调辨差阈值中位数为2.5个半音,对长笛的音调辨差阈值中位数为0.5个半音,平均节奏辨别率为(86.1±11.2)%,平均旋律辨别率为(76.5±11.1)%,平均和弦辨别率为(75.6±11.4)%,乐器识别平均正确率为(89.9±13.0)%,乐器数辨别平均正确率(74.1±20.7)%。结论:该软件初步可以用于我国人音乐评估,需要进一步补充适合我国文化特色的音乐测试材料。     

儿童人工耳蜗植入术后音乐能力发育研究

目的：探讨儿童人工耳蜗植入术后音乐能力的发展趋势,为人工耳蜗植入儿童音乐能力评估提供临床资料。方法：26例人工耳蜗植入儿童,手术年龄为11～68个月,平均35．6个月;以76例1～24月龄的听力正常婴幼儿作为对照组,平均月龄6．1个月。使用小龄人工耳蜗儿童音乐能力等级量表进行评估。人工耳蜗植入儿童评估分别在开机时,开机后1、3、6、9、12及24个月时进行;听力正常婴幼儿评估分别在1、3、6、9、12及24月龄时进行。结果：人工耳蜗植入儿童的音乐能力得分随人工耳蜗使用时间的延长而显著提高（P〈O．05）,听力正常婴幼儿的音乐能力得分亦随年龄的增长而显著提高（P〈O．05）。经两样本比较的秩和检验,人工耳蜗植入儿童与听力正常婴幼儿在听力年龄为1、3、6、9、12个月时音乐能力得分的差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）,在听力年龄为24个月时音乐能力得分的差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论：人工耳蜗植入儿童开机后音乐能力随人工耳蜗使用时间的延长而显著提高,并在开机12个月内呈现快速增长趋势。     

基于中国文化背景临床音乐感知评估软件在听力正常人群中的可行性分析

目的 通过听力正常人群的测试，对具有中国文化背景的临床音乐感知评估(music assessment in clinical, MAC)软件的可行性进行初步探索。方法 对40例听力正常者(男17例，女23例，年龄18～37岁)分别进行MAC中的音调辨差阈、旋律感知、乐器识别(音色识别)三个项目测试，以及国际通用的人工耳蜗音乐感知评估软件(musical sounds in cochlear implants perception, Mu.S.I.C)对应的音调辨别、旋律感知、乐器识别三项测试，对结果进行比较；同时记录测试时长，分析受试者对两款软件测试项目的主观喜好感觉评分。结果 (1)受试者对两款软件的音调、旋律、音色三项测试的主观喜好度相近(P>0.05),两款软件测试项目的测试时长相近(P>0.05);(2)MAC软件音调辨差阈值均为1个1/4音，Mu.S.I.C软件平均音调辨差阈值为7.47±6.42个1/4音，两者存在统计学差异(P<0.01);(3)MAC软件平均旋律感知正确率(95.63%±6.76%)较Mu.S.I.C软件的旋律感知正确率(84.13%±...     

诺尔康人工耳蜗植人者的声调识别与生活质量评价

目的：评估诺尔康人工耳蜗植入者对普通话的声调识别能力和术后生活质量。方法：49例植入诺尔康人工耳蜗1年的受试者，使用课题组前期编制的声调识别测试软件，评估植入者的声调识别能力；使用Ni-jmegen人工耳蜗植入量表（NCIQ），评估植人者术后生活质量。结果：①安静条件下声调识别率平均为67．26％，全部高于机会水平；②噪声条件下声调识别率平均为51．92％，除2例植入者的声调识别率低于机会水平外，其余均高于机会水平；③声调识别混淆矩阵结果显示，三声为较容易辨别的声调；④术后NCIQ总分及基本声音感知、高级声音感知、言语能力、自信心、活动能力和交流能力均获得改善，分别为55．4、72．4、54．0、63．4、50．7、47．3和44．7分。结论：诺尔康人工耳蜗植入者术后具有声调识别能力并可获得生活质量的改善。     

人工耳蜗植入者音乐感知能力的初步研究

目的　建立测试人工耳蜗植入者音乐感知能力的体系 ,研究语后聋成人和语前聋儿童人工耳蜗植入后对音乐感知的能力。方法　构建测试用的标准钢琴音调和乐曲测试素材库 ,运用该素材库在CakewalkPro 8.0平台上进行音调和乐曲的感知能力测试 ,测试对象包括已植入多导人工耳蜗的 2名语后聋成人、8名语前聋儿童和各自的正常对照组。结果　建立了一个可用于人工耳蜗植入者音乐感知能力测试的系统。音调差异感知阈 (df/f)在植入人工耳蜗的语后聋成人和语前聋儿童分别为 7.78%± 6 .6 3%和 14 .4 9%± 11.2 0 % ,与各自正常人对照组比较有显著性差异 ;但两组间无显著性差异。植入人工耳蜗的语后聋成人在熟悉乐曲测试中 ,对正确乐曲的感知差异度为 - 2 .75± 0 .35 (半音 ) ,离散度为 1.5 0± 0 .71(半音 ) ,都与正常成人有显著性差异。结论　运用数字音乐技术和MIDI软件建立的这一测试系统能够方便的测试人工耳蜗植入者的音乐感知能力。人工耳蜗植入者音乐感知能力不及正常人     

人工耳蜗植入儿童听力言语辨别能力研究

目的 评估人工耳蜗植入儿童听力言语辨别能力,为听力言语康复训练提供科学依据.方法 应用儿童听力言语康复分类训练及评估的汉语视听系统对32例人工耳蜗植入儿童进行字词长短、声调辨别、元音辨别及辅音辨别测试,通过分析其言语辨别得分情况,评估人工耳蜗植入儿童的听力言语辨别能力.结果 字词长短、声调辨别、元音辨别及辅音辨别得分分别为96.69、81.52、87.96和69.28分,经统计学分析,不同测试项目和不同受试者间的辨别差异均具有统计学意义. 结论 ①人工耳蜗植入儿童对于字词长短、声调辨别、元音辨别及辅音辨别的难易度具有显著性差异,听力言语康复训练应遵从难易程度循序渐进的开展;②人工耳蜗植入儿童在声调辨别、元音辨别及辅音辨别测试中呈现出较大的个体差异;③人工耳蜗植入儿童声调辨别得分与其在语音学中难易程度相比明显下降.     

Recognition of familiar melodies by adult cochlear implant recipients and normal-hearing adults

The purpose of this study was to compare melody recognition and pitch perception of adult cochlear implant recipients and normal-hearing adults and to identify factors that influence the ability of implant users to recognize familiar melodies. Forty-nine experienced cochlear implant recipients and 18 normal-hearing adults were tested on familiar melody recognition. The normal-hearing adults were significantly (p < 0.0001) more accurate than implant recipients. Implant recipients showed considerable variability in perception of complex tones and pure tones. There were significant negative correlations between melody recognition, age at the time of testing, length of profound deafness and complex-tone perception, and significant positive relations between melody recognition and speech recognition scores.     

Recognition of familiar melodies by adult cochlear implant recipients and normal-hearing adults

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare melody recognition and pitch perception of adult cochlear implant recipients and normal-hearing adults and to identify factors that influence the ability of implant users to recognize familiar melodies. Forty-nine experienced cochlear implant recipients and 18 normal-hearing adults were tested on familiar melody recognition. The normal-hearing adults were significantly (p < 0.0001) more accurate than implant recipients. Implant recipients showed considerable variability in perception of complex tones and pure tones. There were significant negative correlations between melody recognition, age at the time of testing, length of profound deafness and complex-tone perception, and significant positive relations between melody recognition and speech recognition scores.     

Music perception with temporal cues in acoustic and electric hearing

OBJECTIVE: The first specific aim of the present study is to compare the ability of normal-hearing and cochlear implant listeners to use temporal cues in three music perception tasks: tempo discrimination, rhythmic pattern identification, and melody identification. The second aim is to identify the relative contribution of temporal and spectral cues to melody recognition in acoustic and electric hearing. DESIGN: Both normal-hearing and cochlear implant listeners participated in the experiments. Tempo discrimination was measured in a two-interval forced-choice procedure in which subjects were asked to choose the faster tempo at four standard tempo conditions (60, 80, 100, and 120 beats per minute). For rhythmic pattern identification, seven different rhythmic patterns were created and subjects were asked to read and choose the musical notation displayed on the screen that corresponded to the rhythmic pattern presented. Melody identification was evaluated with two sets of 12 familiar melodies. One set contained both rhythm and melody information (rhythm condition), whereas the other set contained only melody information (no-rhythm condition). Melody stimuli were also processed to extract the slowly varying temporal envelope from 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 frequency bands, to create cochlear implant simulations. Subjects listened to a melody and had to respond by choosing one of the 12 names corresponding to the melodies displayed on a computer screen. RESULTS: In tempo discrimination, the cochlear implant listeners performed similarly to the normal-hearing listeners with rate discrimination difference limens obtained at 4-6 beats per minute. In rhythmic pattern identification, the cochlear implant listeners performed 5-25 percentage points poorer than the normal-hearing listeners. The normal-hearing listeners achieved perfect scores in melody identification with and without the rhythmic cues. However, the cochlear implant listeners performed significantly poorer than the normal-hearing listeners in both rhythm and no-rhythm conditions. The simulation results from normal-hearing listeners showed a relatively high level of performance for all numbers of frequency bands in the rhythm condition but required as many as 32 bands in the no-rhythm condition. CONCLUSIONS: Cochlear-implant listeners performed normally in tempo discrimination, but significantly poorer than normal-hearing listeners in rhythmic pattern identification and melody recognition. While both temporal (rhythmic) and spectral (pitch) cues contribute to melody recognition, cochlear-implant listeners mostly relied on the rhythmic cues for melody recognition. Without the rhythmic cues, high spectral resolution with as many as 32 bands was needed for melody recognition for normal-hearing listeners. This result indicates that the present cochlear implants provide sufficient spectral cues to support speech recognition in quiet, but they are not adequate to support music perception. Increasing the number of functional channels and improved encoding of the fine structure information are necessary to improve music perception for cochlear implant listeners.     

Music Perception in Adult Cochlear Implant Recipients

Objective --To evaluate musical perception in adult cochlear implant (CI) recipients, i.e. perceptual accuracy for pitch, timbre, rhythmic patterns and song identification. Material and Methods --Twenty-nine adult patients were included in this transverse single-center study. Evaluative measures included tests assessing ability to discriminate pitch, rhythm and timbre and to identify nursery songs with and without verbal cues. Performance scores were correlated with duration of deafness, duration of implantation, speech discrimination and musical perception skills. Results --A total of 38% of patients reported that they did not enjoy listening to music with their device and 86% presented lower scores of listening habits after implantation. We found positive correlations between musical background and pitch identification and identification of nursery songs played by piano. We also found positive correlations between speech discrimination and rhythm, timbre and identification of nursery songs with verbal cues. Conclusion --Trends in the patterns of correlation between speech and music perception suggest that music patterns are differentially accessible to CI users. New processing strategies may improve this.     

Music perception in adult cochlear implant recipients

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate musical perception in adult cochlear implant (CI) recipients, i.e. perceptual accuracy for pitch, timbre, rhythmic patterns and song identification. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-nine adult patients were included in this transverse single-center study. Evaluative measures included tests assessing ability to discriminate pitch, rhythm and timbre and to identify nursery songs with and without verbal cues. Performance scores were correlated with duration of deafness, duration of implantation, speech discrimination and musical perception skills. RESULTS: A total of 38% of patients reported that they did not enjoy listening to music with their device and 86% presented lower scores of listening habits after implantation. We found positive correlations between musical background and pitch identification and identification of nursery songs played by piano. We also found positive correlations between speech discrimination and rhythm, timbre and identification of nursery songs with verbal cues. CONCLUSION: Trends in the patterns of correlation between speech and music perception suggest that music patterns are differentially accessible to CI users. New processing strategies may improve this.     

Effects of frequency, instrumental family, and cochlear implant type on timbre recognition and appraisal

The purpose of this study was to compare postlingually deafened cochlear implant recipients and normal-hearing adults on timbre (tone quality) recognition and appraisal of 8 musical instruments representing 3 frequency ranges and 4 instrumental families. The implant recipients were significantly less accurate than the normal-hearing adults on timbre recognition. The implant recipients gave significantly poorer ratings than did the normal-hearing adults to those instruments played in the higher frequency range and to those from the string family. The timbre measures were weakly correlated with speech perception measures, but were significantly correlated with 3 cognitive measures of sequential processing.     

Recognition of "real-world" musical excerpts by cochlear implant recipients and normal-hearing adults

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were (a) to compare recognition of "real-world" music excerpts by postlingually deafened adults using cochlear implants and normal-hearing adults; (b) to compare the performance of cochlear implant recipients using different devices and processing strategies; and (c) to examine the variability among implant recipients in recognition of musical selections in relation to performance on speech perception tests, performance on cognitive tests, and demographic variables. DESIGN: Seventy-nine cochlear implant users and 30 normal-hearing adults were tested on open-set recognition of systematically selected excerpts from musical recordings heard in real life. The recognition accuracy of the two groups was compared for three musical genre: classical, country, and pop. Recognition accuracy was correlated with speech recognition scores, cognitive measures, and demographic measures, including musical background. RESULTS: Cochlear implant recipients were significantly less accurate in recognition of previously familiar (known before hearing loss) musical excerpts than normal-hearing adults (p < 0.001) for all three genre. Implant recipients were most accurate in the recognition of country items and least accurate in the recognition of classical items. There were no significant differences among implant recipients due to implant type (Nucleus, Clarion, or Ineraid), or programming strategy (SPEAK, CIS, or ACE). For cochlear implant recipients, correlations between melody recognition and other measures were moderate to weak in strength; those with statistically significant correlations included age at time of testing (negatively correlated), performance on selected speech perception tests, and the amount of focused music listening following implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Current-day cochlear implants are not effective in transmitting several key structural features (i.e., pitch, harmony, timbral blends) of music essential to open-set recognition of well-known musical selections. Consequently, implant recipients must rely on extracting those musical features most accessible through the implant, such as song lyrics or a characteristic rhythm pattern, to identify the sorts of musical selections heard in everyday life.     

A cochlear implant user with exceptional musical hearing ability

Abstract

Although the perception of music is generally poor in cochlear implant users, there are a few excellent performers. Objective: The aim of this study was the assessment of different aspects of music perception in one exceptional cochlear implant user. Design: The assessments included pitch direction discrimination, melody and timbre recognition, relative and absolute pitch judgment, and consonance rating of musical notes presented through the sound processor(s). Study sample: An adult cochlear implant user with musical background who lost her hearing postlingually, and five normally-hearing listeners with musical training participated in the study. Results: The CI user discriminated pitch direction for sounds differing by one semitone and recognized melody with nearly 100% accuracy. Her results in timbre recognition were better than average published data for cochlear implant users. Her consonance rating, and relative and absolute pitch perception were comparable to normally-hearing listeners with musical training. Conclusion: The results in this study showed that excellent performance is possible on musical perception tasks including pitch perception using present day cochlear implant technologies. Factors that may explain this user's exceptional performance are short duration of deafness, pre- and post-deafness musical training, and perfect pitch abilities before the onset of deafness.     

The effect of cochlear implantation on music perception by adults with usable pre-operative acoustic hearing

This study investigated the change in music perception of adults undergoing cochlear implantation. Nine adults scheduled for a cochlear implant (CI) were assessed on a music test battery both prior to implantation (whilst using hearing aids; HAs), and three months after activation of their CIs. The results were compared with data from a group of longer-term CI users and a group of HA-only users. The tests comprised assessments of rhythm, pitch, instrument, and melody perception. Pre-to-post surgery comparisons showed no significant difference in the rhythm, melody, and instrument identification scores. Subjects’ scores were significantly lower post-implant for ranking pitch intervals of one octave and a quarter octave (p=0.007, and p<0.001, respectively), and were only at chance levels for the smaller interval. However, although pitch perception was generally poorer with a CI than with a HA, it is likely that the use of both devices simultaneously could have provided higher scores for these subjects. Analysis of the other tests’ results provided insights into factors affecting music perception for adults with severe to profound hearing impairment.     

The effect of cochlear implantation on music perception by adults with usable pre-operative acoustic hearing

This study investigated the change in music perception of adults undergoing cochlear implantation. Nine adults scheduled for a cochlear implant (CI) were assessed on a music test battery both prior to implantation (whilst using hearing aids; HAs), and three months after activation of their CIs. The results were compared with data from a group of longer-term CI users and a group of HA-only users. The tests comprised assessments of rhythm, pitch, instrument, and melody perception. Pre-to-post surgery comparisons showed no significant difference in the rhythm, melody, and instrument identification scores. Subjects' scores were significantly lower post-implant for ranking pitch intervals of one octave and a quarter octave (p=0.007, and p<0.001, respectively), and were only at chance levels for the smaller interval. However, although pitch perception was generally poorer with a CI than with a HA, it is likely that the use of both devices simultaneously could have provided higher scores for these subjects. Analysis of the other tests' results provided insights into factors affecting music perception for adults with severe to profound hearing impairment.