碱木素电化学氧化的研究

用二氧化铅电极对竹类碱木素的碱性水溶液进行电化学氧化。根据氧化前后甲氧基含量及其红外光谱（IR）和核磁共振氢谱（1H－NMR）分析表明，二氧化铅电极的电氧化能脱除甲氧基，氧化醇羟基，破坏芳香环，使其羧基含量增加，而酚羟基的含量随氧化时间的延长有一个增加到减小的过程。凝胶色谱法（GPC）测量的结果表明，碱木素在氧化过程中，分子量分布变化很大，其平均分子量随着氧化时间的延长而先增高后降低，表明氧化过程中，同时发生了聚合反应和降解反应。用色谱质港联用仪（G－MS）检测到了降解产生的四种脂肪族化合物，没有得到芳香族的低分子化合物。     

新型二氧化铅电极降解苯胺废水的动力学研究

以自制的一种新型二氧化铅电极为阳极,多孔石墨为阴极,在不同的温度条件下为苯胺废水进行电催化降解。研究表明,苯胺废水的降解过程符合准一级反应动力学过程,其相关系数在0.99以上,电催化降解苯胺的活化能约为10.62kJ·mol-1,远低于一般化学反应的活化能力60～250kJ·mol-1,表明电催化过程降解高浓度有机废水具有很大的潜力。     

钛基体二氧化铅电极改性研究进展

本文介绍以钛金属为基体的二氧化铅阳极材料的改性研究进展,针对钛基体二氧化铅电极氧化技术在催化活性与稳定性上的不足,主要从基体、中间层、表面活性层三个方面的改性研究进行概括总结,包括基体改性、增加电极镀层、掺杂金属元素、离子、氧化物、活性颗粒改性等方法,指出了二氧化铅电极在处理废水和目标污染物降解机制存在的问题,并对其未来的发展方向进行展望.     

新型天然交联剂氧化海藻酸钠制备及其性能研究

用高碘酸钠氧化海藻酸钠(ALG),制备具有二醛结构的部分氧化海藻酸钠(ADA),对醛基化过程中ALG结构、氧化度、醛基含量和粘均分子量进行研究.以剩余NaIO4与KI反应的碘显色法,考察ALG氧化程度,得出氧化动力学曲线;用粘度法得到ADA分子量.结果表明,ALG的氧化度随高碘酸钠量的增加而增加,12 h后在70%左右趋于平缓;氧化反应因为自由基存在,ALG由原来的分子量为28万变为氧化后的1万左右,并不随高碘酸钠用量的变化而变化.制得的ADA与壳聚糖溶液反应.交联生成凝胶,并且凝胶时间与ADA浓度增加而缩短,证明其具有交联作用,为应用于支架材料复合打下基础.     

葡萄糖、淀粉、苯酚电化学氧化耦合制氢行为

电化学氧化处理有机废水的过程中阳极区降解废水中的有机物,同时在阴极耦合制氢回收清洁能源。选取苯酚、葡萄糖和淀粉为研究对象,研究了相同COD浓度不同有机物的降解效果、产氢量以及他们之间的关系。研究结果表明不同有机物的降解效果由于结构和性质的不同而不同,产氢量也随之变化。苯酚降解效果最好,产氢量和产氢速率最大。对苯酚降解动力学进一步研究表明苯酚的降解是一级动力学过程,在5 V和10 V条件下的反应平衡常数分别为0.01498 h 1和0.1202 h 1,反应速率随电压升高而增大。研究结果为不同类型的有机废水选择合理的处理工艺提供了理论依据。     

高级氧化处理工业废水过程中的毒性变化研究进展

高级氧化技术常用于处理工业废水中的难生化降解污染物以提高该类废水的可生化性。然而,氧化过程中可能会产生比母体化合物毒性更强的中间产物,即氧化出水的毒性不一定随初始污染物的消除而降低,因此,反应过程中废水的毒性变化对高级氧化技术能否作为生化法处理难降解污染物的预处理技术至关重要。文章综述了发光细菌、藻类和水蚤等指示生物在高级氧化技术处理污染物过程中废水的毒性评估方面的应用及其影响因素分析。     

PbO2电极的研究进展

电催化氧化法是目前处理难生物降解有机废水的有效方法,二氧化铅电极由于具有高析氧电位、高催化活性和稳定性而在该技术领域得到广泛应用。对近年来PbO2电极的制备与改性进行总结与综述,并对电极的应用进行概括,指出PbO2电极目前存在的缺陷及未来的主要研究方向,以期起到承前启后的作用。     

钛基二氧化铅电极的改进和应用

文中论述了二氧化铅电极的沿基及二氧化铅在水溶液中电解时具有氧发生电位高、氧化能力强、耐蚀性好、导电性好、可在大电流下运转等特征。还论述了二氧化铅的制造过程及应用。     

木质素电氧化降解的研究

研究了电氧化降解过程中木质素磺酸盐的分子结构、功能团、分子量和表面活性的变化。结果表明,电氧化过程中木质素磺酸盐中的芳环被打开,-SO3H含量和表面活性降低,-COOH含量和分子量先增加后降低。     

在掺杂铋的二氧化铅电极上水溶液中酚的电化学降解一不同配方电极？…

介绍了在废水中有毒有机化合物氧化降解的电化学过程的开发。研究了在水溶液中掺杂铋的二氧化铅电 酚阳极氧化反应的动力学。在酚的氧化降解过程中主要产物是１，４－苯醌，马来酸和二氧化碳。在水溶液中Ｂｉ＾３＋和Ｐｂ＾２＋通过阳极氧化反应在Ｔｉ／ＩｒＯ２－Ｔａ２Ｏ５基体上制备了多种Ｂｉ２Ｏ５－ＰｂＯ２沉积电极同配方电极，为了增加铋的溶解度，在水溶液中含有高氯酸。为了研究高氯酸根离子的影响，从硝酸铅水溶液中制备     

电化学氧化及反硝化BAF联用深度处理焦化废水

针对焦化废水二级处理出水含难降解有毒有害有机物,且难以达标排放的问题,研究了BDD电极电化学氧化与反硝化曝气生物滤池联用深度处理焦化废水的效果。结果表明,当电化学氧化的水力停留时间控制在1 h,BAF的停留时间控制在12 h时,系统出水水质稳定,出水平均COD、NH_3~-N、NO_3~--N分别为62.9、2.60、9.9 mg/L,系统平均去除率分别为74.2%、83.6%、59.6%。     

Anodic,cathodic and combined treatments for the electrochemical oxidation of an effluent from the flame retardant industry

The electrochemical oxidation of an effluent from the manufacture of phosphorus based flame retardants was studied. To reach a residual concentration of reduced phosphorus lower than 10 mg L⁻¹, in compliance with Italian law for industrial wastewater disposal, anodic oxidation using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and electro-Fenton (EF) treatment were tested. The effects of some factors are optimised and a comparison of the reaction pathways is also presented. A combined treatment using EF with BDD conducted in an undivided cell is shown not to enhance the data obtained with BDD while a novel combined treatment using EF and BDD in a divided cell shows promising results when an anionic membrane is used as separation. In this last case the cell operates as two different batch reactors working with the same current. The anodic compartment, fed with raw effluent, provides partial oxidation, while the cathodic compartment, fed with the partially anodically oxidised solution, completes the treatment. When the effluent is transferred in the cathodic compartment, the anodic one is fed with fresh untreated solution. The advantage of this kind of coupling consists in the simultaneity of the two treatments which allows total oxidation with notable saving of charge and time.     

Influence of Experimental Parameters in the Treatment of Distillery Effluent by Electrochemical Oxidation

The electrochemical oxidation of distillery effluent was studied in a batch reactor in the presence of supporting electrolyte NaCl using Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) electrode. The effect of operating parameters such as current density, initial pH, and initial electrolyte concentration on the percentage of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal, power consumption, and current efficiency were studied. The maximum percentage removal of COD was observed to be 84% at a current density of 3 A/dm²at an electrolyte concentration of 10 g/l with an effluent COD concentration of 1000 ppm and at an initial pH of 6. The operating parameters for the treatment of distillery effluent by electrochemical process were optimized using response surface methodology by CCD. The quadratic regression models with estimated coefficients were developed for the percentage removal of COD and power consumption. It was observed that the model predictions matched with experimental values with an R² value of 0.9504 and 0.9083 for COD removal and power consumption respectively. The extent of color removal and oxidation of organic compounds were analyzed using UV spectrophotometer and HPLC.     

The effect of solids on the electrochemical treatment of olive mill effluents

The electrochemical oxidation of an olive mill effluent over Ti–Pt anodes was studied. The effluent had an average total chemical oxygen demand (COD) value of 234 g L^?1, soluble COD of 61 g L^?1, soluble phenolic content 3.4 g L^?1, total solids of 80 g L^?1 and pH = 5.1. Experiments were conducted in a 10 L vessel with the effluent recirculating at 1 L s^?1. The applied current was varied between 5 and 20 A, the salinity between 1 and 4% NaCl, and experiments were performed with the effluent diluted with water to achieve the desired initial concentration. Emphasis was given to the effect of the presence of solids as well as of varying operating conditions on process performance as assessed in terms of COD, color and phenols removal. In general, degradation of phenols occurred relatively fast with conversion increasing with increasing applied current and decreasing initial organic loading and this was accompanied by low COD removal levels and moderate decolorization. The presence of solids had practically no effect on phenols removal, which, in most cases, was complete in less than about 180 min of reaction. However, oxidation in the presence of solids resulted in a substantial solid fraction being dissolved and this consequently increased sample color and the soluble COD content. The solid content typically found in olive mill effluents may partially impede its treatment by electrochemical oxidation, thus requiring more severe operating conditions and greater energy consumption. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Treatment of textile dye wastewater by using an electrochemical bipolar disc stack reactor

Textile dye house wastewater from a reactive dye processing unit was treated by using an electrochemical oxidation technique. The experiments were carried out in an electrochemical bipolar disc reactor using RuO₂ coated on titanium as anode and titanium as cathode. The sodium chloride present in the effluent was used as supporting electrolyte. Operating parameters such as current density, reservoir hold‐up and electrolysis time were studied for maximum Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction and other relevant parameters such as current efficiency and power consumption per kg of COD removal were calculated. The higher flow rate and lower reservoir hold‐up resulted in improved COD removal. The applied current density was also found to significantly influence the reduction of COD. A suitable mathematical model is also proposed to illustrate the relationship between the basic parameters. Pseudo mass transfer coefficients were also evaluated for different experimental conditions. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Treatment of Fenton‐refractory olive oil mill wastes by electrochemical oxidation with boron‐doped diamond anodes

In this work, the electrochemical oxidation of an actual industrial waste with conductive diamond anodes has been studied. The wastewater is the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant consisting of a Fenton reactor followed by a settler and a sand filter, in which the wastes generated in an olive oil mill are treated. These wastes contain a residual chemical oxygen demand of nearly 700 mg dm^?3 which cannot be further oxidized with the Fenton process. The electrolyses were carried out under galvanostatic conditions, using a bench‐scale plant equipped with a single‐compartment electrochemical flow cell. Boron‐doped diamond (BDD) and stainless steel (AISI 304) were use as anode and cathode of the cell, respectively. The complete mineralization of the waste was obtained with high current efficiencies limited only by mass transport processes. This confirms that besides the hydroxyl radical‐mediated oxidation that occurs in the Fenton process, the electrochemical oxidation with conductive diamond electrodes combines other important oxidation processes such as direct electro‐oxidation on the BDD surface and oxidation mediated by other electrochemically formed compounds generated in this electrode. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Electrochemical treatment of effluents: A preliminary study of anodic oxidation of simple sugars using lead dioxide-coated titanium anodes

The electrolysis of simple sugar solutions, containing 0.5% NaCl or Na₂SO₄, using lead dioxide-coated titanium mesh anodes in a simple electroflotation cell indicated that electrode corrosion and dissolution of polluting Pb²⁺ ions from the electrode material were negligible even after prolonged use; the sugars were concomitantly electrooxidised at such anodes. The rate of electrooxidation followed linear removal kinetics and the relative ease of electrochemical destruction was in the order sucrose>maltose～glucose. Such oxidation processes represent added advantages in the use of these electrodes in electrochemical treatment of effluent containing the sugars. Cyclic voltammetric analysis of the glucose solution indicated that oxygen evolution on the lead dioxide-titanium anode appeared to be promoted by the presence of the sugar. A much more detailed study is required to give further insight into the mechanism of the anodic oxidation of these compounds.     

Electrochemical treatment of a graphitic forging lubricant effluent: The effect of chloride concentration and current density

The graphite removal and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction by the electrochemical treatment of an effluent containing a lubricant (oil in water emulsion with graphite) was investigated. The electrochemical cell used a pair of aluminum plates. Since the effluent conductivity was very low, NaCl was used as supporting electrolyte and different current densities as well as different distance between the electrodes were applied. In lower current densities, higher chloride concentrations implied in smaller COD values. The same behavior was observed when electrode distance was decreased. All the tested conditions presented significant graphite removal and COD reductions larger than 94%.     

物化预处理+厌氧+两级A/O工艺处理农药废水

采用物化(电催化氧化、铁炭微电解)预处理高、中浓度混合废水后,利用厌氧+两级A/O工艺处理综合废水,处理量为300 m3/d。运行实践表明:物化预处理对COD的去除率为32%,整个工艺处理后出水COD低于500 mg/L,氨氮低于35 mg/L,盐分低于0.6%,出水水质达到接管要求,工艺处理效果明显。     

电化学氧化耦合纳米催化微电解技术处理腈纶废水的静态实验研究

以抚顺腈纶厂生化池出水为研究对象,以CODCr和NH3-N去除率为考察指标,对电化学氧化耦合纳米催化微电解技术处理腈纶废水进行了静态实验研究.结果表明,电化学氧化耦合纳米催化微电解技术受电流强度、水力停留时间和电解质投加量三个因素的影响,对NH3-N有良好的处理效果,NH3-N去除率达90％以上;但对CODCr的处理效...