两种磺酰脲类除草剂对中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核及核异常诱导

采用红细胞微核和核异常测试法,研究了除草剂甲磺隆、苄嘧磺隆对中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞的毒性效应。结果表明,除草剂甲磺隆和苄嘧磺隆均可不同程度地引起中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核细胞率和核异常细胞率等遗传指标的上升(P<0.05;P<0.01),且不同除草剂,不同染毒时间处理后,引起的微核率和核异常细胞率均能达到一个峰值,但峰值出现的浓度不同;结果还表明除草剂甲磺隆和苄嘧磺隆诱导的核异常细胞率要比微核率高得多。除草剂浓度与微核率或核异常率无显著相关,没有明显的剂量——效应正相关关系;随着染毒时间增长,红细胞的微核率和核异常率有些许增长,但也不是很明显。     

用蚕豆根尖微核实验分析水中铬的遗传毒性

用蚕豆根尖细胞微核实验对水中铬的遗传毒性和细胞毒性进行了检测分析。结果显示,将蚕豆根尖细胞暴露在铬质量浓度5 mg/L~100 mg/L的水中,细胞微核率明显增加,细胞有丝分裂指数明显下降。此外,细胞微核率与脂质过氧化反应之间有明显的相关关系,其相关系数R2=0.94。蚕豆根尖细胞微核实验监测水环境中铬的生态毒性具有简便、有效、重复性好的优点。     

格尔德霉素对SMYD3核转位的影响

采用Western blot检测法研究了不同浓度的格尔德霉素对人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231中SET和MYND结构域蛋白3(SMYD3)核转位的影响,采用MTT比色法检测了格尔德霉素对人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231增殖的影响。结果表明:格尔德霉素可以抑制SMYD3的核转位,并且这种抑制作用是浓度依赖性的;与对照组相比,人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231的增殖速率被显著地抑制了。说明格尔德霉素可以通过抑制SMYD3的核转位显著抑制人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231的增殖。     

染发剂对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传毒性研究

通过蚕豆根尖微核实验研究市售染发剂及其两种主要成分对苯二胺和双氧水的遗传毒性。实验结果表明,在4种市售染发剂诱导作用下,蚕豆根尖细胞均有有丝分裂指数下降,微核率增大,脂质过氧化浓度增大的趋势;随着对苯二酚和双氧水浓度的增大,蚕豆根尖微核率均为先增大后减小,其质量浓度和质量分数分别为150mg/L和3%时,MCN最大,对应值为（16.83±2.4）‰和（17.74±2.71）‰,MDA也达到峰值,分别为（3.68±0.42）μmol/g和（3.87±0.37）μmol/g,MDA与MCN存在显著相关性,两种化学物质都对蚕豆根尖细胞产生明显的毒性作用。     

载穿心莲内酯核-壳型Ca-Alg/pNIPAM微球的制备及性能

针对穿心莲内酯(AND)口服给药存在药物苦极问题,拟制备一种有效掩蔽药物苦味且能实现药物控释的微球载体。以海藻酸钠(Na-Alg)和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)为制备材料,采用静电液滴偶联单体聚合工艺制备了核-壳型AND/Ca-Alg/pNIPAM微球。采用扫描电微观测、红外光谱分析、溶胀实验和体外释药实验等表征微球结构与性能。结果表明:与Ca-Alg微球相比,Ca-Alg/pNIPAM微球具有清晰的核-壳结构;微球平衡溶胀率在32—36℃突降14.6%;微球在模拟胃液中2 h内药物累积释放率低于10%,而在模拟肠液中6—8 h即达到释放平衡且释药动力学符合Reter-Peppas模型。核-壳结构使Ca-Alg/pNIPAM微球在高效负载药物的同时掩蔽了药物苦味,并赋予微球温度/pH双重响应特性,实现了药物肠靶向释放。     

人脐血造血干/祖细胞对裸鼠的致突变作用

目的研究人脐血造血干/祖细胞(HS/PCs-HUCB)对裸鼠的致突变作用。方法取雄性BALB/c裸鼠,随机分为5组:HS/PCs-HUCB高、中、低剂量组及阴性、阳性对照组,HS/PCs-HUCB高、中、低剂量组分别经尾静脉注射1.25×109、3.75×108和1.25×108个细胞/kg,阴性对照组经尾静脉注射含1%人血白蛋白的0.9%NaCl注射液,50ml/kg,阳性对照组经腹腔注射环磷酰胺,50mg/kg,每d给药1次。微核试验连续给药2d,末次给药24h后取骨髓细胞涂片,Giemsa染色,每组裸鼠计数12000个骨髓嗜多染红细胞(PCE)中微核细胞数;精子畸形试验连续给药5d,首次给药后第35天取附睾,精子滴片,伊红染色,每组裸鼠计数1500个精子的形态。结果HS/PCs-HUCB各剂量组裸鼠的微核率和精子畸形率与阴性对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义,各组间精子畸形类型构成比差异无统计学意义,畸形精子以无定形为主,其次为无钩、双头、双尾、双体、胖头等;而阳性对照组的微核率和精子畸形率均显著高于阴性对照组。结论HS/PCs-HUCB对裸鼠无致突变作用。     

胶原蛋白维E颗粒毒理安全性试验研究

目的检测胶原蛋白维E颗粒保健食品的安全性。方法根据毒理学实验的基本原则,进行急性毒性实验、遗传毒性试验(包含Ames、小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核、小鼠睾丸染色体畸变三项实验内容)。结果两种性别的二级昆明种小鼠和二级Wistar大鼠上、下午两次服用胶原蛋白维E颗粒(总量为0.2g/kg.BW),在14天内,大鼠、小鼠无明显中毒症状,动物死亡数为零,按照急性毒性分级标准评价,胶原蛋白维E颗粒无毒性。Ames、小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核、小鼠睾丸染色体畸变三项遗传毒性试验结果显示为阴性。结论胶原蛋白维E颗粒作为保健食品是安全的。     

聚苯乙烯/还原氧化石墨烯核壳微球的制备及性能表征

以阳离子聚苯乙烯微球(PS)为核,氧化石墨烯(GO)和PS之间通过静电和π-π作用力进行静电自组装,制备得到聚苯乙烯/氧化石墨烯核壳微球(PS/GO),然后采用氢碘酸(HI)进行还原得到聚苯乙烯/还原氧化石墨烯核壳微球(PS/rGO),采用XRD、SEM、TEM对PS/GO和PS/rGO进行了结构表征。探究了自组装过程条件,例如分散形式(搅拌或超声)、反应时间、GO质量浓度对核壳微球形貌的影响。对不同壳层还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)厚度的PS/rGO复合材料进行了导电性能和热稳定性测试,结果表明,改变壳层rGO的含量,会直接影响复合材料的导电和热性能。由于PS/rGO具有独特的核壳结构,其导电性能和热稳定性相比PS有所提高,电子电阻从PS的17.3Ω降到PS/rGO[m(PS)∶m(rGO)=50∶1]的8.3Ω,PS/rGO的起始热分解温度提高近120℃。     

云芝糖肽对乳腺癌患者外周血单个核细胞Toll样受体4的作用

目的探讨云芝糖肽(polysaccharopeptide,PSP)对乳腺癌患者外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclearcell,PBMC)Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)的作用。方法体外分离乳腺癌患者或健康人PBMC,并将其分别分为PSP组(分别加入终浓度为25μg/ml的PSP和终浓度为100μg/ml的PHA)和对照组(只加入终浓度为100μg/ml的PHA),采用TLR4单克隆抗体对各组细胞进行免疫荧光染色。将乳腺癌患者PBMC分为空白对照组、TLR4抗体组、PSP组和PSP+TLR4抗体组,采用Q-PCR检测各组PBMC IL-12、IL-6和TNF-α的表达水平。结果健康志愿者对照组PBMC荧光强度较强,而健康志愿者PSP组PBMC荧光强度较弱;乳腺癌患者PSP组与乳腺癌患者对照组相比,细胞荧光强度更弱。与空白对照组比较,TLR4抗体组PBMC IL-12和组TNF-α的表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05),PSP组PBMC IL-12、IL-6和TNF-α的表达水平均显著上调(P<0.05或<0.01);与PSP和TLR4抗体组比较,PSP+TLR4抗体组PBMC IL-12、IL-6和TNF-α的表达水平均显著上调(P<0.05或<0.01)。结论 TLR4可能是PSP的作用受体之一。     

核-壳苯丙微乳液最低成膜温度的研究

通过核-壳微乳液聚合技术合成了具有较高玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的苯丙微乳液,研究了核-壳单体用量比、壳单体组成、交联剂、聚合物极性对乳液最低成膜温度(MFT)的影响;同时比较了三种成膜助剂对乳液MFT的作用。研究发现,成膜温度随核-壳比的增大而上升;交联剂羟甲基丙烯酰胺(NMA)能有效地降低成膜温度;醇酯—12是一种良好的成膜助剂,同一成膜助剂对极性不同的乳胶粒子MFT的降低效果明显不同。     

Dose and Radioadaptive Response Analysis of Micronucleus Induction in Mouse Bone Marrow

Enhanced cellular DNA repair efficiency and suppression of genomic instability have been proposed as mechanisms underlying radio-adaptive responses following low-dose radiation exposures. We previously showed that low-dose γ irradiation does not generate radio-adaptation by lowering radiation-induced cytogenetic damage in mouse spleen. Since radiation may exert tissue-specific effects, we extended these results here by examining the effects of γ radiation on cytogenetic damage and proliferative index in bone marrow erythrocytes of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. In C57BL/6 mice, the induction of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCE) was observed at radiation doses of 100 mGy and greater, and suppression of erythroblast maturation occurred at doses of >500 mGy. A linear dose–response relationship for MN-PCE frequencies in C57BL/6 mice was established for radiation doses between 100 mGy and 1 Gy, with departure from linearity at doses of >1 Gy. BALB/c mice exhibited increased MN-PCE frequencies above baseline following a 20 mGy radiation exposure but did not exhibit radio-sensitivity relative to C57BL/6 mice following 2 Gy exposure. Radio-adaptation of bone marrow erythrocytes was not observed in either strain of mice exposed to low-dose priming γ irradiation (single doses of 20 mGy or 100 mGy or multiple 20 mGy doses) administered at various times prior to acute 2 Gy irradiation, confirming the lack of radio-adaptive response for induction of cytogenetic damage or suppression or erythrocyte proliferation/maturation in bone marrow of these mouse strains.     

Influence of Some Herbicides on the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Soybean Oil

The effect of some herbicides on the soybean oil quality and quantity has been studied. Herbicides caused a highly significant increase in soybean oil content. Statistical analysis showed that there was no and highly significant differences in acid value; unsaponifiables and saponification value and iodine value respectively of soybean oil extracted from plants subjected to various herbicides. The increase of herbicides application rates exhibited profound effects on the physical and chemical characters of soybean oil. The application of herbicides leads to the following changes on soybean oil fatty acids: decrease the concentrations of 13:0, 15:0, 18:0 and 20:0; increase the quantity of 16:0 and the appearance of 10:0, 11:0, UC15, 16:1 and 17:0 as new synthetically fatty acids. The total unsaturated to total saturated fatty acid ratios showed that cobex and linuron at low application rates caused desaturation some of 18:1 to form 18:2. On the contrary, these herbicides at high application rates exhibited the reverse effect.     

四种除草剂对土壤脲酶活性的影响研究

为研究4种除草剂对土壤脲酶活性的影响及其程度,在实验室模拟条件下,乙草胺、莠去津、绿麦隆、丁草胺4种除草剂单一处理人工土壤时,研究了土壤脲酶活性的变化。结果表明,在供试浓度范围内,4种除草剂对土壤脲酶均有不同程度的激活作用,其中乙草胺、莠去津、绿麦隆、丁草胺对土壤脲酶活性的最大激活率分别为53.6%、17.4%、31.9%和25.5%,最大抑制率分别为34.8%、27.0%、18.7%和55.8%,且4种除草剂处理剂量与土壤脲酶活性之间的二元一次方程拟合效果较好,达到了显著或极显著相关水平,总体上表现为先增加后降低、低浓度诱导高浓度抑制的规律性变化。从4种除草剂处理浓度对土壤脲酶的增幅和方程系数来看,对土壤脲酶活性的影响为:丁草胺>乙草胺>绿麦隆>莠去津。     

Photocatalytic oxidation of multicomponent solutions of herbicides: Reaction kinetics analysis with explicit photon absorption effects

The intrinsic reaction kinetics of the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of the herbicides isoproturon, simazine and propazine over irradiated TiO₂ (Degussa P25) suspensions was studied in single-component and in multicomponent systems. Experiments were carried out at different photon fluxes and different herbicide concentrations in the range below 1 mg L⁻¹. The results were analyzed in terms of a Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L–H) kinetic model previously established for multicomponent solutions of herbicides, but including the explicit effect of photon absorption. This was accomplished by modeling the radiation field in the reactor with the Six-Flux Absorption-Scattering Model (SFM) (i.e., scattered photons follow the route of the six directions of the Cartesian coordinates) using optical parameters averaged across the spectrum of the incident radiation. The intrinsic reaction kinetic constants of isoproturon, simazine and propazine independent of the radiation field in the reactor were determined. The oxidation rate of the herbicides was found to follow half-order dependence with respect to the local volumetric rate of photon absorption (LVRPA), in the range of photon fluxes investigated. The established model was found to be appropriate to predict the time-dependent degradation profiles of the herbicides in single- and multicomponent systems not only at all radiation intensities investigated in this study but also when one or two herbicides were present in excess of the others in the mixture. Using this simple approach, intrinsic kinetic data can be obtained.     

梳型聚羧酸盐分散剂在均三氮苯类农药制剂中的应用

考察梳型聚羧酸盐分散剂在均三氮苯类农药制剂中的应用效果。采用超细粉碎、旋转造粒法制备4种均三氮苯类农药水分散颗粒剂(WDG)。以悬浮率、润湿性、崩解性、热贮稳定性等为标准,再结合农药结构以及Zeta电位的变化分析制剂的质量。梳型聚羧酸盐分散剂对均三氮苯类农药的分散作用各异。当分散剂用量为4%~6%时,WDG的性能如悬浮率、润湿性、抗硬水能力、Zeta电位及热贮稳定性均达到甚至超过国外同类型分散剂的效果。梳型聚羧酸盐分散剂对不同结构的均三氮苯类农药有不同的作用效果,能够为该类农药复配制剂的配方开发提供参考。     

玉米田4种茎叶除草剂防除效果比较

[目的]比较了4种玉米田茎叶处理除草剂4％烟嘧磺隆SC、10％硝磺草酮SC、10.5％硝磺草酮/烟嘧磺隆混剂OD和33.6％苯吡唑草酮SC的除草效果.[方法]于杂草3～8叶期一次性喷药后分别于不同时期调查杂草盖度变化和鲜质量变化.[结果]4种除草剂均使杂草盖度和鲜质量降低,玉米产量增加.[结论]4种除草剂均有良好的除草效果,即使在推荐施用推荐剂量一半的用量,鲜质量防效也达90％以上,显著增加玉米产量.     

Effects of experimental endogenous hyperlipemia on circulating leukocytes and erythrocytes

Effects of hyperlipemia on circulating leukocytes and erythrocytes were studied in dogs which were given repeated, intravenous injections of a nonionic detergent, Triton WR-1339. Erythrocyte lipid concentrations increased from 3.6±0.9 mg/10¹⁰ cells in control animals to 9.3±1.5 mg in the hyperlipemic group. This increase was accompanied by a shift in the distribution of total fatty acids toward a higher percentage of saturated and monounsaturated acids. In contrast to the changes observed in erythrocytes, the leukocyte lipid content remained unaltered in dogs with serum cholesterol levels ranging from 500 to more than 2,000 mg/100 ml. Leukocyte counts rose whereas hematocrit values, hemoglobin concentrations, and erythrocyte counts decreased. Oxygen utilization studies showed no significant metabolic differences between leukocytes which were isolated from hyperlipemic or control animals. Circulating leukocytes in dogs with an endogenously induced hyperlipemia were shown therefore to maintain normal lipid concentrations and did not participate in lipophage formation, as reported for certain diet-induced lipemias.     

Modeling of photooxidation of acetamide herbicides in natural waters by UV radiation and the combinations UV/H2O2 and UV/O3

The photooxidation of several herbicides belonging to the acetamides group (specifically propachlor, metolachlor and butachlor) by means of a monochromatic UV irradiation in ultrapure water was studied. In the case of propachlor, the quantum yield for its photolysis was evaluated directly, and a value 0.127 ± 0.01 mol Eins^?1 was obtained independent of the pH. The quantum yields for the photolysis of metolachlor and butachlor were determined by using a competition kinetic model which used propachlor as reference compound, and values of 0.56 ± 0.05 and 0.78 ± 0.04 mol Eins^?1 were deduced respectively for metolachlor and butachlor. In a second step, the elimination of the selected herbicides in some natural and mineral waters was studied by means of several oxidation systems: UV radiation alone, and UV radiation combined with hydrogen peroxide and ozone. The influence of the operating variables in these processes (acetamide type, presence or absence of tert‐butyl alcohol and types of waters) are discussed as a consequence of the amounts of herbicides removed. Two different kinetic studies were carried out for the oxidation of the herbicides: the first one for UV radiation alone and UV radiation combined with H₂O₂; the second one for the combination UV radiation plus ozone. In these studies, the specific rate constants were evaluated in every process. Finally, kinetic models for the prediction of the elimination of these herbicides in the natural waters selected by the different oxidation systems are proposed. The values of concentrations predicted by these models agree well with the experimental results obtained. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

The Effect of Germination on Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Pulses

In this study the changes of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of four different pulses namely white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L), Common vetch (Vicia sativa), Lentil (Lens culinaris) and Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) seeds before and after germination were investigated. Seeds germinated in dark chambers maintained near 100 % relative humidity at 20 °C. Three different solvents namely acetone, hexane and methanol were employed to extract the phenolic compounds present in the seeds and sprouts. Total content of phenolic compounds was measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activity determined by the delay in fat oxidation. Different concentrations of extracts (0.02 and 0.1 % w/w) were added to tallow and the stabilities of the treatments were determined by the peroxide value and induction period measurements to evaluate the antioxidant activities. The results indicated that the increases in phenolic content from dormant seed to sprouted seed were significant (P ≤ 0.05) in all the samples. The significant differences between induction periods of tallow treated with sprouted seed extracts were observed (P < 0.05). The results indicated that the greatest increase in stability was obtained when tallow was treated with a 0.1 % concentration of acetone chickpea sprout extract. The pulses' sprout flour or extract might be recommended for use as a source of natural antioxidants in functional foods.