旋转式伽玛刀治疗15例原发性三叉神经痛的疗效观察

目的 观察旋转式伽玛刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛的疗效。方法 采用Leksell G型立体定向仪，SIEMENS 1．5T MRI定位，Gamma-TPS2.1规划系统，国产OUR－RGS／A型旋转式伽玛刀治疗15例原发性三叉神经痛患者。定位靶点为三叉神经感觉根，用4mm准直器，1－2个等中心治疗，中心剂量70－90Gy。结果 出现明显疼痛缓解平均为术后2个月，疼痛缓解程度超过90％的9例（60％），疼痛缓解在50％－90％的4例（26．6％），1例稍见好转（6．7％），1例无效（6．7％），有效病例随访5－14个月未见复发，全辣病人均未出现其它阀发症。结论 应用旋转式伽玛刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛安全，有效。     

旋转式伽玛刀治疗原发性三叉神经痛的初步研究

目的：探讨原发性三叉神经痛的旋转式伽玛刀治疗方法并分析其结果。方法：选择难治性原发性三叉神经痛患者45例，应用1．5TMR定位，以OUR－XGD治疗规划系统(r-TPS）作治疗规划，OUR－XGD旋转式伽玛刀进行治疗，治疗靶点三叉神经根入脑桥段，4mm准直器，1－2个等中心点，中心剂量75Gy,90Gy,100Gy三组，50％等剂量曲线覆盖靶点，脑干边缘剂量11．2-15.0Gy。结果：本组37例获随访，为期4－49个月。疼痛完全消失22例，明显缓解10例，轻度缓解3例，无效2例，复发4例，显效率86．5％，有效率94．6％，复发率10．8％，结论：复发症状较治疗前为轻，并发面部轻度麻木2例，面部麻木＋眼干涩感1例，张口稍困难1例，无死亡。结论：作为三叉神经痛的疗法，旋转式伽玛刀可以治疗各种类型的原发性三叉神经痛，且具有安全，高效和无创的优点，可作为长期药物治疗无效者的首选外科手段，75－80Gy是安全有效的治疗剂量，增大剂量至90Gy或更大可缩短平均起效时间，剂量达90Gy及以上时有效率可能升高但发生并发症的可能性也较大。     

旋转式伽玛刀治疗颅内病变108例的初步报告

旋转式伽玛刀治疗颅内病变１０８例的初步报告蔡风泉张晓峰雷进唐轶张兴华庞晓霞邓珍萍孙守歧廖述才１９９７年１月～６月，我们应用旋转式伽玛刀（ＯＵＲ－ＲＧＳ）治疗颅内病变１０８例，其中４０例（３７．０４％）治疗后３～６个月获得临床及影像学随访，结果报告如下...     

伽玛刀治疗颅内疾病3094例临床报告

目的： 探讨立体定向放射手术（伽玛刀） 对颅内疾病的疗效。方法： 用１．５Ｔｅｓｌａ 磁共振仪和γ－ ｐｌａｎ 计算机联网定位, γ－ ｐｌａｎ４．０ 版剂量规划系统作治疗方案设计, 剂量规划, 对３０９４ 例不同类型的颅内疾病包括肿瘤、血管畸形及功能性疾病等实施立体定向放射外科治疗, 病种达２０ 余种,年龄１．１～８６ 岁,周边剂量９～７５Ｇｙ,中心剂量１８～１５０Ｇｙ,等剂量曲线３０％ ～９０％ ,靶点数１～１２ 个。结果： 随访１０～４７ 个月, 统计结果表明： 伽玛刀疗效是确切的。对脑动静脉畸形, 随防一年半以上, 完全闭塞率可达４４．６％ , 体积越小, 周边照射剂量越大, 闭塞率越高。对颅内肿瘤的生长控制率, 良性肿瘤≥８０．０％ , 恶性肿瘤≥６６．７％ ,对功能性疾病的治疗有效率, 帕金森病为８５．２％ , 三叉神经痛为７６．９％ 。结论： 伽玛刀是治疗颅内疾病又一种可选择方法。治疗技术良好, 指征掌握严格, 可提高疗效, 降低并发症。     

MASEP伽玛刀治疗颅内病变临床研究(附2675例随访报道)

目的 探讨应用MASEP-伽玛刀治疗颅内病变的可行性及疗效.方法 2001年8月至2006年12月,成都空军医院伽玛刀中心应用MASEP-伽玛刀治疗颅内病变2675例,男1423例,女1252例,年龄1.5～95岁.其中脑血管疾病315(11.8%)例、良性肿瘤1046(36.2%)例、恶性肿瘤1002(37.5%)例、功能性疾病312(11.5%)例.结果 2238(83.7%)例随访6～60个月.脑血管疾病畸形血管完全闭塞率56.6%,部份闭塞率31.0%;良性肿瘤生长控制率95.8%;恶性肿瘤生长控制率88.2%;癫痫、三叉神经痛的有效率,分别为77.4%、85.4%.结论 随访结果表明,MASEP伽玛刀治疗颅内病变的疗效,与Leksell伽玛刀、OUR-XGD伽玛刀相近.严格掌握适应证,根据病变的不同部位,不同性质和体积,制定合理治疗方案,是提高伽玛刀疗效、减少并发症的重要措施.     

伽玛刀治疗颅内疾病3094例临床报告

目的：探讨立体定向放射手术伽玛刀(γ-刀）对颅内疾病的疗效。方法：用1．5Tesla磁共振仪和γ-plart计算机联网定位,γ-plan4.0版剂量规划系统作治疗方案设计,剂量规划,并用Leksellγ-刀对3094例不同类型的颅内疾病包括肿瘤、血管畸形及功能性疾病等实施立体定向放射手术．病种达20余种．年龄1．1～86岁,周边剂量9～75Gy．中心剂量18～150Gy,等剂量曲线30％～90％,靶点数1～12个。结果：随访10～47个月,统计结果表明：γ-刀疗效是确切的。脑动静脉畸形,随防一年半以上,完全闭塞率可达44.6％,体积越小．周边照射剂量越大,闭塞率越高。颅内肿瘤的生长控制率,良性肿瘤≥80.0％．恶性肿瘤≥66.7％。功能性疾病的治疗有救率,帕金森病为85．2％,三叉神经痛为76．9％,癫痫是667％。结论：γ-刀立体定向放射手术较常规开颅手术安全,痛苦少,是治疗颅内一些疾病有效的方法。严格掌握治疗指征,精确定位,合理剂量规划．可确保疗效,降低并发症。     

伽玛刀治疗脑胶质细胞瘤的临床初步报告

目的：评价伽玛刀治疗对脑内胶质细胞瘤的疗效。方法：57例病理诊断明确的脑胶质瘤患者进行了伽玛刀治疗，其中男35例，女22例，年龄7－68岁，平均30．8岁，病变位于大脑半球27例，丘脑及基底节区22例，脑干2例，小脑2例，病理诊断：星形细胞瘤Ⅰ级7例，Ⅱ级5例，1Ⅰ－Ⅱ级18例，少枝胶质瘤4例，室管膜瘤2例，星形细胞瘤Ⅲ级2例，Ⅳ级2例，Ⅲ－Ⅳ级13例，胶质母细胞瘤4例。周边剂量为12－22Gy,平均为16．5Gy。结果：随访时间为6至42个月，平均为23个月。36例低恶度胶质瘤的影像学复查结果：显效6例（16．7％）；有效14例（38．9％），微效5例（13．9％），无变化6例（16．7％）；恶化5例（13．9％），有效率为55．6％。21例高恶度胶质瘤中2－3个月及远期影像学有效率分别为66．7％和23．8％。6，12，24，36个月的存活率分别为95．2％（20／21）；81．0％（17／21）；47．1％（8／17）和33．3％（3／9）。15例病人（26．3％）于治疗后12个月内出现放射性水肿。结论：伽玛刀对体积较小，边界相对较清的低恶度胶质瘤的治疗是有效的，对高恶度胶质瘤在短期内可有效地杀死靶区内肿瘤细胞并延缓肿瘤的生长，但并不能有效地控制周边肿瘤细胞生长和复发。     

伽玛刀治疗听神经瘤(附98例分析)

目的 评价伽玛刀治疗听神经的效果。方法 应用OUR旋转式伽玛刀治疗听神经98例。肿瘤直径512～29．7min．平均18.8mm。采用多个放射中心联合照射，周边等剂量曲线为45％-70％，边缘剂量10-13Gy。结果 81例获14。84个月随访，平均39个月。MRI示41例（50．6％）肿瘤缩小，38例（46.9％）无变化，2例（2．5％）增大；25例（30.9％）肿瘤中心失增强。无面瘫和面部麻木，听力保留率59.2％。结论 伽玛刀对听神经瘤有较高的肿瘤控制率，并能保留有用听力，对面神经、三又神经损伤小，是小至中等大小听神经瘤可供选择的治疗方法，及术后残余和复发肿瘤的重要辅助治疗手段。     

两种伽玛刀剂量区间治疗功能性垂体腺瘤对比研究

目的评价伽玛刀治疗功能性垂体瘤的疗效。方法采用OUR旋转式伽玛刀治疗31例功能性垂体腺瘤患者,观察术后病情变化,随访时间12～24个月,随访内容为临床症状、影像学及激素水平测定。结果高剂量组内分泌正常14例,低剂量组内分泌正常4例;高剂量组肿瘤体积缩小17例,2例无明显变化,低剂量组肿瘤体积缩小6例,4例无明显变化,2例增大。无病例发生视路损伤。结论伽玛刀治疗功能性垂体瘤是安全有效的治疗方法,可控制肿瘤生长及激素异常水平。     

伽玛刀立体定向放射外科治疗原发性三叉神经痛的疗效观察

目的观察伽玛刀治疗原发性三又神经痛的近期临床疗效。方法应用伽玛刀治疗35例原发性三叉神经痛患者,选择4mm准直器沿患侧三叉神经根走向设置前后2个靶点,取50％等量曲线包绕,边缘剂量35～42Y,靶中心剂量75-90Gy,三又神经受照长度8～10mm,脑干临界剂量〈20Gy。结果35例原发性三叉神经痛患者随访3～30个月,一次性治疗总有效率为94．2％（33／35）,其中治愈20例（57．1％）,疗效显著8例（22．9％）,显效5例（14．3％）,无效2例（5．7％）。2例无效病例1年后行第二次伽玛刀治疗,疼痛完全缓解,二次治疗总有效率为100％。结论伽玛刀治疗ITN安全、有效,可以作为药物难治性三又神经痛的首选治疗方法。     

旋转式γ刀在神经外科的临床应用

目的探讨旋转式γ-刀临床应用的安全性和有效性。方法6年来应用旋转式γ-刀治疗颅内病变2381例,其中良性颅内肿瘤1020例,恶性肿瘤796例,脑动静脉畸形374例;脑功能性疾病191例。总结各类疾病旋转式γ-刀的治疗方法,对并发症与不良反应的处理进行探讨。结果对于经过选择的良性病变病例,包括垂体腺瘤、脑膜瘤、前庭神经鞘瘤、脑动静脉畸形、颅咽管瘤等可达到治愈效果;对部分脑转移癌、脑胶质瘤等恶性肿瘤患者可延长生命,提高生存质量。治疗后反应性脑水肿发生率为0.75%。结论旋转式γ-刀是用于治疗脑部疾病的一种高精度、高性能、高疗效的精尖手术设备,可使许多疾病获得较好治疗,但应用不当亦可造成严重并发症,因此一定要严格按规程操作,仔细与严谨设计毁损靶点与准确剂量布局,术后定期随访观察,对出现的并发症及时采取有效措施,以期获取最佳结果。     

Does hemorrhagic presentation in cerebral arteriovenous malformations affect obliteration rate after gamma knife radiosurgery?

OBJECTIVES: Radiosurgery has been widely adopted for the treatment of cerebral AVMs. However radiosurgical treatment of patients with hemorrhagic presentation is fraught with risk of rebleed during latency period. The present study intends to analyze the obliteration rate, time to obliteration and chances of rebleed in patients with hemorrhagic versus non-hemorrhagic clinical presentation in cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated with gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of all the patients with cerebral AVMs treated from May 1997 to Jun 2006, 157 patients with neuroimaging follow up with digital subtraction angiography harboring 160 AVM nidii formed the study group. The mean age of presentation was 28 years (range, 6-58 years); mean nidus volume being 3.64cm(3) (range, 0.011-36.6cm(3)). The mean follow up period was 70 months (range, 13-121 months). All the patients were treated predominantly by primary GKS with use of adjunctive pre-GKS embolization in selected patients. RESULTS: A total of 103 (64%) patients presented with hemorrhage. There was no difference in the obliteration rate (69% versus 67%, p=0.672), mean latency period to obliteration (30 months versus 32 months, p=0.1989) and chances of hemorrhage (4.8% versus 3.5%, p=0.690) in patients with hemorrhagic as compared to non-hemorrhagic presentation. CONCLUSION: Prior hemorrhage does not affect the outcome after GKS in terms of obliteration rate, latency to obliteration as well as chances of hemorrhage during latency period. Gamma knife appears equally efficacious irrespective of the mode of clinical presentation in the management of cerebral AVMs; a concomitant use of pre-GKS embolization/surgery may be needed in patients with hemorrhagic presentation in selected cases, however.     

Surgical results in pediatric Spetzler-Martin grades I-III intracranial arteriovenous malformations.

OBJECTS: The goal of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) therapy in pediatric patients should be complete resection or obliteration of the AVM to eliminate subsequent hemorrhage, because of high mortality and morbidity rates related to hemorrhage in addition to the longer life expectation. Despite advances in Gamma knife radiosurgery and in endovascular embolization, surgical resection is still the gold standard for treating cerebral AVMs. METHODS: Between 1986 and 2003, 20 children were surgically treated for cerebral AVMs. The AVMs were graded I, II, and III using the Spetzler-Martin (S-M) Grading Scale. Good recovery was achieved in 18 out of 20 patients (90%) and only 1 patient was moderately disabled (5%). There was one mortality (5%) related to the preoperative deep comatose state of the patient. The total obliteration rate was 89% (17 out of 19). CONCLUSION: For S-M grade I-III AVMs, surgical resection is the treatment of choice, considering its high cure rate and low morbidity and mortality rates.     

脑动静脉畸形的伽玛刀治疗

目的评估伽玛刀(γ-刀)对脑动静脉畸形(AVM)的治疗效果及影响因素。方法抽取72例上海伽玛刀医院于1994～1995年应用γ-刀治疗的AVM病例,回顾性分析其疗效和影响因素,探讨治疗适应证,周边剂量等。结果本组AVM直径<3cm45例,3～6cm27例;平均周边剂量20.6Gy。其中51例行血管造影等影像学随访,AVM完全闭塞率为56.9%;体积<10ml,周边剂量大于20Gy组完全闭塞率较高。头痛、癫痫的缓解率达81.8%。6例于γ-刀治疗后发生自发性脑出血。γ-刀治疗后的AVM闭塞情况和并发症的发生与病灶体积、治疗周边剂量、随访时间等因素有关。结论γ-刀是治疗脑AVM的一种较安全、较有效的治疗方法。体积<10ml,位于功能区或部位深在的AVM是适合γ-刀治疗的病例,周边剂量以20～25Gy为宜。     

Angiographic features help predict outcome after stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of pediatric arteriovenous malformations

Purpose

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a frequent cause of hemorrhagic stroke in children. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an established treatment for these lesions, particularly those that are surgically inaccessible. Because only complete AVM obliteration is believed to protect against the future risk of hemorrhage, identifying lesion characteristics that predict response to therapy is an important objective. The goal of this study is to evaluate the influence of angiographic features of AVMs on the rate of obliteration following treatment with SRS.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients (age ≤18 years) treated with Gamma Knife SRS for cerebral AVMs between 2000 and 2012. Detailed angiographic data at the time of initial angiographic evaluation were prospectively recorded by experienced neurointerventional radiologists. The primary outcome was the rate of obliteration on a 3-year follow-up angiogram.

Results

We identified 42 pediatric patients treated with SRS for cerebral AVMs. Twenty-seven patients completed 3-year angiographic follow-ups. Complete obliteration was seen in 30 %, partial response in 67 %, and no response in 4 %. Higher SRS dose was associated with complete obliteration. Larger AVM diameter, presence of multiple draining veins, and presence of multiple draining veins reaching a sinus were associated with partial response. In this small cohort, diffuse AVM borders, presence of aneurysm, and pre-SRS embolization were not associated with obliteration.

Conclusions

Our study identifies AVMs in the pediatric population with a nidus diameter of <2.5 cm and a solitary draining vein as the most likely to undergo complete obliteration after SRS treatment.     

The role of gamma knife radiosurgery in children

OBJECTS: Despite advances in microneurosurgery, the surgical management of deep-seated lesions is still associated with a high risk. Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS), however, has improved the outcome of cerebral tumors and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in delicate areas. METHODS: Between March 1992 and June 1998, 50 children (age 1-16 years) with intracranial lesions were treated with GKRS. There were 12 low-grade gliomas, 12 high-grade gliomas, 7 craniopharyngiomas, 3 hamartomas, 2 meningiomas of the skull base, 2 vestibular schwannomas, 1 pituitary adenoma, 1 choroid plexus papilloma, and 10 AVMs. The mean size of the pathologies was 4.6 cm3 (range: 0.21-25.5 cm3). A mean marginal dose of 16 Gy (8-25 Gy) was applied to a mean isodose surface of 50% (35-90%). Clinical and neuroradiological follow-up were analyzed for outcome. Follow-up periods of 45 of these patients ranged from 8 to 79 months (mean 36 months); 5 patients were lost to follow-up. Neoplasms decreased in size in 15 cases (41%), remained unchanged in 13 patients (35%), and increased in 9 cases (24%). AVMs obliterated in 3 children (38%) within 24 months. Neurological follow-up demonstrated improved clinical status in 7 patients (15.5%), stable neurological status in 31 cases (69%) and clinical deterioration in 7 patients (15.5%). The treatment was well tolerated and no complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: GKRS represents a safe and effective treatment option for benign neoplasms or AVMs in pediatric patients and may extend survival times of children with malignant lesions.     

Pediatric arteriovenous malformations: a 15-year experience with an emphasis on residual and recurrent lesions

OBJECT: Pediatric arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are generally treated with microsurgical resection to achieve complete obliteration. We review our experience treating AVMs in children, particularly those with residual or recurrent lesions. METHODS: The records of 39 patients with AVMs (25 girls: 14 boys; average age 10.3 years) treated during a 15-year period were reviewed (mean follow-up 30 months). Three primary outcomes were analyzed: AVM obliteration by last follow-up, residual on postoperative angiograms and recurrence after angiographic "cure." RESULTS: Most children (57%) presented with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, the average nidus size was 3.4 cm, and the modal Spetzler-Martin grade was 2. AVMs were classified as compact (82%) or diffuse (18%). Most patients (90%) underwent surgery as their primary treatment. The immediate obliteration rate was 76% and the overall, long-term obliteration rate was 89%. Nine (23%) patients had residual nidus after initial treatment; five of these underwent further treatment that obliterated their lesion. Five (13%) patients developed recurrence within 6 years, including one patient with two recurrences. Three were successfully treated with a repeat resection. Patients with diffuse-type AVMs were at greater risk of having a persistent lesion (40%), residual lesion (44%), or recurrence (80%) at last follow-up. CONCLUSION: Most pediatric AVMs can be successfully treated with microsurgical resection. Endovascular treatment is reserved primarily as a preoperative adjunct and stereotactic radiosurgery for inoperable AVMs. Patients may develop recurrences years after their original treatment. Patients with diffuse-type AVMs were less likely to be cured and more likely to have a residual or a recurrence.     

脑动静脉畸形的临床治疗

目的探讨脑动静脉畸形（AVM）的临床治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2010年2月至2013年10月收治的123例脑AVM患者的临床资料。显微手术治疗70例,血管内治疗53例。结果手术治疗70例中,病灶完全切除61例;小部分残留患者9例,其中7例行伽玛刀治疗;术后随访3个月至2年,按GOS评分：恢复良好59例,中残6例,重残3例,植物生存1例,死亡1例。栓塞治疗53例中,一次完全栓塞21例;分次完全栓塞25例;小部分残留7例,行伽玛刀治疗;术后随访3个月-2年,按GOS评分：恢复良好48例,中残3例,植物生存1例,死亡1例。结论显微手术是脑AVM最主要的治疗方法;血管内栓塞既可以单独用于治疗,又可以作为显微手术重要辅助手段;病灶体积较大、位置在功能区或结构复杂的脑AVM常需要联合治疗。