原发性胆汁性胆管炎合并骨髓纤维化1例报告

正1病例资料患者女性,74岁,因"间断呕血、厌食、乏力、腹胀7年,加重伴双下肢浮肿1个月"于2018年4月18日入本院。患者7年前无明显诱因反复出现厌食、腹胀、乏力、呕血等,行相关检查明确诊断为"肝硬化",先后行3次食管静脉曲张套扎治疗,最近1次呕血为2014年9月。3年前患者因厌食、乏力、腹胀症状加重,     

肝脏囊腺瘤的临床特征附8例临床分析

目的 探讨肝脏囊腺瘤的诊断及治疗方法,提高对本病的认识.方法 总结我院2006年1月～2009年8月收治的8例病理诊断为肝内胆管囊腺瘤病例的临床表现、影像学特点、外科手术治疗情况及术后病理结果,回顾性分析各诊断及治疗情况的优缺点. 结果 8例肝脏囊腺瘤患者均为女性,平均47.5岁,影像学肿瘤病灶4例位于左叶,4例位于右叶,7例表现为囊实性,1例表现为实性;8例患者均行手术切除治疗,其中2例行姑息性切除,6例完整切除,术后病理为肝内胆管囊腺瘤,2例行局部切除患者术后1年内复发.结论 肝脏囊腺瘤临床多好发于中年女性,临床表现不典型,术前易误诊,CT及MRI检查有助于术前评估,治疗上首选手术治疗,推荐囊肿全部切除加周围部分正常肝组织切除术,局部切除患者术后复发率100%.     

原发性肝脏平滑肌肉瘤1例报告

<正>原发性肝脏平滑肌肉瘤在所有肝脏恶性肿瘤中极为罕见,其血供丰富,进展快,无特异性临床及影像学表现,诊断依赖免疫组织化学。结合我院收治的1例该病例,复习国内外相关文献,总结其影像学特点、病理学特征、诊断思路及治疗方法。1病例资料患者,女,22岁,因"乏力、腹胀、肝功能异常10 d,肝占位5d"入院。查体:消瘦、贫血貌,眼睑苍白,上腹部膨隆,肝肋下可触及约3 cm,质硬,移动性浊音阴性。强化CT示肝右叶见截面     

肝脏多发性包虫病合并肝脏及腹腔结核病l例

1.临床资料:患者女性,28岁,维族,农民.自述20 d前无诱因上腹胀痛不适,为阵发性胀痛,进行性加重,在当地医院查到肝脏肿块,于2003年5月26日来本院就诊,以肝脏包虫病入院.无发热、乏力、恶心呕吐及黄疸,饮食睡眠及大小便正常.平时体健,否认结核、肝炎、包虫病等传染病.     

酒精性肝硬化合并局限性肝脂肪浸润病变误诊为肝癌1例报告并文献复习

<正>1病例资料患者男性,51岁,因反复纳差、乏力5年入院。患者于5年前无明显诱因出现纳差、乏力,外院诊断为肝硬化、腹水,经保肝、对症处理后缓解。2年前于外院检查肝脏CT发现肝脏占位性病变(图1a,b),考虑诊断为"肝癌",患者及家属拒绝手术、放化疗及介入等治疗,出院后未行特殊处理,近期自感上述症状加重,食欲差,睡眠欠佳,近1个月体质量下降5 kg,大便稀,尿黄,来本科室住院治疗。即往饮酒史:7岁患甲型肝炎,已     

腹腔镜肝尾状叶腺瘤切除1例

1病例资料患者,女,26岁,因"发现肝脏占位性病变3 d"于2011年11月22日入院。既往:因功能失调性子宫出血3年,口服黄体酮治疗。查体及实验室检查无明显异常,吲哚菁绿(ICG)15 min滞留率为6.6%。腹部增强MRI示:肝脏多发囊肿,肝左叶内侧段、右叶前     

甲亢重症肝损害报告1例

1病例资料 患者,女,49岁,因间断发热、皮肤巩膜黄染半个月入院。患者入院前半个月无明显诱因出现发热,未测体温,自服维C银翘片（1片/次,3次/d）1.5 d后退热。随后出现皮肤巩膜黄染,伴有乏力、厌食、恶心,无腹痛,无陶土样大便,     

以门静脉高压症为主要临床表现的骨髓纤维化合并急性胆囊炎1例报告

正1病例资料患者女性,42岁,因"间断腹胀8年,便血1 d"入院。患者于8年前出现乏力、腹胀,行相关检查后诊断为"门静脉高压症、门静脉血栓、脾静脉血栓及肠系膜上静脉血栓"。后患者反复出现腹腔积液、胸腔积液、间断利尿治疗;1个月前患者出现气短,活动后加重。1 d前出现便血,量约1000 ml,暗红色,同时伴有心慌、大汗、一过性意识丧失,为治疗急诊入院。查     

不典型肝血管瘤误诊为肝囊腺瘤1例报告

<正>1病例资料患者女性，54岁，因“上腹部及背部困痛”于2022年8月16日就诊，入院查体、实验室检查、肝功能检查及肿瘤标志物均在正常范围内，未检测到肝炎病毒感染的血清学标志物。增强CT检查：肝右叶多房囊性占位，内见钙化及分隔，增强可见囊壁及分隔强化，考虑囊腺瘤（图1）;MRI肝脏特异性增强检查：肝S7见囊性长T1长T2混杂信号影，大小3.2 cm×3.4cm，内见多发薄壁分隔，增强扫描三期可见囊壁及分隔强化，ADC呈高信号，考虑囊腺瘤（图2）。完善相关检查后，患者行腹腔镜下部分肝切除术。     

获得性肝脑变性1例报道

1 临床资料 患者:男,47岁,吉林省长岭县人.因乏力、腹胀、反应迟钝、走路不稳1年,加重10 d,201 1年6月1日入院.患者缘于1年前出现乏力、腹胀,伴有反应迟钝、语言不利、走路不稳、呈蹒跚状,就诊于吉林省长岭县医院.化验肝功能转氨酶及胆红素轻度升高,白蛋白明显降低,CT提示肝脏形态欠规整,表面不光滑,诊断为"酒精性肝硬化",予保肝、利尿等治疗病情略有缓解.1年中病情时有加重.     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.