Li0.5La0.5TiO3包覆LiNil/3Co1/3Mnl/3O2材料的研究

以Li0.5La0.5TiO3为包覆物,制备了固体电解质包覆的LiNil/3Co1/3Mnl/3O2正极材料。采用XRD、SEM对材料进行了表征:XRD显示未包覆的材料具有α-NaFeO2层状结构,粒径在200～300nm之间,包覆后材料粒径略有增大,包覆层具有ABO3型固体电解质结构。包覆层的致密程度及材料的循环稳定性与热处理温度有关。包覆后400℃热处理得到的材料首次放电比容量为185mAh/g,较未包覆材料容量有所提高,50次循环后其容量仍能达到156.5mAh/g,表明包覆物Li0.5La0.5TiO3对LiNil/3Co1/3Mnl/3O2具有保护作用。     

MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-Y2O3玻璃的弹性模量

根据硬盘基板用材料的要求，制备了MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-Y2O3高弹性模量玻璃（120GPa)，玻璃的弹性模量随组成的变化服从Makishima-Mackenzie理论，MgO,Al2O3,TiO2,Y2O3等具有较高单位体积离解能的氧化物有利于提高玻璃的弹性模量，但玻璃弹性模量的理论计算值低于测试值，这是因为Makishima-Mackenzie理论没有考虑玻璃内阳离子的具体配位，对MgO,Y2O3堆积密度因子的堆导存在误差，因此利用Makishima-Mackenzie理论发展高弹性模量玻璃时应对MgO,Y2O3等氧化物的计算进行修正。     

La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Mn0.1Al0.1和La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2合金的储氢性能研究

针对两种新型稀土型储氢合金La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Mn0.1Al0.1和La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2的储氢特性进行研究分析。实验表明,相同温度下,La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Mn0.1Al0.1和La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2合金的PCT曲线基本重合,且都具有优良的吸氢动力学性能;相比之下,后者的滞后系数要小于前者,吸氢量较大,吸氢速率也较快,故其储氢性能较优。300次吸放氢循环实验结果表明,La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2合金的吸氢动力学性能虽然略有下降,但抗粉化性能较好。     

Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9-Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15材料的微观结构及电性能

采用固相烧结法制备了铋层结构铁电材料(1-x)Na0.5Bi2.5Nb₂O₉-xNa0.5Bi4.5Ti₄O₁₅(NBNO-NBT-x)。结合XRD、SEM以及电子能谱分析推测NBNO-NBT-0.5陶瓷主要为2-4层的共生结构NaBi₇Ti₄Nb₂O₂₄,由Na0.5Bi2.5Nb₂O₉和Na0.5Bi4.5-Ti₄O₁₅沿c轴交替排列。晶格结构的不对称性增加导致晶格应力增大,而NBNO和NBT两种单体系的复合将进一步加大离子无序和结构无序,从而使该组成的陶瓷表现出不同于两种单体系的微观结构和电性能。NBNO-NBT-0.5陶瓷的晶粒长度大于20 μm,厚度小于2 μm,晶粒长径比明显高于NBNO和NBT;而相比于两种单体其居里温度TC降低,居里峰宽化,高温介电损耗增大,电导激活能减小,铁电、压电性能降低。     

Sc2O3-Y2O3-ZrO2陶瓷材料热物理性能

采用固相合成法制备了6.3%Sc_2O_3-1.3%Y2O3-92.4%ZrO_2(摩尔分数)陶瓷材料。分别利用X射线衍射、示差扫描量热法、高温热膨胀仪和激光导热法对陶瓷材料的物相组成、高温相稳定性、热膨胀系数和热扩散等性能进行了表征。结果表明,经1600℃烧结6h,该陶瓷材料由单一的立方相结构组成,具有良好的高温相稳定性,热导率低于传统的6~8YSZ,是一种良好的热障涂层候选材料。     

La2O3添加对MgAl2O4-CaAl4O7-CaAl12O19复合材料烧结行为的影响

为适应材料轻量化的发展需要,在1 400~1 600℃温度下开发了MgAl₂O₄-CaAl₄O₇-CaAl₁₂O₁₉（MA-CA₂-CA₆）复合材料,并考察了La₂O₃添加对该复合材料烧结行为、显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,La₂O₃添加剂优先固溶到MA-CA₂-CA₆复合材料组成晶相CA₆中,促使CA₆相发生晶格畸变,有效抑制了CA₆晶粒沿基面的异常长大,其形貌由片状向等轴状趋势转变,促使MA-CA₂-CA₆复合材料制备过程中由于CA₆晶粒异常长大而导致的多孔网状显微结构得以有效消除,因此也极大地改善了Mg²⁺的扩散条件,在一定程度上间接促进了MA晶粒的发育,有效促进了MA-CA₂-CA₆复合材料的烧结。经1 200℃预烧、1 600℃保温2 h烧成后,当La₂O₃的添加量为4wt%时,MA-CA₂-CA₆复合材料试样的显气孔率由19.2%下降至6.1%,体积密度由2.78 g/cm³上升至3.18 g/cm³,制得了MA、CA₂、CA₆晶相呈现交织分布、显微结构致密、有利于其力学性能改善的La₂O₃/MA-CA₂-CA₆复合材料,经1 200℃预烧、-1 600℃保温2 h烧成后的4wt% La₂O₃添加试样,其冷态抗压强度由317 MPa增加到了501 MPa。     

La0.85Sr0.15Cr0.9Ni0.1O3-δCe0.8Sm0.2O1.9作为SOFC阳极材料的研究

较低的催化活性大大地限制了La0．85Sr0．15Cr0．9Ni0．1O3-δ-（LSCN）作为直接碳氢化合物燃料SOFC阳极材料的应用．本文尝试用Pechini法合成LSCN，并按重量比1：1向其中加入纳米Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9（SDC）作为阳极材料．经1500℃高温烧结12h后，LSCN与SDC以及电解质YSZ仍可以保持各自独立的相结构．加入SDC没能提高阳极的电导率，但由于改善了阳极电解质界面的结合状况，扩展了电极反应的活性区域，使阳极材料的极化性能有了提高．显微结构观察品示．LSCN-SDC阳极存甲烷与氧中使用时没有碳沉积现象．     

MoO3-V2O5-P2O5-Fe2O3玻璃的制备及性能研究

制备了MoO3-V2O5-P2O5-Fe2O3系磷酸盐玻璃,研究了玻璃形成能力、热膨胀系数和抗潮解等性能.结果表明,MoO3-V2O5-P2O5-Fe2O3系统具有较宽的玻璃形成区和较强的玻璃形成能力,当MoO3/V2O5≈1.5时,玻璃形成能力最强.MoO3-V2O5-P2O5-Fe2O3玻璃的热膨胀系数约为60～110×10-7/℃,并且随着Fe2O3含量的增加而逐渐增大.加入适量的Fe2O3能够显著改善MoO3-V2O5-P2O5玻璃的抗潮解性能,在90℃的去离子水中的溶解速率达到8.0×10-9g·cm-2·min-1.     

Bi0.9Ho0.1Fe0.95Cr0.05O3陶瓷制备及表征

采用传统固相反应法成功制备了Bi0.9Ho0.1Fe0.95Cr0.05O3(BHFCO)陶瓷。X射线衍射物相分析(XRD)表明,制备的BHFCO为纯相,具有菱方钙钛矿结构,属于R3c空间点群,晶格参数较块体BFO有所减小。介电常数与温度的关系曲线及差示扫描量热分析表明,BHFCO陶瓷具有明显介电弛豫特性,并在315℃附近存在反铁磁-顺磁相变。铁电测试表明BHFCO陶瓷具有饱和的室温电滞回线,剩余极化值为20.25μC/cm2。X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)表明BHFCO陶瓷中Fe元素仅以Fe3+形式存在。磁性测试表明BHFCO陶瓷具有饱和的室温磁滞回线,饱和磁化场强为2.290A·m2/kg,剩余磁化强度为0.476A·m2/kg。     

V2O5含量对SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-K2O-V2O5-F系玻璃陶瓷析晶的影响

应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)及电子探针(EPMA)等技术研究了V2O5含量对SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-K2O-V2O5-F玻璃陶瓷析晶的影响.结果表明,在所研究的玻璃体系中,V2O5的加入促进了莫来石晶体在较低温度下的析出,而且随着玻璃中V2O5含量的提高,莫来石和云母晶体的析晶温度区间逐渐向低温方向移动.EPMA结果显示在析出的晶体中没有钒元素的聚集,表明V2O5的加入没有参与晶体的直接形核,而是以网络外体的形式存在于玻璃体系中,削弱玻璃的结构,导致晶体析出温度降低.同时发现VO含量尽管对析出晶体的种类没有明显的影响,但是对晶体的形态、大小及数量的影响较为显著.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。