T300碳纤维热处理对Cf/SiC复合材料性能的影响

以聚碳硅烷先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备T300碳纤维增强3D Cf/SiC复合材料,研究了T300碳纤维预先热处理对材料性能的影响.结果表明,热处理能够弱化Cf/SiC复合材料中纤维-基体界面结合,减少碳纤维在复合过程的损伤,显著提高复合材料性能.纤维经热处理后制备的Cf/SiC复合材料弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别从未经处理的154MPa,4.8MPa·m1/2提高到437MPa,20.4 MPa·m1/2.     

两种先驱体低温裂解制备石英纤维增强氮化硅复合材料

以全氢聚硅氮烷( PHPS) 和聚甲基硅氮烷( PHMS) 为陶瓷先驱体, 通过循环浸渍和600 ℃低温裂解分别制备了三维石英纤维增强氮化硅复合材料, 对比研究了复合材料的力学性能和微观结构。结果表明: 由PHPS 制备的复合材料密度为1. 83 g/ cm3 , 气孔率10 % , 弯曲强度45. 4 MPa , 材料断口平整, 纤维基体界面结合强; 而由PHMS 制备的复合材料密度仅为1. 66 g/ cm3 , 气孔率16 % , 却具有更高的弯曲强度56. 3 MPa , 材料断面较粗糙,界面结合较弱。先驱体活性不同是导致复合材料界面结合强弱及力学性能不同的主要原因。      

纤维类型对纤维增强SiC基复合材料性能的影响

对比了采用先驱体浸渍法制备的三种不同纤维增强SiC基复合材料的性能差异,并从材料的微观结构特征入手分析了差异产生的原因。通过研究发现,采用Hi-Nicalon纤维增强的SiC基复合材料具有较好的性能,单向复合材料弯曲强度达到703.6 MPa, 断裂韧性达到23.1 MPa·m1/2;采用国产吉林碳纤维(JC)制备的SiC基复合材料也具有较好的性能,弯曲强度为501.1 MPa,断裂韧性为13.8 MPa·m1/2。      

制备工艺对Cf/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响

分别采用先驱体裂解-热压和先驱体浸渍-裂解方法制备出了Cf/SiC复合材料.重点探讨了不同制备工艺对复合材料纤维/基体间界面和力学性能的影响.研究表明,采用先驱体裂解-热压工艺制备复合材料时,由于制备温度较高,复合材料中纤维与基体间的界面结合强,同时纤维本身性能的退化严重,因此复合材料表现为脆性断裂,具有较低的力学性能.而采用先驱体浸渍-裂解法制备复合材料时,由于致密化温度较低,复合材料中纤维与基体的界面结合较弱,而且纤维的性能保留率较高.因此,纤维能够较好地发挥补强增韧作用,复合材料具有较好的力学性能, 其抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为573.4MPa和17.2 MPa*m1/2.     

PIP法制备C/SiOC复合材料的微结构演变与力学性能EI北大核心

碳纤维增强硅树脂衍生SiOC(C/SiOC)复合材料具有高性价比的优势,是一种应用前景良好的高温结构材料。以碳纤维针刺毡作为增强体,通过先驱体浸渍裂解(precursor infiltration pyrolysis,PIP)工艺制备C/SiOC复合材料。在首周期引入热模压交联工艺,通过优化热模压温度和压力,在不破坏针刺毡结构的前提下,有效提高了纤维体积分数和复合材料致密度,使C/SiOC复合材料的室温弯曲强度和断裂韧度分别提升至331 MPa和16.0 MPa·m^(1/2)。对C/SiOC复合材料的致密化过程的结构演变进行了分析,结果表明,基体优先填充纤维束内孔隙,复合材料的孔隙大部分集中分布在Z向纤维附近。随着制备周期的增加,复合材料的孔隙率逐渐降低,孔隙由连通孔转变为孤立孔。经过8周期“浸渍-交联-裂解”工艺,复合材料基本完成致密化。     

PIP法制备C/SiOC复合材料的微结构演变与力学性能EI

碳纤维增强硅树脂衍生SiOC(C/SiOC)复合材料具有高性价比的优势,是一种应用前景良好的高温结构材料。以碳纤维针刺毡作为增强体,通过先驱体浸渍裂解(precursor infiltration pyrolysis,PIP)工艺制备C/SiOC复合材料。在首周期引入热模压交联工艺,通过优化热模压温度和压力,在不破坏针刺毡结构的前提下,有效提高了纤维体积分数和复合材料致密度,使C/SiOC复合材料的室温弯曲强度和断裂韧度分别提升至331 MPa和16.0 MPa·m^(1/2)。对C/SiOC复合材料的致密化过程的结构演变进行了分析,结果表明,基体优先填充纤维束内孔隙,复合材料的孔隙大部分集中分布在Z向纤维附近。随着制备周期的增加,复合材料的孔隙率逐渐降低,孔隙由连通孔转变为孤立孔。经过8周期“浸渍-交联-裂解”工艺,复合材料基本完成致密化。     

SiCf/SiC复合材料的制备与力学性能

分别采用先驱体裂解-热压和先驱体浸渍-裂解方法制备出了SiCf/SiC复合材料.重点探讨了不同制备工艺对复合材料纤维/基体间界面和断裂行为的影响.研究表明,采用先驱体裂解-热压工艺制备复合材料时,虽然烧结液相可以促进复合材料的致密化,但其同时导致纤维与基体间的界面结合强以及纤维本身性能的退化,因此复合材料表现为脆性断裂,具有较低的力学性能.而采用先驱体浸渍-裂解法制备复合材料时,由于致密化温度较低,复合材料中纤维与基体的界面结合较弱,而且纤维的性能保留率较高,因此,纤维能够较好地发挥补强增韧作用,复合材料具有较好的力学性能,其抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为703.6MPa和23.1Pa.m1/2.     

不同先驱体制备C/SiC复合材料及其浸渍行为

采用先驱体浸渍裂解工艺(PIP工艺)制备C/SiC复合材料, 研究了不同先驱体对复合材料浸渍行为的影响(三种先驱体分别为固态聚碳硅烷(PCS(s))、液态聚碳硅烷Ⅰ(PCS-Ⅰ(l))和液态聚碳硅烷Ⅱ(PCS-Ⅱ(l)), 制备的三种复合材料体系分别为C/SiC-0、C/SiC-Ⅰ和C/SiC-Ⅱ)。结合C/SiC复合材料的力学性能以及不同裂解周期C/SiC复合材料的微观形貌, 研究了不同先驱体制备的C/SiC复合材料对碳纤维织物浸渍行为的影响。研究结果表明: C/SiC-Ⅰ复合材料的室温弯曲强度最高, 达到336 MPa。不同裂解周期的微观形貌显示, C/SiC-0复合材料内部孔隙分布于碳纤维束间; C/SiC-Ⅰ复合材料内部较致密, 孔隙分布均匀; C/SiC-Ⅱ复合材料基体和束丝内部都存在孔隙, 说明三种聚碳硅烷浸渍液对C/SiC复合材料有不同的浸渍效果。凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)的分析结果显示, 由于浸渍液的分子量不同, 大分子无法浸渍到碳纤维束丝内部, 会造成裂解后的复合材料束内SiC基体较少, 造成其力学性能较低。     

低分子量聚碳硅烷制备3D-Cf/SiC复合材料

研究了低分子量聚碳硅烷 (PCS) 通过先驱体浸渍裂解 (PIP) 工艺制备C_f/SiC复合材料。分析表明:PCS的数均分子量为400,活性较强,陶瓷化产率为70％左右,在1200℃基本转化为微晶态的β-SiC。分别通过3种不同升温速率制备了3D-C_f/SiC复合材料试样,其弯曲强度分别为745.2MPa、686.7MPa和762.5MPa,明显高于文献报道3D-C_f/SiC复合材料弯曲强度300~500MPa的水平。试样断口的SEM照片均显示长的纤维拔出,有良好的增韧效果,低分子量PCS裂解得到的基体比较致密。实验结果说明,低分子量PCS适合于制备3D-C_f/SiC复合材料,并且提高升温裂解速率对材料性能影响很小。      

SiC纤维表面碳涂层及其SiCf/SiC复合材料性能研究

采用先驱体转化法(PIP)以酚醛和沥青为先驱体在SiC纤维表面涂覆碳层,并制备SiCf/SiC复合材料;优化了两种碳涂层制备工艺;分析了涂层后纤维的表面形貌并测试涂层厚度;研究了两种碳涂层对两种SiC纤维(普通和含铝)及复合材料力学性能的影响.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。