新能源大规模并网中储能技术的运用探究

新能源技术,特别是风能和太阳能,正在快速发展并逐渐占据电力市场的一席之地。然而,这些可再生能源由于其本身的不稳定性,对电网稳定性和效率提出了新的挑战。储能技术通过暂时储存多余的电能,有助于电网的峰谷平衡、频率调节和电压稳定。基于此,从新能源大规模并网中储能技术的作用入手,深入分析大规模并网中的储能技术类型,探讨新能源大规模并网中储能技术的具体运用,进而促进可再生能源的高比例接入和电网的稳定运行。     

计及源荷双侧不确定性的全可再生能源系统日前经济调度

建立一种以太阳能、风能、生物质能为一次能源,并满足电、热、冷负荷需求的全可再生能源系统模型。充分考虑全可再生能源系统源荷双侧不确定性,建立基于两阶段鲁棒优化的日前经济调度模型,并采用列约束生成（C&CG）算法求解。仿真算例分析表明：通过发挥可再生能源系统多能互补的特性,可以实现可再生能源完全消纳,同时,通过调整不确定性调节参数,可以有效改善鲁棒优化的保守性,从而在保障安全稳定运行的前提下,最大程度提升能源系统运行经济性。     

计及源荷双侧不确定性的全可再生能源系统日前经济调度

建立一种以太阳能、风能、生物质能为一次能源,并满足电、热、冷负荷需求的全可再生能源系统模型。充分考虑全可再生能源系统源荷双侧不确定性,建立基于两阶段鲁棒优化的日前经济调度模型,并采用列约束生成（C&CG）算法求解。仿真算例分析表明：通过发挥可再生能源系统多能互补的特性,可以实现可再生能源完全消纳,同时,通过调整不确定性调节参数,可以有效改善鲁棒优化的保守性,从而在保障安全稳定运行的前提下,最大程度提升能源系统运行经济性。     

“2014中国风能太阳能并网会议”征稿启事

正2014年8月7—8日"2014中国风能太阳能并网会议"将在北京举办。会议将为广大从事可再生能源发电及并网工作的科研、管理、技术工作人员提供便利高效的可再生能源并网技术国际交流平台,探讨大规模风能、太阳能接入对电力系统分析、运行、调度与安全稳定的新挑战,推动以风能、太阳能为代表的可再生能源发电及并网领域科学技术的发展及应用,促进我国大规模可再生能源并网问题的解决。会议由国家能源大型风电并网系统研发(实验)中心、国家能源太阳能发电研发     

可再生能源与电网的和谐发展策略

针对吉林省长春市的电网建设以及可再生能源发展现状,提出可再生能源与当地电网和谐发展的有效策略. 通过分析太阳能、风能等可再生能源利用与发展进程中存在的问题,确定可再生能源对电网电压特性、稳态频率、调 度计划、电厂经济、生态环境的影响因素.结论是在确保电网安全稳定运行的情况下,从机制创新、结构优化、明确电价、政策调节等方面来促进二者的和谐发展.     

基于超导磁储能系统的微电网频率暂态稳定控制策略

微电网作为智能电网的重要组成部分,具有并网运行和孤网运行两种运行模式。由于微电网的惯性很小,模式切换过程或孤网下大的负荷投切都会对微电网的频率稳定性造成影响。针对这两种情形,研究超导磁储能系统(SMES)在微电网频率暂态稳定控制中的应用。首先对比分析了超级电容与SMES的性能参数,明确两种储能装置的差别,然后设计了基于虚拟惯量的SMES控制策略、基于模糊控制的超导磁体电流调整策略与SMES容量配置策略。SMES作为微电网的能量缓冲器改善微电网频率的暂态稳定特性。同时,优化调整超导磁体的电流水平,使SMES能够处于最佳的能量/功率水平。仿真算例结果验证了所设计控制策略、电流调整策略与容量配置策略的有效性。     

使用LabVIEW和DAQ监测太阳能、水能以及风能混合发电系统

马来西亚的气候日照充足、年降雨量充沛,且季风时节的风力很大,因此能够综合利用太阳能、水能以及风能等可再生能源进行发电.利用LabVIEW系统设计软件开发了一个针对太阳能、水能以及风能( PVHW)混合能源发电系统的监测装置.使用NI LabVIEW软件和NI数据采集(DAQ)硬件监测混合能源发电系统,控制可再生能源为电池充放电,从而在维持电池的供电能力的状态下,最大限度地降低从电网获取的供电量.     

风能太阳能互补的发电方式

介绍了利用太阳能与风能各自的优势互补发电的装置与工作原理,阐明利用风能为主,太阳能为辅的互补旋风发电装置已具备实用价值,通过人为创造稳定、连续的发电环境,利用可再生能源发电解决矿物燃料紧缺和污染等问题。     

超导电力磁储能系统研究进展(一)——超导储能装置

介绍了超导磁储能装置（SMES）的基本原理、系统组成和发展状况,阐述了具有高效、快速响应、能与系统独立进行四象限交换有功和无功功率等特性的SMES在电力系统中应用的重要意义,概述了SMES的应用前景和需要进一步解决的若干问题,并针对我国SMES研究的现状提出了一些建设性意见。     

超导电力磁储能系统研究进展(一)——超导储能装置

交介绍了超导磁储能装置（SMES）的基本原理、系统组成和发展状,阐述了具有高效、快速响应、能与系统独立进行四象限交换有功和无功功率等特性的SMES在电力系统中应的重要意义,概述了SMES的应用前景和需要进一步解决的若干问题。并针对我国SMES研究的现状提出了一些建设性意见。     

Techno-economic analysis of MJ class high temperature Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage(SMES) systems applied to renewable power grids

High temperature Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage(SMES) systems can exchange energy with substantial renewable power grids in a small period of time with very high efficiency. Because of this distinctive feature, they store the abundant wind power when the power network is congested and release the energy back to the system when there is no congestion. However, considering the cost and lifespan of SMES systems, there is an urgent demand to conduct a cost-benefit analysis to justify its role in smart grid development. This study explores the application and performs economic analysis of a 5 MJ SMES in a practical renewable power system in China based on the PSCAD/EMTDC software. An optimal location of SMES in Zhangbei wind farm is presented using real power transmission parameters. The stabilities of the renewable power grid with and without SMES are discussed. In addition, a financial feasibility study is conducted by comparing the cost and the savings from wind power curtailment of deploying SMES and battery. The economic analysis tries to find the balance between SMES investment cost and wind farm operation cost by using real data over a calendar year. The technical analysis can help guide the optimal allocation of SMES for compensating power system instability with substantial wind power. Further, the economic analysis provides a useful indication of its practical application feasibility to fight the balance between cost and benefit.     

Integration of PV system with SMES based on model predictive control for utility grid reliability improvement.

This paper describes the integration of a photovoltaic (PV) renewable energy source with a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system. The integrated system can improve the voltage stability of the utility grid and achieve power leveling. The control schemes employ model predictive control (MPC), which has gained significant attention in recent years because of its advantages such as fast response and simple implementation. The PV system provides maximum power at various irradiation levels using the incremental conductance technique (INC). The interfaced grid side converter of the SMES can control the grid voltage by regulating its injected reactive power to the grid, while the charge and discharge operation of the SMES coil can be managed by the system operator to inject/absorb active power to/from the grid to achieve the power leveling strategy. Simulation results based on MATLAB/Simulink® software prove the fast response of the system control objectives in tracking the setpoints at different loading scenarios and PV irradiance levels, while the SMES injects/absorbs active and reactive power to/from the grid during various events to improve the voltage response and achieve power leveling strategy.     

超导储能技术在可再生能源中的应用与展望

超导储能系统直接将电磁能存储在超导磁体中,无须中间转换环节,具有响应速度快、功率密度高、效率高等优点,在可再生能源领域具有重要的应用价值。总结了超导储能系统在可再生能源领域的研究现状,将其在可再生能源应用的研究归纳为如下几个方面:解决可再生能源的波动性及其引发的频率稳定性问题,解决暂态功率失衡引发的电网稳定性问题,解决可再生能源发电设备的故障穿越问题,以及解决与其他超导电力装置协同控制问题。详细介绍了超导储能系统在这些方面应用的基本原理和实现方法,评估了其技术成熟度和经济性,介绍了其典型应用案例,指出影响其未来发展的核心关键技术,并对其未来的发展进行了展望。     

基于超导储能系统的风电场功率控制系统设计

风电场输出功率的波动性和间歇性会给电网带来不利的影响。为了降低风电场并网对电能质量的影响,文中阐述了一种基于超导储能系统的抑制风电场功率波动的间接控制方法。利用超导储能系统的四象限功率运行能力来补偿风电场输出的有功和无功功率波动,并抑制由此产生的电网电压波动;通过合理设计超导储能系统功率调节器的带宽来优化储能量。通过对风电场连接于弱电网的仿真,验证了所提出的功率控制策略的有效性。     

超导储能改善并网风电场稳定性的研究

建立了风电机组和超导储能(SMES)装置的数学模型以研究SMES对并网风电场运行稳定性的改善.针对风电系统中经常出现的联络线短路故障和风电场的风速扰动,提出利用SMES安装点的电压偏差作为SMES有功控制器的控制信号的策略.对实例系统进行的仿真计算结果表明,SMES采用该控制策略,不仅可以在网络故障后有效地提高风电场的稳定性,而且能够在快速的风速扰动下平滑风电场的功率输出,降低风电场对电网的冲击.     

Superconducting energy storage technology-based synthetic inertia system control to enhance frequency dynamic performance in microgrids with high renewable penetration

With high penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) in modern power systems, system frequency becomes more prone to fluctuation as RESs do not naturally have inertial properties. A conventional energy storage system (ESS) based on a battery has been used to tackle the shortage in system inertia but has low and short-term power support during the disturbance. To address the issues, this paper proposes a new synthetic inertia control (SIC) design with a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system to mimic the necessary inertia power and damping properties in a short time and thereby regulate the microgrid (µG) frequency during disturbances. In addition, system frequency deviation is reduced by employing the proportional-integral (PI) controller with the proposed SIC system. The efficacy of the proposed SIC system is validated by comparison with the conventional ESS and SMES systems without using the PI controller, under various load/renewable perturbations, nonlinearities, and uncertainties. The simulation results highlight that the proposed system with SMES can efficiently manage several disturbances and high system uncertainty compared to the conventional ESS and SMES systems, without using the PI controller.     

超导储能装置应用于风电场平滑功率输出的研究

建立了风电机组和超导储能(superconducting magnetic energy storage,SMES)装置的数学模型以研究SMES对并网风电场运行稳定性的改善。针对风电系统中经常出现的联络线短路故障和风电场的风速扰动,提出利用SMES安装点的电压偏差作为SMES有功控制器的控制信号的策略。并搭建了风电场接入电网后的仿真模型,对实例系统进行的仿真计算结果表明,SMES采用该控制策略,不仅可以在网络故障后有效地提高风电场的稳定性,而且能够在快速的风速扰动下平滑风电场的功率输出,降低风电场对电网的冲击。     

基于SMES外环主控制策略的功率震荡抑制研究

长治-南阳-荆门特高压试验示范工程是目前华北和华中两大区域电网之间唯一的联络线,自2008年投运以来,联络线上出现了较大幅度的功率波动。超导储能（SuperconductorMagneticsEnergySystem,SMES）装置具有无损高效储能与快速电能转换的特性,本文分析了SMES装置抑制功率振荡的机理,建立了含有SMES的两区四机系统电磁暂态模型,采用多种SMES外环主控制策略进行仿真计算,实现联络线功率振荡的抑制,并比较了几种控制策略的优缺点。仿真结果表明,基于多种外环主控制策略的SMES装置能够有效抑制特高压联络线的功率振荡,提高区域电网联网的稳定水平。     

A developed control strategy for mitigating wind power generation transients using superconducting magnetic energy storage with reactive power support

The fast variations of wind speed during extreme wind gusts result in fluctuations in both generated power and the voltage of power systems connected to wind energy conversion system (WECS). This paper presents a control strategy which has been tested out using two scenarios of wind gusts. The strategy is based on active and reactive powers controls of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES). The WECS includes squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) with shunt connected capacitor bank to improve the power factor. The SMES system consists of step down transformer, power conditioning unit, DC–DC chopper, and large inductance superconducting coil. The WECS and SMES are connected at the point of common coupling (PCC). Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is used with the DC–DC chopper to control the power transfer between the grid and SMES coil. The FLC is designed so that the SMES can absorb/deliver active power from/to the power system. Moreover, reactive power is controlled to regulate the voltage profile of PCC. Two inputs are applied to the FLC; the wind speed and SMES current to control the amount active and reactive power generated by SMES. The proposed strategy is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink®. The proposed control strategy of SMES is robust, as it successfully controlled the PCC voltage, active and reactive powers during normal wind speeds and for different scenarios of wind gusts. The PCC voltage was regulated at 1.0 pu for the two studied scenarios of wind gusts. The fluctuation ranges of real power delivered to the grid were decreased by 53.1% for Scenario #1 and 56.53% for Scenario #2. The average reactive power supplied by the grid to the wind farm were decreased by 27.45% for Scenario #1 and 31.13% for Scenario #2.     

超导磁储能系统抑制风力发电功率波动的研究

建立含超导磁储能装置(SMES)的单机无穷大系统的Phillips-Heffron模型,导出含SMES电力系统总的电磁转矩表达式,从理论上分析SMES对增强系统阻尼的作用.并设计了SMES非线性比例积分微分控制器,数字仿真结果验证了SMES阻尼系统功率振荡的特性,同时表明该控制器具有较好的鲁棒性.