轻量级嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈的设计

介绍了引入轻量级TCP/IP协议栈的背景，描述了标准TCP/IP协议栈，分析了嵌入式系统中TCP/IP协议栈的特点和设计的思路，总结了轻量级TCP/IP协议栈和标准TCP/IP协议栈的区别。     

基于XML的可配置IP库的设计与实现

当前SOC（System-On-Chip）设计中IP重用面临很多难题：可重用IP的表述及如何提高IP的可重用性等。针对上述的问题，给出一种基于XML描述的IP库设计和实现方法。分析了RTL级IP（Intellectual Property）和IP库的特点，提出了基于XML可配置IP库的层次结构，给出了基于XMLIP库的形式化描述。结合一个软处理器核（OpenRISC嵌入式处理器）给出了基于XMLIP库的框架及实例，总结了基于XML可配置IP库的特点，介绍了基于XMLIP库在实验室项目中的应用：一个基于CSCWD（计算机协同工作设计）的SOC开发设计平台。     

IP数据包及其应用开发

描述了ICP／IP协议的基本结构及IP数据包的一种操作方法，探讨了网络层的应用开发。     

基于Java技术的BACnet/IP路由器的软件实现

对BACnet／IP网络体系结构和BACnet／IP互联网拓扑结构进行了分析．描述了BACnet／IP路由器的功能．提出了连接多个BACnet／IP网络的路由器软件要解决的关键技术问题，论证了Java技术用于开发BACnet／IP路由器软件的可行性．完成BACnet／IP路由器软件的实现。     

基于多播技术的网络应用

在介绍IP多播技术基本原理的基础之上，重点阐述了在Linux环境下如何利用多播技术实现数据的广播和监听，并简要地描述了IP多播技术的应用情况。     

移动IP穿越NAT网关的研究与实现

在分析移动IP隧道数据包和NAT一起工作会出现问题的基础上，描述了基于IP-in-UDP隧道(简称UDP隧道封装)封装移动IP穿越NAT的解决机制，并给出了在企业虚拟专用网中移动IP穿越IPSec／NAT集成网关的一种实现。     

宽带IP数据包分类方法

IP over DH是当前IP主干网上普遍采用的传输技术，与其他传输方式相比，它能提供较高的带宽利用率。本文简要描述了IP over SDH的原理及解帧过程，介绍了SATURN开发组制定的POS-PHY系列接口，并分析了基于第三层和第四层的分类模型。     

IP交换机中关键软件的研究与实现

IP交换机是宽带高速智能网络中的重要设备，本文综合对比了几款IP交换机，给出了IP交换机中的一般软件结构．对软件中最为关键的操作系统、路由软件和驱动程序作了详细的分析．并在此基础上阐述了选择、设计的一般方法，以LT-501IP交换机的设计实现为实例，描述了重点函数和功能模块的设计实现的算法和流程．     

嵌入式协议栈Mobile IP功能的测试

在一个无操作系统的嵌入式系统上移植了标准的ICP／IP协议栈。并为协议栈添加了对Mobilc IP协议的支持，为了检验所作的修改是否符合Mobile IP协议的规定，进行了多项测试，观察协议栈在不同情况下的反应，文章对测试过程进行了描述并列出了测试条目。     

基于Ponder语言的防火墙策略描述方法研究

目前Ponder语法一般采用域表达式来标识主体和目标,不支持IP这类特殊类型的主体/目标标识.而防火墙的策略描述一般用IP地址来标识,如何扩展Ponder语法,使其可以表达防火墙的访问控制规则,是目前用Ponder语言描述防火墙规则亟待解决的问题.引进IP域和服务域结构,给出了采用IP数据包标识目标的描述方法.     

The Old-Age Healthy Dependency Ratio in Europe

The aim of this study is to answer the question of whether improvements in the health of the elderly in European countries could compensate for population ageing on the supply side of the labour market. We propose a state-of-health-specific (additive) decomposition of the old-age dependency ratio into an old-age healthy dependency ratio and an old-age unhealthy dependency ratio in order to participate in a discussion of the significance of changes in population health to compensate for the ageing of the labour force. Applying the proposed indicators to the Eurostat's population projection for the years 2010-2050, and assuming there will be equal improvements in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy at birth, we discuss various scenarios concerning future of the European labour force. While improvements in population health are anticipated during the years 2010-2050, the growth in the number of elderly people in Europe may be expected to lead to a rise in both healthy and unhealthy dependency ratios. The healthy dependency ratio is, however, projected to make up the greater part of the old-age dependency ratio. In the European countries in 2006, the value of the old-age dependency ratio was 25. But in the year 2050, with a positive migration balance over the years 2010-2050, there would be 18 elderly people in poor health plus 34 in good health per 100 people in the current working age range of 15-64. In the scenarios developed in this study, we demonstrate that improvements in health and progress in preventing disability will not, by themselves, compensate for the ageing of the workforce. However, coupled with a positive migration balance, at the level and with the age structure assumed in the Eurostat's population projections, these developments could ease the effect of population ageing on the supply side of the European labour market.     

日汉机器翻译中词的自动切分技术

本文阐述NDJCMT系统中词的自动切分技术, NDJCMT是我们实现的一个日汉机器翻译实验系统, 词的自动切分是日语词素分析、句法及语义分析的基础, 是一项日本语计算机信息处理的基础性研完课题, 它涉及对语言本身的研究。日语和汉语类似, 词及词之间无分隔符, 通常假名、汉字混写, 给词的切分造成了困难。作者根据日语的特点, 提出了一种“ 句节数最少” 词的自动切分方法, 使用语言编程且在一机上获得实现。     

Increased synchrony with increase of a low-threshold calcium conductance in a model thalamic network: a phase-shift mechanism

A computer model of a thalamic network was used in order to examine the effects of an isolated augmentation in a low-threshold calcium current. Such an isolated augmentation has been observed in the reticular thalamic (RE) nucleus of the genetic absence epilepsy rat from the Strasbourg (GAERS) model of absence epilepsy. An augmentation of the low-threshold calcium conductance in the RE neurons (gTs) of the model thalamic network was found to lead to an increase in the synchronized firing of the network. This supports the hypothesis that the isolated increase in gTs may be responsible for epileptic activity in the GAERS rat. The increase of gTs in the RE neurons led to a slight increase in the period of the isolated RE neuron firing. In contrast, the low-threshold spike of the RE neuron remained relatively unchanged by the increase of gTs. This suggests that the enhanced synchrony in the network was primarily due to a phase shift in the firing of the RE neurons with respect to the thalamocortical neurons. The ability of this phase-shift mechanism to lead to changes in synchrony was further examined using the model thalamic network. A similar increase in the period of RE neuron oscillations was obtained through an increase in the conductance of the calcium-mediated potassium channel. This change was once again found to increase synchronous firing in the network.     

Adaptive solutions to the mutual exclusion problem

Summary Algorithms for mutual exclusion that adapt to the current degree of contention are developed. Afilter and a leader election algorithm form the basic building blocks. The algorithms achieve system response times that are independent of the total number of processes and governed instead by the current degree of contention. The final algorithm achieves a constant amortized system response time. Manhoi Choy was born in 1967 in Hong Kong. He received his B.Sc. in Electrical and Electronic Engineerings from the University of Hong Kong in 1989, and his M.Sc. in Computer Science from the University of California at Santa Barbara in 1991. Currently, he is working on his Ph.D. in Computer Science at the University of California at Santa Barbara. His research interests are in the areas of parallel and distributed systems, and distributed algorithms. Ambuj K. Singh is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He received a Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Texas at Austin in 1989, an M.S. in Computer Science from Iowa State University in 1984, and a B.Tech. from the Indian Institute of Technology at Kharagpur in 1982. His research interests are in the areas of adaptive resource allocation, concurrent program development, and distributed shared memory.A preliminary version of the paper appeared in the 12th Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed ComputingWork supported in part by NSF grants CCR-9008628 and CCR-9223094     

The application of IT in organisations: Some trends and issues

Abstract

This paper describes some trends and issues in the application of information technology in organisations. Technology trends are outlined in the areas of computing power, telecommunications, networking, software and standards. Some trends in the applications of IT are described with respect to developments in information systems and office automation. Some differences in the likely role of IT in the industrialised and developing countries are discussed. The second half of the paper deals with issues in the management of IT applications in organisations, and issues are identified as being political, organisational and social in nature in addition to technical. A social systems framework is proposed for the analysis of these issues. Some specific IT issues are then discussed involving alternative stakeholder perspectives, the analysis of decision making processes, the process of consultation and communication and the organisational impacts of IT applications.     

INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE ON CASE-BASED REASONING IN THE HEALTH SCIENCES

There has been an explosion of interest in health sciences applications of case-based reasoning (CBR), not only in the traditional CBR in medicine domain, but also in bioinformatics, enabling home health-care technologies, CBR integration, and synergies between CBR and knowledge discovery. This special issue features the best papers from the third workshop on CBR in the health sciences, held at ICCBR-05 in Madrid. It is the third in a series of exciting workshops, the first two of which were held at ICCBR-03, in Trondheim, Norway, and at ECCBR-04, in Madrid, Spain. The nine high-quality papers introduced here represent the research and experience of twenty-two authors working in eight different countries on a wide range of problems and projects. These papers illustrate some of the major trends of current research in CBR in the health sciences, and represent overall an excellent sample of the most recent advances of CBR in the health sciences.     

Deflationary Regulation of Market Equilibrium

Deflation in economy is defined as a result of reduction of the amount of money in circulation by the Central Bank and the financial sector, which violated the equilibrium. The equilibrium can be restored by the market system in the process of regulating the production of goods through reduction in the number of employed in the production sector in the context of consumer demand. To restore the growth of production of goods and overcome deflationary period, the Central Bank, at the cost of capital employed in production, should establish the amount of money in circulation that ensures the necessary level of inflation. As a result, overcoming the deflation leads to a financial catastrophe with high unemployment and hyperinflation.     

Access to information in Europe

Developments in telecommunications, together with the availability of large collections of bibliographic references in computer-readable form, have produced a great change in access to scientific and technical information. Although the major information systems are in the USA, there is rapid development in Europe under the stimulus of the Commission of the European Communities' action plans in this area. Progress in the provision of information systems in Europe is described, and the problems that are still under consideration are discussed.     

An evaluation study of the use of a cognitive tool in a one-to-one classroom for promoting classroom-based dialogic interaction

An evaluation study was conducted to investigate the effect of the use of a computer-supported cognitive tool (CT) in the one-to-one classroom setting on student engagement, attainment and perceptions in learning common fractions. Two Primary 4 classes with 68 students participated in this study based on 11 teaching sessions lasting 455 min in total. The students in the experimental group learned the target topic with the use of CT in a one-to-one classroom, while the students in the control group learned the target topic under the traditional teaching approach. The results of a time allocation analysis showed that the use of CT in a one-to-one classroom enhanced student engagement in terms of time-on-task for learning exploration during class time. The results of the post-attainment test indicated that students in the experimental group performed better than those in the control group. Moreover, the questionnaire survey results indicated that students liked to learn the target topic with the use of CT in a one-to-one classroom. This study reveals the potential of the use of CT in a one-to-one classroom to promote classroom-based dialogic interaction in mathematics lessons. It also implies a need for a longitudinal study to investigate suitable pedagogical designs for the use of CT for promoting knowledge transfer in learning challenging mathematics topics.