喉癌喉部分切除及喉功能重建

目的对189例喉部分切除,喉功能重建的喉癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并对各种术式和修复方法的疗效进行评价。方法对189例喉癌患者喉部分切除术后,同期采用颈前带状肌肌筋膜瓣、会厌瓣加双蒂肌筋膜瓣和舌骨肌瓣修复喉组织缺损,重建喉功能。47例颈淋巴结转移者同期行颈廓清术。结果所有患者术后10～15d进食。术后拔除气管套管114例,拔管率60.3%。23例发生术后感染,7例发生咽瘘。3、5年生存率分别为72%和65.6%。有颈淋巴结转移者生存率低于无转移者,未接受放疗者生存率低于术后放疗者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论依据喉癌发生的部位和累及范围选择不同的术式和修复方法,同期喉功能重建提高了患者的生活质量,值得推荐。     

会厌瓣和胸骨舌骨肌肌筋膜瓣在喉癌喉部分切除喉功能重建中的应用

目的:探讨和评价喉癌喉部分切除喉功能重建的手术方法。方法:265例喉癌患者喉部分切除术后同期采用会厌瓣、颈前胸骨舌骨肌肌筋膜瓣、会厌瓣加胸骨舌骨肌肌筋膜瓣联合修复喉缺损。其中79例同期行颈淋巴结清扫术。结果:265例患者鼻饲管于术后10~15d拔除。术后拔除气管套管218例,拔管率为82.26%。12例术后发生伤口感染,其中2例发生咽瘘。3、5年生存率分别是74.72%、70.88%。结论:喉部分切除术后应用胸骨舌骨肌肌筋膜瓣、会厌瓣Ⅰ期喉功能重建,手术操作简单,取材方便,创伤小,成活率高,手术效果好,是值得推广的手术方法。     

保留功能的喉癌手术70例报告

目的 :探讨喉部分切除术治疗声门型、声门上型喉癌的远期疗效和功能恢复。方法 :对 1978年 7月～1998年 8月间手术的 70例临床资料进行总结和随访。其中声门型喉癌 6 0例、声门上型喉癌 10例 ;施行喉裂开声带切除术 2 2例 ,垂直半喉切除术 2 2例 ,Majer- Piquet手术 17例 ,水平半喉切除术 7例 ,Arslan手术 2例。结果 :1、3及 5年生存率分别为 98.5 3%、87.0 4%和 78.2 6 %。拔管率为 10 0 %。全部病例恢复经口进食 ,一经拔管均能发音。并发症发生率和术后复发率各为 15 .71%和 13.0 4%。结论 :喉部分切除术是功能保全性喉部恶性肿瘤根治的有效术式。它在切除肿瘤、延长生命的同时可以较好地保留喉的生理功能 ,提高患者术后的生活质量     

喉部分切除术的远期疗效

目的 :评价各种喉部分切除术的远期疗效。方法 :对 1984年 3月至 1998年 3月的 2 6 4例喉癌患者行喉部分切除术。手术方法共 8种 :激光声带切除术 19例 ,喉裂开声带切除术 2 9例 ,侧位垂直喉部分切除术 5 8例 ,前位喉部分切除术 18例 ,声门上水平喉部分切除术 4 2例 ,水平垂直喉部分切除术 2 9例 ,扩大喉次全切除术5 1例 (其中扩大至舌根 2 3例 ,扩大至梨状窝 2 5例 ,扩大至气管 3例 ) ,近全喉切除术 18例。同期行颈廓清术 113例 (14 6侧 ,其中功能性 98侧 ,根治性 4 8侧 )。修补材料有颈部皮肌瓣、颈前肌筋膜瓣、室带下移成形声带、局部喉粘膜、甲状软骨膜、会厌下移等 ,酌情单独应用或联合应用。结果 :所有患者均能讲话 ,进行语言交流。 89例无误咽 ,112例轻度误咽 ,5 7例中度误咽 ,6例重度误咽。拔管率 82 .95 %。 3、5、10年生存率分别为 86 .74 %、78.4 7%、5 3.33%。死亡的主要原因是局部复发和颈淋巴结转移 ,死亡 (包括失访 )的患者中 71.4 %死于 3年内。结论 :喉部分切除术和全喉切除术都是喉癌的根治性手术 ;正确掌握手术适应证是手术成败的关键 ;提高拔管率是提高患者生存质量的重要标志 ;合理地处理颈部淋巴结是提高 3、5年生存率的重要环节。     

喉部分切除术81例的疗效分析

目的探讨喉部分切除术的疗效及修复方法。方法回顾分析1980至1999年施行喉部分切除术81例的临床资料,其中声门上型喉癌22例、声门型喉癌59例。结果声门上型喉癌3、5年生存率分别为66.7%、63.2%,声门型喉癌3、5年生存率分别为87.2%、80.5%。拔管率声门上型喉癌为77.2%(17/22),声门型喉癌为93.2%(55/59)。结论喉部分切除术能保留大部分患者喉的呼吸及发声功能,是根治喉癌的有效术式。     

会厌在喉部分切除喉功能重建术中的应用

目的　探讨会厌在喉部分切除喉功能重建术中的应用价值。方法　 1 992年 1 2月～1 996年 1月 32例不同分期的声门型、声门上型喉癌行喉部分切除术 ,将残存会厌下移保留喉功能。结果　 2 1例声门型喉癌术后 1 9例拔除气管套管恢复喉的全部功能 ;1 1例声门上型喉癌 5例恢复喉全部功能 ,并于术后 1 4～ 1 8d恢复吞咽功能 ,无 1例出现误吸引起严重并发症。 3年生存率 87 5 %(2 8/ 32 ) ,5年生存率 5 8 3%(7/ 1 2 )。结论　喉部分切除喉功能重建术中会厌取材方便 ,无需重新进行皮肤切口 ;其喉面有完整粘膜 ,创面愈合时间短 ;喉结构重建扩大了喉的左右径 ,提高了术后拔管率同时防止误咽发生 ,对提高喉部分切除术患者术后生存质量有一定作用。     

晚期喉咽癌和喉癌全喉切除术后咽皮肤瘘

目的:探讨晚期喉咽癌和喉癌患者施行全喉切除术后咽皮肤瘘的位置、易患因素、处置及其结果.方法:回顾性分析因喉咽癌或喉癌施行全喉切除术的198例患者的资料,分析多因素对咽皮肤瘘形成的影响.结果:发生咽皮肤瘘患者33例(16.7%),内瘘口位于黏膜吻合口上段23例(69.7%),下段7例(21.2%),中段3例(9.1%);喉咽癌与喉癌的咽皮肤瘘发生率分别为24.7%和11.6%,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后持续发热>5 d与≤5 d者咽皮肤瘘的发生率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);28例通过保守治疗痊愈,5例手术修复.结论:全喉切除术后咽皮肤瘘内瘘口多发生于舌根处和气管造瘘后上方,肿瘤部位和术后发热是咽皮肤瘘形成的重要易患因素.     

喉癌甲状软骨边框式切除及喉功能修复重建术

目的探讨喉垂直部分切除术中甲状软骨边框式切除方式及喉腔修复方法治疗声门型喉癌的疗效。方法收集2002～2009年诊治的行甲状软骨边框式喉部分喉切除术患者19例,观察患者术后吞咽、进食、发音及拔管、复发及生存率。结果边框式切除术治疗声门癌患者误咽率31．6％（6／19）,拔管率68．4％（13／19）;但术后所有患者均可对话交流,存在不同程度声嘶;3、5年累积生存率分别为78．9％和63．2％。结论甲状软骨边框式切除术较完整地保留了喉腔结构及喉生理功能,较好地提高了患者的生存率及降低了术后复发率。     

喉环状软骨上部分切除术的临床应用

目的探讨喉环状软骨上部分切除术治疗喉癌的喉功能保留和治疗效果。方法对2003.6～2009.3行喉环状软骨上部分切除22例中晚期喉癌的临床资料进行详细分析,其中行环-舌骨-会厌固定术15例,环-舌骨固定术5例,气管-环-舌骨固定术2例。结果所有患者均在术后第10～21天(平均15天)拔除鼻饲管,恢复吞咽功能。术后的发音情况令人满意。术后20例患者拔除气管套管,拔管率90.9%;生存时间为3～72个月,中位数23个月,平均28.8个月;3年无瘤生存率94.74%,5年无瘤生存率81.20%。结论喉环状软骨上部分切除术是一种适合中晚期喉癌的手术方式,保留喉功能肯定。     

喉癌部分喉切除术

目的探讨喉癌部分喉切除术的方法.方法总结59例喉癌部分喉切除经验.其中喉裂开声带切除2例;垂直喉部分切除38例;水平喉部分切除10例;次全喉切除加同侧颈廓清术2例;水平喉部分切除加同侧颈廓清7例.结果本组病例的3年生存率为83.8%,5年生存率为68.2%;59例中56例顺利拔管;全部病人术后发音清晰,吞咽正常.结论声门癌与声门上癌(T1～T2)病人行部分喉切除是更佳选择.     

以耳部症状首发、合并鼻咽占位的肉芽肿性多血管炎1例并文献复习

目的 探讨1例临床少见的以耳部症状首发、合并鼻咽部占位的肉芽肿性多血管炎(GPA)的临床特征、实验室检查、病理表现及诊疗过程。方法 回顾性分析患者的病例资料,总结病例特点并回顾国内外GPA相关文献。结果 患者以中耳炎、迷路炎症状为首发表现,合并鼻咽部占位,病程中逐渐出现面瘫,三叉神经刺激症状加重。多次留取耳及鼻咽部活检示急慢性炎症细胞浸润。升级抗生素,同时为避免中耳炎侵犯岩骨及颅内行乳突开放术。中耳局部炎症改善后其耳痛、面瘫等仍不缓解,但激素治疗有效,遂进一步完善自免病相关检查并再次行鼻咽部活检,最终确诊为GPA,予激素及免疫抑制剂治疗得以控制症状。术后3个月暂无显著肺部及肾脏受累表现。结论 临床上发现不典型的中耳炎或常规治疗反复不愈,且逐渐进展出现内耳、颅神经侵犯表现如眩晕发作、面神经麻痹等,同时激素治疗有效,且合并鼻咽部占位、鼻窦炎影像学表现,或累及其他器官如肺、肾脏时,均应考虑到GPA的可能。当反复留取病理活检未能取得特异性确诊依据时,动态监测抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体、红细胞沉降率、尿潜血、胸部CT、血肌酐等也具有重要的提示意义。     

Decreased miRNA-320e correlates with allergy in children with otitis media with effusion

ObjectiveOtitis media with effusion (OME) is a common childhood disease and the main cause of conductive hearing loss in this age group. Many factors predispose to OME but allergy is still widely disputed. The answer may lay in the molecular mechanisms of ear exudate formation and the recent studies showed miRNAs might take part in it. MiRNAs are also potent regulators of allergic response. As miRNAs are present in the middle ear, we hypothesized their expression differs between allergic and non-allergic patients and reflects the difference in pathomechanism of effusion formation between these two groups.Materials and methodsThis study aimed to establish the expression of 5 different miRNAs (miR-223-3p, miR-451a, miR-16-5p, miR-320e, miR-25-3p) in ear exudates in children diagnosed with OME. The allergy group consisted of 18 patients whereas the non-allergic group had 36 patients. MicroRNA was isolated from the middle ear fluid collected during myringotomy and transcribed into cDNA. MiRNA expression was measured with TaqMan™ MicroRNA Assays and analyzed with DataAssist software. The comparative CT method was used for calculating the relative quantification of gene expression based on the endogenous control gene expression (U6 snRNA-001973).ResultsMiR-320e expression was significantly decreased in allergic children with OME. Other studied miRNAs also showed reduced expression in allergic children, but the decrease was not significant.ConclusionsMiRNA expression differs between children with and without allergy in the course of OME, but further studies are needed to explain the exact role of miR-320e and its target genes in OME pathology in allergic patients.     

Experience with vertical partial laryngectomy with special reference to laryngeal reconstruction with cervical fascia

In this paper we report our experience of vertical partial laryngectomy using the superficial cervical fascia; we describe the technique and present the functional and oncological results of this method of treatment. A total of 42 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the true vocal folds, in stage T(1) (n = 28) or T(2) (n = 14), were treated in our department using vertical partial laryngectomy during the decade 1987-1997. Nine patients had post-operative radiotherapy. The shortest follow-up time was three years. There were six recurrences in all, four in the larynx and two in the neck. All four of the laryngeal recurrences were treated with total laryngectomy and are doing well. Both the patients with neck metastases, who were treated with neck dissection, died. Permanent tracheotomy was necessary in one patient. There were no problems with aspiration. The recurrence rate was 14 per cent, the three-year survival index was 95.2 per cent and the three-year larynx preservation index was 90 per cent. According to our experience, vertical partial laryngectomy, using the method we describe, has a good functional and oncological result for stage T(1) and T(2) tumours.     

Cytokines in children with otitis media with effusion

We assayed 38 middle ear effusions from 23 children aged 4–13 years (mean 7) undergoing tympanostomy tube placements. All fluid was assayed for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-8, and IL-10. Cytokine concentrations were measured by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Detectable levels of IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 were found in all of the effusions. TNF-α was detected in 18 of the middle ear effusions (47.4%). The mean concentration of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 was, respectively, 0.423 ± 1.39, 30.58 ± 68.7, 7001.9 ± 6743, and 56 ± 58.7 pg/ml. There was a strong, statistically significant correlation between the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β (r = 0.87, P = 0.001) and between IL-1β and IL-8 (r = 0.53, P = 0.001). There was no correlation between the concentrations of IL-10 and other cytokines examined or between tympanic membrane pathology and the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, or IL-10. The presence of IL-10 in middle ear effusions may be one of the causes of a lack of clinical features of acute inflammation and may lead to a chronic inflammatory state. Received: 25 August 1999 / Accepted: 5 January 2000     

Polymyositis with dysphagia treated with endoscopic balloon dilatation

Polymyositis is characterized by non-specific inflammatory disease associated with an autoimmune disorder involving muscles of the limbs and neck. We report a case of an 80-year-old man who was referred to our clinic with a chief complaint of dysphagia and muscle weakness in all four limbs. The patient was diagnosed with polymyositis based on pathological findings, muscle weakness, electromyogram findings, and an elevated creatine phosphokinase level. The patient was also positive for HLA-DR3. Intravenous predonine administration was initiated, but dysphagia was not improved. We considered a cricopharyngeal myotomy, but this could not be performed because of heart failure. Endoscopic balloon dilation was performed and dysphagia improved on the same day. Therefore, we suggest that this method is a safe and effective approach for polymyositis with dysphagia.     

Hearing acuity of children with otitis media with effusion

Hearing levels are reported for a cohort of 222 infants (aged 7 to 24 months) and 540 older children (aged 2 to 12 years) with otitis media with effusion (OME). The infants had an average speech awareness threshold of 24.6 dB hearing level (HL). The older group had mean bone conduction thresholds less than 10 dB HL, and air conduction thresholds averaged 27 dB HL; however, acuity was 7 dB less impaired at 2,000 Hz. The mean three-frequency pure tone average and speech reception threshold were 24.5 and 22.7 dB, respectively. Hearing acuity was not significantly related to age or previous duration of OME. The otoscopic observation of an air-fluid level or bubbles was associated with less hearing impairment; however, a predictive relationship between hearing levels and tympanogram characteristics could not be demonstrated.