纳米铁纤维与羰基铁粉共混制备轻质宽带吸波涂层材料

为降低羰基铁粉吸波剂的密度、提高介电常数,采用轻质、高介电常数的纳米铁纤维与羰基铁粉共混,制备了轻质宽带吸波涂层.研究了纳米铁纤维含量对复合吸波剂微波电磁与吸收特性的影响.结果表明,随纳米铁纤维含量的提高,复合吸波剂的介电常数和磁导率增大.当复合吸波剂中纳米铁纤维含量(质量分数)为2.2%-4.4%时,吸波涂层有更低的面密度和更宽的有效带宽,这是由于在一定范围内提高介电常数,可以改善吸波涂层的匹配吸收特性.     

脲醛树脂包覆对片状羰基铁粉电磁吸波性能的影响

目的 提高片状羰基铁粉（FCI）的吸波性能。方法 采用原位聚合法制备脲醛树脂（UF）包覆片状羰基铁粉核壳复合粒子。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）分别对试验前后样品的微观形貌和物相组分进行表征。采用矢量网络分析仪对处理前后片状羰基铁粉在0.5～18 GHz频率范围内的电磁参数进行测试,基于传输线理论对其反射损耗曲线进行拟合分析。结果 微观形貌及X射线衍射谱结果表明,成功合成了脲醛树脂包覆片状羰基铁粉复合粒子（FCI@UF）。对测得的电磁参数进行分析,与原始片状羰基铁粉相比,包覆后铁粉介电常数和磁导率的实部、虚部均呈下降趋势,电磁波衰减能力减弱,与空气的阻抗匹配能力增强。反射损耗曲线图中,包覆后铁粉能有效吸收频带变宽（以反射损耗小于-10dB的带宽作为有效吸收频带）,由3.15 GHz变为4.38 GHz,在13.84 GHz时有最小反射损耗（-20.64 dB）,最小反射损耗向高频移动,最小值降低率达41.38%。结论 使用脲醛树脂对片状羰基铁粉进行包覆,制备了综合吸波性能更具优势的FCI@UF复合粒子,有效提高了片状羰基铁粉的吸波性能。     

海洋苛刻环境服役的CIPs/EP吸波防腐功能材料

目的 制备兼具吸波与耐腐蚀性能的复合材料。方法 使用KH560对羰基铁粉进行改性,在此基础上分别制备羰基铁粉体积分数为0%、15%、20%、25%的复合材料。通过红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和矢量网络分析仪（VNA）等测试技术对所制备复合材料的微观特征和电磁性能进行分析对比。研究不同羰基铁（CIP）的体积占比与复合材料电磁波吸收性能和防腐蚀性能之间的关系。结果 通过KH560改性后的羰基铁与环氧树脂混合均匀,形成了紧密的网络结构。羰基铁粉为片状,长度为3～10μm。当羰基铁粉的体积分数为20%时,样品的吸波性能和防腐性能较好,综合性能相对最佳。所制备的样品在较宽范围内均拥有良好的吸波性能,在厚度2 mm时反射损耗小于-10 dB的有效带宽达到了4.2 GHz,在8.5 GHz左右时达到了最小反射损耗值（-42.5 dB）。样品在酸和盐的环境下进行7 d加速腐蚀实验后吸波性能未明显降低,这显示了其良好的耐腐蚀特性。结论 将吸波性能优良的羰基铁粉与耐腐蚀性能优异的环氧树脂进行复合,通过调控片状羰基铁粉的体积占比提高了材料的磁导率和介电常数,实现了良...     

环氧基复合吸波涂层的制备与性能研究

目的 制备综合吸波性能良好的复合吸波涂层.方法 选择炭黑和羰基铁粉进行机械混合,作为吸波剂加入到环氧树脂中进行吸波材料制备,利用扫描电子显微镜对炭黑和羰基铁粉分别进行微观形貌的观察.利用矢量网络分析仪在2～18 GHz内测试其电磁性能,研究炭黑和羰基铁粉含量及涂层厚度对吸波性能的影响规律.结果 通过观察微观形貌发现,炭...     

基于双磁介质层复合的超材料低频吸波体研究

本研究将磁性吸波涂层融入至超材料的结构设计中,得到了一种新型低频复合超材料吸波体,吸波体由环形电阻膜、双层磁性吸波涂层和金属背板组成。采用CST仿真软件计算了超材料吸波体的吸收性能,研究了吸波体各个结构参数对吸收性能的影响。仿真结果表明,设计的超材料吸波体厚度为2.5 mm时,在1.9和4 GHz处存在2个吸收峰,在1.59～6.59GHz频率范围内反射损耗低于-8dB,吸收带宽达到5GHz。通过吸波体电磁场分布对吸波机理进行了讨论。结果表明,吸波体低频吸收带宽的增加是由于表面的电阻膜图案改变了超材料吸波体的电场分布和磁场分布,促进了磁介质层的损耗。最后制备了吸波体样品并进行了反射率测试,实物测试结果与仿真结果基本一致,说明设计制备的吸波体具有优异的低频吸波性能,吸波带宽相比磁性吸波涂层大幅提高。     

高性能雷达吸波涂层的制备及其损伤行为

以羰基铁粉为吸收剂、聚氨酯为胶黏剂,制备具有优异吸波性能的雷达吸波涂层,并基于矢量网络分析仪、电磁模拟软件Ansoft HFSS以及弓形框测试系统,对涂层电磁特性、损伤模型以及吸波性能进行研究。结果表明:雷达吸波涂层在垂直入射条件下具有优异的吸波性能,当涂层厚度为0.8 mm时,其反射损耗峰在7.2~12.8 GHz均达到?8 dB;在斜入射条件下也具有优异的吸波性能,当涂层厚度为0.8 mm、入射角为60°时,其反射损耗峰在5.5~18 GHz均达到?10 dB。相比于失效模式如雷达吸波涂层分层脱粘,损伤脱落对其吸波性能的影响更为明显。随着损伤脱落面积的增加,雷达吸波涂层的吸收强度（尤其是X波段）明显降低,且最小反射损耗峰往高频移动。通过对高性能雷达吸波涂层的脱落、分层等损伤行为的研究,为后续进行雷达吸波涂层维护与建立失效性评估标准具有极大的现实和军事意义。     

S波段高损耗吸波材料的制备与研究

采用高能球磨羰基铁粉添加偶联剂KH-560制备低频雷达波吸波材料,研究了不同球磨时间下获得的样品电磁参量变化规律,根据传输线理论模拟计算出吸波材料的反射损耗。结果表明:随球磨时间的增加,最大吸收峰向低频转移。球磨8 h后得到的吸波材料在膜厚为2.5 mm时,在2.3~3.0 GHz的S波段范围内,反射损耗RL-15 dB;而在2.7 1GHz处反射损耗RL最低可达-34 dB。     

碳纤维／羰基铁粉吸波涂层

北京工业大学材料学院采用化学镀的方法在碳纤维表面镀覆了一层金属镍，将镀镍后的碳纤维与羰基铁粉混合制备吸波涂层。并对吸波涂层吸波性能进行测试。实验所用碳纤维是低温处理的聚丙烯腈基短切碳纤维，含碳量大于96％，平均直径为7μm，截面形状为近似圆形。长度为3mm，密度为1．74g／cm^3。短切碳纤维的所用羰基铁粉粉体Fe的含量≥97％，其平均粒度为4．5μm，粒径范围为1．5～7．0μm，分布不均匀，有效磁导率(μ)≥2．85。     

316不锈钢藕状多孔结构的选区激光烧结制备

研究了一种新型的制备金属藕状多孔结构技术——选区激光烧结，着重说明该技术的基本原理和工艺过程，并利用此制备技术成功获得了藕状多孔试样。利用SEM分析了316不锈钢藕状多孔试样的微观孔隙特征，并测定其孔隙率，结果表明其孔径大小分布均匀（2-4μm），平均孔隙率约为60％，孔隙贯通性良好；初步探讨了选区激光烧结制备316不锈钢藕状多孔结构的成形机制。     

不同形貌羰基铁的复合对电磁特性及吸波性能的影响

目的增强羰基铁的低频吸波性能,掌握吸收峰频率的调控方法。方法将球形羰基铁与片状羰基铁混合,制作复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜对两种羰基铁的微观形貌进行分析。通过矢量网络分析仪测量5种质量配比下(3∶1、2∶1、1∶1、1∶2、1∶3)羰基铁复合材料的复介电常数和复磁导率,分析不同形貌羰基铁的复合对电磁特性的影响。同时分析不同配比羰基铁复合材料的吸波性能。结果随着球形羰基铁加入比例的提高,复合材料的复介电常数实部和虚部均逐步下降。羰基铁复合材料的复磁导率实部整体变化不大,虚部呈下降趋势。当片状羰基铁和球形羰基铁质量比为1∶2时,在3.08 GHz处最大吸波性能为20.2 dB,有效吸波带宽(反射率损耗不大于8 dB)为2.43 GHz。结论球形羰基铁的加入可以有效调控复合材料的吸收峰在低频范围内定向移动,增强1~4 GHz范围内的低频吸波强度,扩宽有效吸波带宽。球形羰基铁的加入,降低了片状羰基铁的介电常数,复合材料的电磁阻抗匹配条件得到优化,电磁损耗耦合效应增强,从而提升了该复合材料的吸波性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.