基于变差函数和局部方差图的煤岩图像纹理特征提取

针对现有煤岩纹理特征提取采用局部二值模式算法存在分类准确率欠佳、算法运行效率较低及旋转纹理识别鲁棒性较差等缺陷,提出了一种基于变差函数和局部方差图的煤岩纹理特征提取算法。该算法首先在局部二值模式理论框架中逐像素计算局部方差得到局部方差图,然后在局部方差图中利用变差函数计算不同方向的变差函数向量,最后组合变差函数向量作为纹理特征,将所提取特征与局部二值模式特征融合完成煤岩纹理分类与识别。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地提取局部方差的空间分布信息,实现对局部二值模式丢失信息的再利用,分类结果优于多种经典的局部二值模式纹理特征提取算法,分类准确率达到86%。     

基于不同特征的随机森林极化SAR图像分类

近些年,利用计算机对极化SAR图像进行分类逐渐成为遥感领域的一个研究热点.本文采用全极化SAR数据,利用不同的特征提取算法提取特征,并基于随机森林模型最终实现对江苏沿海滩涂的分类.首先采用H/α和Freeman两种分解算法提取极化特征参数,采用灰度共生矩阵提取纹理特征参数;然后将提取的所有特征进行不同的组合,构成不同的特征集;最后采用随机森林模型对不同特征集合进行分类和精度评估.结果表明仅用纹理特征对沿海滩涂进行分类时效果较差;利用极化分解提取出的散射特征进行分类的结果要优于矩阵元素特征的分类结果;综合了极化散射特征和纹理特征的组合方式在沿海滩涂的分类中可以取得最优的分类结果,总体精度和Kappa系数可以达到94.44%和0.9305,表明极化SAR图像中蕴含的不同方面的特征在分类中具有一定的互补性.     

基于多纹理特征融合的震后SAR图像倒塌建筑物信息提取

合成孔径雷达（SAR）凭借其全天候观测能力以及SAR图像中丰富的纹理信息,在震后建筑物倒塌评估中发挥了重要作用。针对SAR图像中倒塌建筑物纹理特征多样但利用率较低,且特征信息冗余的问题,提出一种基于主成分分析的SAR图像多纹理特征分类方法。该方法基于灰度直方图、灰度共生矩阵、局部二值模式、Gabor滤波器提取了26种纹理特征信息,构建主成分变量进行多维特征优选与降维融合,通过随机森林分类算法提取建筑物的倒塌信息。以2016年日本熊本地震为例验证了该方法的有效性,结果显示其提取精度高达79.85%,倒塌建筑物的识别效率有所提高,分类结果优于单种纹理特征提取方法及多种纹理特征组合提取法,可用于震后建筑物震害信息的快速提取。     

一种高分辨率遥感影像道路提取方法

针对空间异质性导致的道路几何纹理特征突出性下降问题, 提出一种高分辨率遥感影像道路提取方法. 首先设定跟踪模型, 依据人工输入点, 自适应提取道路中心点和道路宽度, 设计迭代内插、双向迭代两种跟踪方式以及矩形跟踪模板; 然后提出多描述子道路匹配模型, 针对道路几何纹理特征突出性不足问题, 基于道路区域地物边缘与道路方向一致的语义关系, 通过线段峰值约束的思想, 提出一种多尺度线段方向直方图(Multi-scale line segment orientation histogram, MSLSOH)描述子, 以此对跟踪方向进行预测; 针对道路几何纹理特征均质性下降问题, 从道路区域与道路非道路混合区域纹理差异性出发, 组合三角形构成扇形描述子, 突出道路影像纹理特征, 以此不仅可对预测跟踪点进行验证, 而且也可在结构信息缺失的情况下对道路进行跟踪; 最后选取不同类型、不同分辨率、不同场景的高分辨率遥感影像, 通过与其他方法的实验对比, 表明该方法能够解决道路提取过程中几何纹理特征突出性下降问题, 具有准确率高和自动化程度高的优势.     

基于SVM的室外场景图像的景物识别

关于图像识别优化问题,针对在图像的处理中颜色、纹理等单一特征不能全面描述图像的问题,为了精确识别目标图像,提出一种颜色特征和纹理特征相结合的方法.采用基于RGB空间的颜色直方图和基于多通道Gabor滤波器分别对颜色特征和纹理特征进行提取,并对颜色与纹理特征进行外部归一化得到组合特征,并应用支持向量机法(SVM)对组合特征样本训练分类.实验结果表明,改进方法可以克服用单一特征分析图像的片面性,同时提取了理想的图像结构和光谱特性,可以在图像目标的识别和分类中取得较好的效果.     

基于纹理图像分析的生物视觉模型不变性评价

基于纹理图像,从计算机视觉角度对生物视觉模型——视皮层目标识别的标准模型进行定量分析与评价。对原始图像分别进行尺度、旋转及仿射等变化,利用标准模型提取变化后图像的生物视觉特征,再根据提取的生物视觉特征对纹理图像进行分类,采用图像分类结果的曲线下面积来定量分析和评价生物视觉模型是否具有不变性。大量与局部二元模式特征的对比实验表明,该模型提取的生物视觉特征对于纹理图像具备优良的尺度、旋转与仿射不变性。     

基于改进决策树分类算法的遥感影像分类研究

针对现有分类器对遥感影像分类结果存不准确的问题,本文提出了一种基于决策树分类器的遥感影像分类方法,该方法以复合决策树Boost Tree思想为基础,首先利用分形理论中的毯模型提取遥感影像的纹理特征,根据遥感影像分类的特点,构造新的单棵决策树生成算法对遥感影像进行分类。以北京市五环内区域为研究区,使用landsat7 ETM数据源,实现了基于分形纹理特征、光谱特征的改进决策树分类。实验结果表明：通过毯模型提取的纹理特征可以很好地表达表面特征,辅以该纹理信息的改进决策树分类精度相比于只用光谱信息进行分类的精度有一定的提高,改善了分类效果。     

基于小波卷积网络的高光谱图像分类

高光谱图像波段多、波段之间关联性强, 但其空间纹理和几何信息的表达较弱, 传统分类模型存在空间光谱特征提取不充分、计算量大的问题, 分类性能有待提高. 针对此问题, 提出一种基于小波变换的多尺度多分辨率注意力特征融合卷积网络 (wavelet transform convolutional attention network, WTCAN), 采用小波变换思想对光谱波段进行4次分解, 通过层次性提取光谱特征可减少计算量. 该网络设计了空间信息提取模块, 同时引入金字塔注意力机制, 通过设计逆向跳跃连接网络结构利用多尺度获取空间位置特征, 增强空间纹理表达能力, 可以有效改进传统2D-CNN特征提取尺度单一、忽略空间纹理细节等缺陷. 本文对所提出的WTCAN模型分别在不同空间分辨率高光谱数据集Indian Pines (IP)、WHU_Hi_HanChuan (HanChuan)、WHU_Hi_HongHu (HongHu)进行实验, 通过对比SVM、2D-CNN、DBMA、DBDA、HybridSN模型效果, WTCAN模型取得较好的分类效果, 3个数据集的分类总体精度分别达到了98.41%、99.64%、99.67%, 可为高光谱图像的分类研究提供参考依据.     

瓷砖图像的纹理特征分类研究

在已有的瓷砖图像分类系统中,仅靠颜色特征和简单的纹理边缘信息只能对无花纹的单色砖或简单花纹的瓷砖进行有效分类,对复杂图案的瓷砖存在识别率低的问题。针对此种情况,结合瓷砖图像的灰度共生矩阵和统计几何特征,将这些特征输入支持向量机进行特征分层分类。采用基于径向基核函数和[K]交叉验证法所得到的最优参数构造支持向量机,解决瓷砖纹理特征具有非线性的分类问题。用瓷砖生产线上采集的大量图像进行实验表明,该方法准确率高,分类效果好。     

基于TFBP网络的人脸皮肤纹理识别方法

为了可观地评价皮肤的质地,采用图像纹理分析中的空间灰度共生矩阵法提取皮肤纹理图像的重要特征,建立一种新的人脸皮肤纹理的测量识别模型.首先对采集到图像进行预处理,然后采用空间灰度共生矩阵法提取纹理图像的5个特征,最后通过TFBP网络对皮肤纹理图像的训练与分类识别实验结果很好的证明了这种纹理分析与测量方法的有效性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.