阿尔金断裂带东端断裂展布型式的研究

利用高精度的ETM卫星图像,从宏观和露头尺度对阿尔金断裂带过祁连山后的酒西盆地-宽滩山地区的断裂展布形式和特征进行了详细的地质解译和实地考察,发现除主干断层以外还有4条具有一定规模的均具左旋位错特征的分支断层,且呈"树枝状"展布。通过研究得出,阿尔金断裂带以"树枝状"的型式消失在酒西盆地和花海盆地内。     

阿尔金断裂东端酒西盆地古近系物源分析及意义

探讨酒西盆地古近纪沉积与阿尔金左行走滑断裂的关系。通过对酒西盆地西部红柳峡剖面古近系火烧沟组、白杨河组进行系统的沉积学和年代学分析表明:火烧沟组的砾石成分主要以中-低级变质岩和沉积岩为主,到了白杨河组则转变为以岩浆岩为主;古水流方向主体来自西部-西北部;室内砂岩碎屑鉴定结果显示古近系砂岩的碎屑成分全部落入再旋回造山带物源区;碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄测定结果表现出新元古代和中元古代2个主要的年龄峰值。综合对比酒西盆地周缘的物源区,初步认为阿尔金地体为火烧沟组和白杨河组主要的物源供给区。结合前人对阿尔金左行走滑断裂的研究,表明自渐新世以后阿尔金地体才离开酒西盆地,进一步确定阿尔金断裂带最大左行走滑量450km。     

沉积盆地隐性断裂带特征及其地质意义

隐性断裂带是区域或局部应力场或基底断裂活动影响下在沉积盆地盖层中产生的断裂趋势带,由于特征不明显、隐蔽性强、识别困难常常被忽略。对国内外多个沉积盆地盖层断裂系统的特征进行研究。研究结果表明:隐性断裂带是沉积盆地盖层常见的一种构造现象并且具有多种表现形式。依据组成成分分为4种类型:疏密相间,走向一致、长短不一的小断层形成的雁列构造型隐性断裂带;多个凹陷线状排列、首尾相连、侧列式展布形成的凹陷侧列型隐性断裂带;雁列式展布的多条断裂,其间由小断层或局部构造断续相连形成的断续断层型隐性断裂带;复杂构造型隐性断裂带。盆地盖层中的这些隐性断裂带没有明显的控制性主断裂存在,但依据小型断层、褶皱、凹陷、油藏等的规律性分布可以初步识别隐性断裂带的存在,结合重磁资料、地震资料以及地质和钻井资料,就可确定和预测隐性断裂带发育区。隐性断裂带具有多方面的地质意义,可以作为调节构造带调节盆地不均匀伸展活动,并分隔凹陷、隆起等构造单元,影响盆地构造格局;可以控制盆地沉积相带发育分布,影响断陷湖盆砂体的展布范围;隐性断裂带上常常形成串珠状、带状、环状油气富集带;长期活动的隐性断裂带其交汇处既是地震易发区,也是油气等矿产最易聚集区。     

柴达木盆地阿尔金山前带油气勘探方向研究--来自洛杉矶盆地油气勘探实践的启发

柴达木盆地与洛杉矶盆地在构造特征和演化主控因素等方面具有很大的相似性,其中阿尔金断裂带和圣莫尼卡断裂带构造活动特征非常相似,两者山前地区的构造背景也具有可比性.洛杉矶盆地的勘探实践说明断层下盘圈闭有时也能含有很可观的储量.通过对比分析两者之间的相似性,认为柴达木盆地阿尔金山前带构造深部发育的逆冲断裂下盘也应该具有形成油气圈闭的条件.评价和预测此类圈闭的最关键因素是进行走向闭合分析和断层封闭性的评价.     

柴达木盆地断裂特征研究

阿尔金断裂带、昆北断裂带和北缘断裂带控制了柴达木盆地的形成与演化过程.盆地内部还发育了大量性质各异的断裂,主要呈NW,NE和NNW向展布.断裂在剖面上的组合样式主要有5种,即逆冲叠瓦型、对冲型、背冲型、花状和伸展断裂组合.平衡剖面复原结果表明,断裂的形成演化主要有3类模式,一类是在渐新世就已发育完全而定型,一类是在中新世—第四纪期间发育形成,还有一类是在盆地形成演化过程中一直都是活动的长期发育的断裂.     

转换断层及其地质意义——以阿尔金转换断层为例

转换断层按其“平移”段运动方向分为左旋与右旋 ;按其“平移”段两终端与之高角度相交的构造性质组合进一步分为伸展正断“调节”型转换断层、挤压褶皱 -冲断“调节”型转换断层及复合型转换断层。新生代以来 ,阿尔金断裂是“调节”青藏高原北缘西昆仑、祁连造山带挤压变形的构造 ,为新生代左旋挤压型转换断层。     

郯庐断裂(K2-E)的伸展活动及其对合肥盆地的控制

郯庐断裂带于晚白垩世 -老第三纪 (K2 -E)时期卷入了广泛的伸展活动 ,其伸展结果是沿着早期先存的走滑断裂产生了伸展正断层 ,构成了合肥盆地的东缘断陷边界。在断裂的西侧控制了合肥盆地上白垩统 -下第三系的同沉积可容空间 ,而断裂东侧张八岭隆起进一步抬升 ,由此形成合肥盆地充填的物源系统。与此同时 ,盆地内先存近东西向逆断层也相应产生了伸展活动 ,并控制了盆内近东西向的沉积。在伸展断陷盆地内均有明显的沉积响应。文章从合肥盆地 K2 -E的沉积响应特征探讨郯庐断裂带伸展期对合肥盆地的控制机理 ,提出了该阶段盆地的沉积可容空间受双向伸展断裂的控制模式     

青东凹陷北西向断层成因分析

青东凹陷是渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷东侧的新生代盆地,其东界为郯庐断裂。该凹陷古近纪期间为断陷盆地,新近纪至第四纪期间为坳陷盆地。其中发育了近东西向、北西向与北北东向断裂体系。前者为新生的正断层,后两者为复活的基底断层。古近纪期间青东凹陷处于南北向拉张的区域应力状态,北西向基底断层复活中处于斜向拉伸,从而呈现为左行平移正断层。这类基底断层在古近纪早阶段(孔店至沙四下期)活动强,控制了凹陷内北西向展布的沉积格局。古近纪晚阶段(沙四上期以后的古近纪)近东西向新生正断层活动占主导地位,主要形成了近东西向展布的沉积格局。北西向基底断层复活中出现了直接活动、新生雁列断层、直接活动并扩展成东西向正断层3类活动方向。北西西向基底断层多呈现为直接活动,而北西向大型基底断层表现为新生雁列断层,反映了基底断层方位对其复活方式的影响。     

南雄断裂带显微构造特征研究

南雄断裂带是一条大型的拉伸剥离断层,分布在诸广山岩体与南雄盆地的接触带上。南雄断裂带既是一条控矿构造,也是一条成矿构造。为了限定南雄断裂带糜棱岩的成因,在查明糜棱岩带的空间展布规律的基础上,采用显微镜下鉴定糜棱岩的岩石类型、组构特征、剪切指向的方法,对南雄断裂带的糜棱岩样品进行了研究。结果表明该区经历了多期次、脆—韧性断裂的地壳活动;该区岩石大多为花岗质糜棱岩,主要矿物组成为石英、长石和云母,还存在着退变质活动。     

郯庐断裂带南段及邻区中、新生代盆地的反转机制

郯庐断裂带南段及邻区中、新生代盆地的反转构造主要包括盆地边缘的逆掩断层、盆地旁侧的碎裂岩带、盆地内部的楔形冲断体以及地层褶皱和底部砾岩被掩盖。靠近郯庐断裂带西侧的反转构造 ,主要受郯庐断裂带的控制 ,多为在该断裂基础上发育的斜向逆冲断层。郯庐断裂带东侧盆地 ,以 NE向线状排列为主要特征 ,它们斜交郯庐中断裂带。这些盆地的北缘被由 N→ S逆掩的隆升地块所掩盖。研究区盆地反转构造开始于老第三纪的早期 ,中、晚期为反转构造活动的强盛时期。太平洋板块相对于欧亚大陆的俯冲 ,使得大型的晚白垩世盆地解体 ,形成线状楔形冲断块和线形盆地相间排列的构造结局。同时 ,第三系在其山前堆积而成。     

Determination of the Altyn Tagh strike-slip fault basin and its relationship with mountains

A special extended basin topography is developed in the middle segment of the Altyn Tagh Fault Zone. The ratio of its length to width is over 50. The long boundaries at the two sides of the basin are controlled by the straight normal faults with strike-slip component. Within the basin, the Cenozoic strata are spread. The Altyn Tagh main fault goes through the basin, and a series of strike-slip topography was formed within the basin. The reverse thrust structures were formed at the two sides of the center of the basin, thus making the geological bodies composed of old metamorphic rocks at the two sides of the basin extrude vertically，and forming the extended massif (mountain) at the sides of the basin and parallel to the basin. This special topography was called the strike-slip fault basin. The giant extended strike-slip fault basin began to form during Pliocene, and its topography was basically formed during the late Pleistocene. It is the special topography formed during the strike-slip deformation process of the Altyn Tagh Fault Zone and under both transpression and uplifting.     

阿克塞盆地和肃北盆地中新世沉积特征及其与阿尔金断裂关系的研究

阿克塞盆地和肃北盆地分列于阿尔金断裂两侧,形成于中新世,有人认为它们曾是统一的盆地,在中新世末期由于阿尔金断裂的活动而被分割。然而砂岩成分分析表明,这两个盆地具有不同的物源特征：阿克塞盆地主要以石英和岩屑为主,含有大量的变质岩岩屑;肃北盆地主要以石英和长石为主,含有大量的岩浆岩岩屑。这两个盆地也具有不同的重矿物组合,与阿克塞盆地相比,肃北盆地含有较多的不稳定矿物（绿帘石和角闪石）。两个盆地的形成及演化均受控于阿尔金断裂,但它们最初并非为统一的盆地。推断阿尔金断裂在渐新世开始走滑,并造成阿尔金山隆升,控制阿克塞盆地的沉积;阿尔金断裂的走滑运动造成党河南山抬升,形成了肃北盆地。     

Discovery of ultrahighpressure magnesite-bearing garnet lherzolite (>3.8 GPa) in the Altyn Tagh,Northwest China

Magnesite-bearing garnet lherzolite from the Altyn Tagh, associated with garnet pyroxenite, and garnet-bearing felsic gneiss, crops out as lenses in Proterozoic gneiss about 100 km east of the Jianggelasayi River. The garnet lherzolite, together with the eclogite in western Jianggelasayi, composes a high-pressure to ultrahigh- pressure metamorphic belt in the southern margin of the Altyn Tagh. Parageneses of minerals from magnesite-bearing garnet lherzolite indicate that the rock evolved a multi-stage metamorphism. The peak-stage metamorphism produces an assemblage of Grt+Ol+Opx+Cpx±Mgs, in which Al₂O₃ content of Opx is very low (0.30 — 0.66wt%). The calculated P-T condition of the peak stage is 3.8—5.1GPa and 880—970℃, some exsolution rods of clinopyroxene and rutile occur in the Grt and magnesite is rimed by dolomite and orthopyroxene, all implying that the peak stage was a UHP metamorphic process. Together with regional geological studies, isotopic dating and the discovery of coesite inclusions in zircon separates from felsic gneiss from the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin, the presence of a very long UHP metamorphic belt in northwest China is suggested.     

Geodetic evidence for a low slip rate in the Altyn Tagh fault system

The collision between India and Asia has been simulated with a variety of computational models that describe or predict the motions of the main faults of east Asia. Geological slip-rate estimates of 20-30 mm yr(-1) suggest that the largest of these faults, the 2,000-km-long Altyn Tagh fault system on the northern edge of the Tibetan plateau, absorbs as much of the Indo-Asian convergence signal as do the Himalayas--partly by oblique slip and partly by contraction and mountain growth. However, the predictions of dynamic models for Asian deformation and the lower bounds of some geological slip-rates estimates (3-9 mm yr(-1); refs 7, 8) suggest that the Altyn Tagh system is less active. Here, we report geodetic data from 89-91 degrees E that indicate left-lateral shear of 9 +/- 5 mm yr(-1) and contraction of 3 +/- 1 mm yr(-1) across the Altyn Tagh system. This result--combined with our finding that, at 90 degrees E, Tibet contracts north-south at 9 +/- 1 mm yr(-1)--supports the predictions of dynamic models of Asian deformation.     

阿尔金山南缘吐拉盆地侏罗系砂岩成岩作用研究

在大量岩石学和铸体薄片研究的基础上,运用X-衍射等分析手段,对吐拉盆地嘎斯煤矿附近侏罗系地层中砂岩的成岩作用、孔隙演化及成岩阶段等特征作了详细研究,认为孔隙的发育既受沉积条件控制,又受埋藏成岩作用的影响。机械压实作用是导致砂岩孔隙结构变差的主要因素;早期碳酸盐胶结作用弱,使得后期的溶解改造作用也较弱;造成了砂岩的有效储集空间较差的结果。构造作用使得岩石中裂隙发育,提高了岩石孔渗性,极大地改善了岩石的储集性能,形成了较好的储层。     

甘肃金塔南山构造变形及其地质意义

金塔南山构造带是通过多期的左行平移—冲断作用把不同时代、不同性质、形成于不同构造环境的岩石单元会聚而成的构造堆叠体 .研究结果表明金塔南山构造带 (断裂系统 )是在新元古代中期—早古生代早期古洋盆发生汇聚碰撞的基础上形成的 ,早古生代以来的构造变形 (平移—冲断作用 )及其形成过程应与阿尔金走滑断裂系统的动力学过程息息相关 .这对于理解华北板块与塔里木板块古陆缘的地球动力学具有十分重要的地质意义     

SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages for the UHP metamorphosed granitoid gneiss in Altyn Tagh and their geological significance

Different types of UHP metamorphic rocks havebeen recently discovered in the Altyn Tagh[1—4], the north-ern margin of Qadam Basin[5—7], the southwestern Tian-shan Mountains[8,9] and the northern Qinling Moun-tains[10,11] in Central and Western China. And these areashave attracted focus attention of geologists at home andabroad to the studying of UHP metamorphism and conti-nental deep subduction. However, as newly discoveredUHP metamorphic terranes, some questions have beenarisen abou…     

Active deformation of Chinese Mainland from GPS measurement and numerical simulation

Using discontinue deformation analysis(DDA) method we analyzed the characters of the crustal deformation of Chinese mainland in this study form the velocity field revealed by 308 GPS stations. The result shows that the current N-S compression rate and W-E extension rate of the south Tibetan plateau are 1.40 × 10-8/a and 1.81 × 10-8/a, and that of Tiansan block are 2.59× 10-8/a and 0.62× 10-8/a. The Altyn Tagh is a left-lateral strike slip fault with a current slip rate of 8-12 mm/a, and the clockwise rotating rate of Tarim and Gansun-Qinghai block are -8.7 and -8.1 nrad/a, respectively, with respect to the Eurasia plate. According to the boundary condition of Chinese mainland respect to the Eurasia obtained from the DDA model, a two-dimension discontinuous finite element method(DFEM) model was built. Using this model, we evaluated the relationships between the slipping of Altyn Tagh and the crustal deformation and dynamics of Chinese mainland, and found that the slip of Altyn Tagh has influence on compression of Tibetan plateau, rotating of Tarim basin and Gansun-Qinghai block, the region absorbing the energy generated by the collision of Indio Plate and Eurasia plate, the ability and method of energy transferring toward east and the deformation of both Ordos block and North-China block. Further more, the slip of Altyn-Qiliansan Tagh strongly effects the stress field in most part of north-south seismic belt. The crustal deformation and tectonic activities of Chinese mainland west is mainly caused by the block boundary stress generated by the movement of India Plate, and it also influences some area of the east mainland through slipping along Altyn-Qiliansan Tagh. In some Part of east China and south east of China, the small-scale mantle convection and the effect of denudating can not be ignored.