GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A BIODEGRADED CRUDE OIL, ASSRAN FIELD, CENTRAL GULF OF SUEZ

A crude oil sample from the Assran field in the Central Gulf of Suez (Egypt) was analysed geochemically and characterized in terms of a variety of source and maturity dependent biomarkers. Biodegradation was indicated by increasing concentration ratios of Pr/n-C₁₇ and Ph/n-C₁₈. However, biodegradation was only slight as GC-MS analyses of the saturate and aromatic fractions showed that hopanes, steranes, aromatic steroids and polycyclic aromatic compounds including sulphur heterocycles remained intact. The sterane and hopane distributions showed a predominance of C₂₇ steranes, a low diasterane index, an abundance of gammacerane, a high homohopane index and an oleanane index < 0.2. The results indicate that the Assran-10 crude oil was derived from a marine carbonate source deposited in a highly reducing saline environment with a high bacterial contribution, consistent with the Upper Cretaceous Brown Limestone or Lower Eocene Thebes Formation containing Type IIS kerogen. Maturity parameters based on changes in the stereochemistry at chirality centres in hopane and sterane nuclei, such as C₃₀βα/(βα+αβ) and C₃₁ 22S/(22S+22R) hopanes and C₂₉ββ/(ββ+αα) and C₂₉ 20S/(20S+20R) steranes, together with triaromatic sterane cracking ratios, indicate that the oil sample was marginally mature. The results also suggest that biodegradation is probably due to sulphate-reducing anaerobic bacteria.     

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THERMAL MATURITY OF OILS FROM THE THRACE BASIN (WESTERN TURKEY) AND WESTERN TURKMENISTAN

Crude oils in the Thrace Basin (western Turkey) and western Turkmenistan are believed to have been generated by a common Oligocene siliciclastic source rock. This widespread source rock extends over the area between western Turkey and the eastern South Caspian Basin. Oils from three Eocene reservoirs in the Thrace Basin and from four Pliocene reservoirs onshore western Turkmenistan were analyzed to investigate and compare their source-rock characteristics. In order to understand controls on the timing of hydrocarbon generation and source-rock maturation in both basins, the results of quantitative basin modelling were compared with those of geochemical analyses.
The results indicate that all the oil samples exhibit similar geochemical characteristics, such as IP13-IP20 acyclic isoprenoid, terpane, regular sterane, methylsterane, and dinosterane profiles. The low tricyclic/pentacyclic terpane ratios, low C₂₉ norhopane/C₃₀ hopane ratios and low diasterane/regular sterane ratios, and the presence of 18α (H)³⁰ oleanane and gammacerane further support a common source or source facies. Based on these observations, it is concluded that shallow-marine clastics of Oligocene age constitute source rocks in both basins.
The oils are of low maturity (Req(%) < 0.60), as indicated by their low ethylcholestane 20S/20S+20R, 17α (H), 21β (H)-bishomohopane 22S/22S+ 22R, and high 17β (H), 21α (H) moretane/17β (H), 21α (H) hopane ratios. However, oils from west Turkmenistan appear to be more mature than those from the Thrace Basin. This is consistent with their earlier generation, which resultedfrom the higher sedimentation rate and higher heating rate. Present-day reservoir depths and temperatures appear to play only a minor role in determining the oils' maturities.     

酒西坳陷原油地球化学特征与成熟度分类

酒西坳陷属于典型的勘探程度非常高的含油气坳陷,目前已发现的原油主要分布于青西凹陷和鸭儿峡-老君庙-石油沟构造带。这些原油绝大多数为正常密度和黏度的中-高蜡原油,只有少量为中-高蜡稠油,具有典型湖相原油的地球化学特征,全油碳同位素δ¹³C值为-32 ‰~-30 ‰,生物标志物组成总体相似,但分布特征存在一定差异,可以分为3类不同类型或成熟度原油。第1类为低成熟原油,甾烷以规则甾烷为主,没有重排甾烷;规则甾烷以ααα-20R甾烷为主,C₂₇、C₂₈、C₂₉甾烷呈不对称V型分布,C₂₉甾烷20S/（20S+20R）和ββ/（αα+ββ）值一般小于0.4;萜烷以五环萜烷为主,Ts、C₂₉Ts和C₃₀重排藿烷低,伽马蜡烷较高。第2类为中等成熟原油,Pr/Ph值一般小于1.0;甾烷也是以规则甾烷为主,没有重排甾烷,但ααα-20S和αββ甾烷明显高于第1类原油,C₂₉甾烷20S/（20S+20R）和ββ/（αα+ββ）值一般为0.40~0.55,C₂₇、C₂₈、C₂₉ ααα-20R甾烷呈不对称V型分布,C₂₇/C₂₉比值一般大于0.6;萜烷分布特征与第1类原油类似,Ts/Tm一般小于0.5;甾烷/萜烷比值基本大于1.0。第3类为高成熟原油,Pr/Ph值一般大于1.0;甾烷以规则甾烷为主,但重排甾烷明显且含量变化大,αββ甾烷明显高于ααα甾烷,C₂₉甾烷20S/（20S+20R）和ββ/（αα+ββ）值分别大于0.5和0.6,C₂₉甾烷含量明显高于C₂₇甾烷,C₂₇/C₂₉比值一般小于0.6;萜烷分布特征与前两类原油相似,但Ts、C₂₉Ts和C₃₀重排藿烷相对较高,Ts/Tm一般大于0.5,伽马蜡烷含量变化较大;甾烷/萜烷比值基本上小于1.0。     

SOURCE ROCK CHARACTERIZATION BASED ON BIOLOGICAL MARKER DISTRIBUTIONS OF CRUDE OILS IN THE SOUTHERN GULF OF SUEZ, EGYPT

The depositional environment and maturity of source rocks in the southern Gulf of Suez were evaluated using biomarker and isotope data from crude oils derived from a variety of source rock types of different geological ages. Two oils families were identified and are referred to as types A and B. Type A oils are characterized by a predominance of oleanane and relatively low gammacerane concentrations, suggesting that they were derived from a terrigenous source rock with a significant input of angiosperm material inferred to occur within the marginally-mature syn-rift Lower Miocene Rudeis Shale. By contrast, type B oils are distinguished by a predominance of gammacerane and relatively low oleanane concentrations, suggesting that they were generated from mature marine carbonate source rocks inferred to occur within the Upper Cretaceous Brown Limestone and Middle Eocene Thebes Formation. Maturity parameters including the sterane isomerisation ratios C ₂₉αββ/(αββ+ααα), C₂₉ααα20S/(S+R) and TAS/(TAS+MAS), together with aromatic sulphur compound ratios (4-MDBT / I-MDBT; 4,6- / 1,4-DMDBT; 2,4–/ 1,4-DMDBT; and DBT / phenanthrenes), support the higher thermal maturity of type B oils relative to type A oils.
The biomarker variablility reflects the occurrence of two distinct source rocks in the southern Gulf of Suez and suggests that two independent petroleum systems are present here. These appear to be confined to the pre-rift (pre-Miocene) and syn-rift megasequences respectively.     

HYDROCARBON SEEPAGE GENERATION AND MIGRATION IN THE SOUTHERN GULF OF SUEZ, EGYPT: INSIGHTS FROM BIOMARKER CHARACTERISTICS AND SOURCE ROCK MODELLING

Active oil seepages in the Gebel El-Zeit area (southern Gulf of Suez, Egypt) occur in fault zones on the western flank of the East Zeit Basin. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry indicates that these oils are rich in tricyclic terpanes and extended hopanes with few diasteranes. These characteristics are typical of oils derived from marine siliciclastic source rocks; an input of terrestrial angiosperms material is indicated by the very high oleanane index of 32.65% and the low gammacerane index of 6.28%. The molecular maturity parameter C₂₉ααα cholestane [20S/(20S+20R)] is < 0.5 indicating that these oils were generated at relatively low thermal maturities. The seepage oils resemble Miocene crude oils in the East Zeit Basin which are believed to be generated from the Lower Miocene Rudeis Shale. Burial history modelling indicates that oil generation from this unit began at around 3–4 Ma at vitrinite reflectance levels of Ro%=0.60–0.85. This implies extensive lateral and vertical migration has taken place for the generated oil to reach the surface. Alternatively, the seepage oils may be sourced by leakage from preexisting accumulations.     

海拉尔盆地巴彦呼舒凹陷西部陡坡带原油地球化学特征及油源

巴彦呼舒凹陷西部陡坡带原油的族组分、饱和烃色谱特征和生物标志化合物等资料的分析表明,西部陡坡带原油类型分为稠油和正常油;沉积环境为缺氧的咸水或者半咸水湖泊强还原环境;饱和烃色谱分布完整,未遭受生物降解;原油的全油碳同位素组成都比较轻,δ¹³ C值在−32‰左右;原油中含有伽马蜡烷、β-胡萝卜烷;三环萜烷含量较低,五环萜烷的含量较高;均以ααα-构型规则甾烷为主,且C₂₉ 甾烷的含量最高。油源对比表明,西部陡坡带南屯组和铜钵庙组的成熟原油来源于凹陷南屯组成熟源岩,南屯组低熟原油主要来自于本地区南屯组低成熟的源岩。     

开鲁盆地钱家店凹陷姚家组砂岩中烃类地球化学特征及来源探讨

对开鲁盆地钱家店地区下白垩统姚家组砂岩中吸附烃和包裹体烃类进行色谱—质谱测试,分析了它们的地球化学特征,并讨论其可能的来源。吸附烃和包裹体烃生物标志物成熟度参数,C₂₉ααα甾烷20S/(S+R)、C₃₁αβ藿烷22S/(S+R)比值基本达到平衡值,显示含矿砂岩中的烃类已接近成熟—成熟热演化阶段;物质来源及沉积环境参数,ααα20R甾烷百分含量C₂₇>C₂₈29,C₂₅/C₂₆三环萜烷、规则甾烷/17αC_29-33藿烷比值显示相对低值,结合伽马蜡烷指数、C₃₅升藿烷指数等参数,综合反映了其来源应为弱氧化—还原环境下的腐殖—腐泥型湖相有机质。这些特征与该凹陷侏罗系九佛堂组烃源岩地球化学特征相似,因而,油源可能来自九佛堂组烃源岩。      

准噶尔盆地南缘油气生成与分布规律——原油地球化学特征与分类

准噶尔盆地南缘地区原油分布广泛,不同地区原油具有不同的地球化学特征。按照碳同位素与生物标志物组成特征可以分为4种典型类型:1第1类原油典型特征是碳同位素组成轻,全油δ¹³C值通常小于-29‰,正构烷烃分子碳同位素分布比较平缓,δ¹³C值通常小于-28‰,含有较丰富的β-胡萝卜烷,甾烷以C₂₈、C₂₉规则甾烷为主,重排甾烷低,伽马蜡烷含量变化较大;2第2类原油碳同位素组成重,全油δ¹³C值通常在-28‰~-26‰,正构烷烃分子碳同位素分布比较平缓,δ¹³C值通常大于-28‰,Pr/Ph比值高,甾烷以C₂₉规则甾烷和重排甾烷为主,三环萜烷以C₁₉为主,伽马蜡烷含量很低;3第3类原油碳同位素组成轻,全油δ¹³C值通常小于-29‰,C₉以上正构烷烃分子碳同位素分布随碳数增高大幅下降,δ¹³C值在-27‰~-34‰,Pr/Ph比值小于1.0,C₂₇、C₂₈、C₂₉甾烷呈"V"型分布,异胆甾烷、重排甾烷含量高,Ts、C₂₉Ts、C₃₀重排藿烷高,Ts/Tm >1,伽马蜡烷含量高且具有两个异构体,甾/萜烷比值高;4第4类原油碳同位素组成重,全油δ¹³C值通常在-28‰~-26‰,C₉以上正构烷烃分子碳同位素分布随碳数增高下降幅度大,δ¹³C值在-23‰~-29‰,C₂₇、C₂₈、C₂₉甾烷呈"V"型分布且以ααα-20R为主,异胆甾烷丰度低,甲藻甾烷尤为丰富,三环萜烷以C₁₉为主,伽马蜡烷含量较低。     

GEOCHEMISTRY AND ORIGIN OF UPPER CRETACEOUS OILS FROM THE TERMIT BASIN,NIGER

Crude oil samples (n = 16) from Upper Cretaceous reservoir rocks together with cuttings samples of Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene mudstone source rocks (n = 12) from wells in the Termit Basin were characterized by a variety of biomarker parameters using GC and GC‐MS techniques. Organic geochemical analyses of source rock samples from the Upper Cretaceous Yogou Formation demonstrate poor to excellent hydrocarbon generation potential; the samples are characterized by Type II kerogen grading to mixed Types II–III and III kerogen. The oil samples have pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratios ranging from 0.73 to 1.27, low C₂₂/C₂₁ and high C₂₄/C₂₃ tricyclic terpane ratios, and values of the gammacerane index (gammacerane/C₃₀hopane) of 0.29–0.49, suggesting derivation from carbonate‐poor source rocks deposited under suboxic to anoxic and moderate to high salinity conditions. Relatively high C₂₉ sterane concentrations with C₂₉/C₂₇ sterane ratios ranging from 2.18–3.93 and low values of the regular steranes/17α(H)‐hopanes ratio suggest that the oils were mainly derived from kerogen dominated by terrigenous higher plant material. Both aromatic maturity parameters (MPI‐1, MPI‐2 and R_c) and C₂₉ sterane parameters (20S/(20S+20R) and ββ/ (αα + ββ)) suggest that the oils are early‐mature to mature. Oil‐to‐oil correlations suggest that the Upper Cretaceous oils belongs to the same genetic family. Parameters including the Pr/Ph ratio, gammacerane index and C₂₆/C₂₅ tricyclic terpanes, and similar positions on a sterane ternary plot, suggest that the Upper Cretaceous oils originated from Upper Cretaceous source rocks rather than from Paleogene source rocks. The Yogou Formation can therefore be considered as an effective source rock.     

尕斯库勒油田不同赋存状态烃类的地球化学特征

通过对柴达木盆地尕斯库勒油田古近、新近系六个油砂样品中游离烃、封闭烃、碳酸盐胶结物烃、束缚烃和石英颗粒包裹体烃的分步分离和GC-MS分析,研究了不同赋存状态饱和烃馏分生物标记化合物的地球化学特征。研究结果表明,①正构烷烃的峰形为单峰型;碳数范围为nC₁₃—nC₄₂,在不同赋存状态烃中略有差异;碳优势指数(I_CP)小于1.2,具有较弱的奇碳优势;m(Pr)/m(Ph)值小于0.39,具有植烷优势,形成于强还原环境;高含量的伽马蜡烷指示了源岩的盐湖相沉积环境,不同赋存状态烃之间差异反映了盐湖的咸化演化过程。②油砂中不同赋存状态烃中含有丰富C₂₇规则甾烷、藿烷和长链三环萜,4-甲基甾烷的含量相对较高,显示出低等水生生物的藻类和细菌对成烃的贡献。m(C₂₉甾烷20S)/m[C₂₉甾烷(20S+20R)]和m(C₂₉甾烷ββ)/m[C₂₉甾烷(ββ+αα)]的比值表明不同赋存状态烃为低熟-成熟生油岩生成的原油。油藏储集层(油砂)中这些不同赋存类型(期次)烃类,反映出油气从烃源岩进入储集层成藏的先后差异。     

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL GAS AT GIANT ACCUMULATIONS IN CHINA

A total of six giant gasfields each with proven reserves of more than 100 billion cubic metres are present in the Ordos and Tarim Basins, China. The gasfields are Sulige, Yulin, Wushenqi, Da'niudi and Jingbian in the Ordos Basin, and Kela 2 in the Tarim Basin. In this paper, we report on the geochemical characteristics of the natural gas at these fields based on studies of gas composition (150 samples), together with stable isotope data (143 samples) and helium isotope data (21 samples). Results show that the gases have high contents of C_1-4 alkanes (generally over 90%) and minor contents of CO₂ (below 3%). The generally high δ¹³C values of C₁-C₄ hydrocarbons indicates a significant contribution from humic source rocks such as Permian-Carboniferous and Mid-Lower Jurassic coal measures. δ¹³ C₁, δ¹³C₂, δ¹³C₃ and δ¹³C₄ values for gases in Upper Palaeozoic reservoirs were -35 to -32‰, -28 to -24‰, -27 to -24‰, and -23.5 to -22‰, respectively. The δ¹³C_iC4 value is higher than that of the δ¹³C_nC4•
He³/He⁴ ratios vary from 10^-7 to 10^-8, indicating that the helium is of crustal (as opposed to mantle) origin. The CH₄/ He³ ratio is 10¹⁰ - 10¹¹, indicating that the CH₄ is of biogenic origin. None of the data is consistent with an abiogenic origin for gas in the Ordos Basin.     

川东北地区典型海、陆相原油地球化学特征及来源

基于饱和烃和芳烃组分的GC/MS和GC/MS/MS分析,揭示了川东北天然气勘探区探井及露头剖面中发现的典型海、陆相原油（油苗）的分子地球化学特征,并结合烃源岩分析资料探讨其来源。研究结果表明,大普光构造带的新清溪1井和元坝构造带的元坝9井中侏罗统千佛崖组原油饱和烃呈姥鲛烷优势（Pr/Ph>1.5）;三环萜烷很少,ETR值低于1.2;芳烃中芴系列含量高;经与相关烃源岩干酪根碳同位素组成的对比,确认两者油源均来自本层位湖相烃源岩。但这两井原油的重排藿烷类化合物丰度相差悬殊,表征两者油源岩性质有所不同。大普光构造带的川岳84井二叠系原油Pr/Ph值（0.82）较低,三环萜烷丰富,含有C₂₆降胆甾烷,油-岩对比认为来源于上二叠统龙潭组海相烃源岩。江油二郎庙飞仙关组、长兴组油苗呈显著的C₂₉甾烷优势,24-异丙基-/24-正丙基-胆甾烷比值较高（1.1）,C₃₀甲基甾烷中以3β-、2α-甲基甾烷为主,C₂₆甾烷中27-降胆甾烷占优势,芳烃中缺少三芳甲藻甾烷,且全油碳同位素很轻（-34.1‰～-34.6‰）,表明源于寒武系-震旦系烃源岩。     

渤海湾盆地青东凹陷古近系原油地球化学特征及油源分析

渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷青东凹陷存在常规原油和生物降解油。选取新参数β-胡萝卜烷/（2×C₂₉藿烷）、伽马蜡烷/（2×C₂₉藿烷）,三环萜烷系列参数（2×C₂₄四环萜烷）/（C₂₆三环萜烷）、（2×C₁₉）/（C₂₈+C₂₉）三环萜烷以及/菲,结合C₂₉ 4-甲基甾烷及碳同位素特征等,将该区原油划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ等4类,烃源岩划分为A、B₁和B₂等3类。Ⅰ类原油来自青东凹陷中北部深洼的沙三下亚段成熟烃源岩,Ⅱ类原油来自凹陷南部沙四上亚段烃源岩,Ⅲ类原油来自中北部洼陷的沙四上亚段烃源岩,Ⅳ类原油来自青南洼陷沙四上亚段烃源岩,而青东8井原油应有青东凹陷南部烃源岩的贡献。      

南襄盆地泌阳凹陷西部稠油地化特征及意义

精细刻画稠油地球化学特征,对其油源对比、成因乃至开发都具有一定指导作用。南襄盆地泌阳凹陷西部地区原油均遭受了中等以上级别的生物降解,规则甾烷和藿烷受到不同程度破坏,使得一些反映原油成因、成熟度的常用指标严重失效。通过对该区12个稠油样品地球化学特征的精细分析和研究,发现饱和烃中的伽马蜡烷、Ts、Tm以及长链三环萜烷的抗降解能力高于规则甾烷和藿烷,能较好地反映该区稠油地球化学特征。油源对比表明,该区核三下段原油均来源于核三下段烃源岩,而核三上段原油除来源于核三上段烃源岩外,不同小层段都有核三下段源岩不同程度的贡献。结合芳烃组成特征和参数,可以清楚地将研究区稠油划分成两类,并显示他们可能具有不同的生物降解机制。     

渤海湾盆地车镇凹陷下古生界烃源岩生物标志物特征

利用GC-MS技术对渤海湾盆地车镇凹陷下古生界碳酸盐岩的生物标志物进行研究，探讨了烃源岩沉积环境、有机质来源及热演化程度，对比了其与古近系烃源岩的差异。研究表明:下古生界碳酸盐岩正构烷烃主峰碳数低、奇偶优势不明显，类异构烷烃呈弱植烷优势或姥鲛烷-植烷均势；萜烷类化合物以藿烷为主、三环萜烷含量较低、四环萜烷相对较多，升藿烷系列分布正常，γ-蜡烷含量较低；C₂₇、C₂₈和C₂₉规则甾烷呈不对称的"V"型分布，重排甾烷含量低，4α-甲基甾烷含量较高；芳烃中菲和三芴系列占优势，缺少联苯等高等植物输入的生物标志物，萘系列丰富及1，2，5-三甲基萘、1，2，5，6-四甲基萘丰度低，三芴中硫芴丰度高、氧芴低，芳香甾烷以三芳甾烷为主，缺失单芳甾烷。上述特征指示，下古生界烃源岩形成于还原性浅海环境，源于菌藻类和浮游类低等生物，演化阶段处于高-过成熟阶段。对比优选出了可以区分下古生界与古近系烃源岩的4个饱和烃和5个芳烃生标参数，为该区下古生界油藏的油源判识提供了依据。      

江汉盆地盐间页岩中芳基类异戊间二烯烷烃特征及对页岩油勘探的意义

通过对江汉盆地潜江凹陷王场地区王云11井潜江组潜33下亚段和潜34亚段4个韵律层部分取心样品的全岩热解和有机抽提物分子地球化学分析，将盐间页岩的沉积环境划分为半咸水—咸水湖相和咸水湖相2种类型。前者分布范围相对广泛，沉积水体分层明显，以富含伽马蜡烷和2，3，6-三甲基-芳基异戊间二烯烷烃为特征；后者分布范围相对局限，以较高丰度的3，4，5-三甲基—芳基异戊间二烯烷烃为特征，同时缺少水体分层的分子标志物证据。较高的热解S₁含量、S₁/w（TOC）比值以及与盐间页岩储层埋藏深度不匹配的萜烷Ts/（Ts+Tm）比值和规则甾烷异构化参数分析揭示，盐间页岩中游离油富集段主要分布在半咸水—咸水环境形成的富有机质纹层发育段，为一定程度的成熟油气沿着顺层微裂缝侧向运移提供了有利场所。通过常规甾萜烷和芳基异戊间二烯烷烃特殊生物标志物组合分析，提出盐间页岩油勘探应关注潜三段和潜四段内几个最大湖泛面，除了继续王场构造区开发试验外，应该加大蚌湖洼陷成熟烃源区的勘探力度。      

HIGHER PLANT BIOMARKERS IN PALEOGENE CRUDE OILS FROM THE YUFUTSU OIL-AND GASFIELD AND OFFSHORE WILDCATS, JAPAN

Geochemical investigation of Paleogene oils from the onshore Yufutsu oil- and gasfield, southern Hokkaido, and from two nearby offshore wells, revealed the presence of numerous biomarkers of higher plant origin. Biomarkers in the oils belong to different groups of both angiosperm and gymnosperm origin; they include bicyclic sesquiterpanes, diterpanes, and triterpanes and their aromatized counterparts, which suggests a terrestrial origin for the oils. The oils were characterized as having a high wax content, a low content of organosulphur compounds, a high pristane/phytane ratio, and a low C₂₇/(C₂₇+C₂₉) sterane ratio.
Although the oils from on- and offshore Southern Hokkaido are similar in their geochemical composition, notable differences were observed in the biomarker signature of both saturate and aromatic fractions. The oils from the offshore wells appeared to have a greater abundance of higher plant biomarkers compared to those from the Yufutsu field, suggesting an enrichment in higher plant components. Differences in biomarker fingerprint could not be linked to the maturity effect, since the oils appeared to be of similar maturity levels, corresponding to the late stage of the oil window (0.9–1.2%, Rc). The differences in the biomarker signatures between the oils from the Yufutsu field and the offshore wells are likely to be due to facies variations in source organic matter, resulting from differences in the quantity and quality of land plant input.     

渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷北部页岩油富集类型和烃类组成特征——以文410井古近系沙河街组三段为例

为研究渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷北部页岩油的含油性及烃类组成特征,对文410井古近系沙河街组三段岩心样品开展了冷冻热解、三维定量荧光、气相色谱—质谱、岩石薄片等分析测试。东濮凹陷北部沙三段主要发育夹层型和裂缝型2种页岩油富集类型,烃类赋存主要为粒间孔和微裂缝2种形式,有效孔缝组合是页岩油高效富集的关键;岩心样品抽提物烃类组成特征主要以低碳数正构烷烃为主,C₂₇—C₂₈—C₂₉规则甾烷呈“V”型分布,反映出有机质来源主要为陆生高等植物与低等水生生物;伽马蜡烷含量较高,较低的Pr/Ph比值,反映该区有机质沉积环境主要为咸化的还原环境;结合C₃₁22S/(22S+22R)、Ts/(Ts+Tm)、C₂₉ααα20S/(20S+20R)、C₂₉ββ/(αα+ββ)等参数,表明烃源岩处于成熟阶段。      

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊—贝尔凹陷白垩系原油地球化学特征及油源对比

对海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷和贝尔凹陷共21个原油和油砂样品进行GC、GC-MS和非烃含氮化合物测试分析,根据饱和烃、轻烃和甾萜类生物标志化合物的分析资料,全面剖析了海拉尔盆地乌尔逊-贝尔凹陷白垩系原油的地球化学特征,并通过油源对比确定了其主力烃源层。研究结果表明,海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷和乌尔逊凹陷原油存在2种成因类型:第一类油饱和烃C₁₇—C₂₃具正构烷烃优势,呈单峰型分布,Pr/Ph>1(1~2.88),C₂₇—C₂₉甾烷呈"V"型分布,伽马蜡烷含量较低,表征淡水湖相沉积环境;第二类油具有饱和烃低碳正构烷烃优势,Pr/Ph<1,孕甾烷、C₂₇重排甾烷含量较低,伽马蜡烷不发育,表征煤系地层原油。油源对比揭示,原油来自2套不同沉积环境的源岩,展示了海拉尔盆地良好的烃源条件。      

准噶尔盆地南缘油气生成与分布规律——典型类型原油油源对比

准噶尔盆地南缘地区背斜众多,油气分布广泛,油气性质多样。该地区存在5套有效烃源岩,油-源关系十分复杂,长期以来对原油来源存在很大争议。系统采集了南缘地区5套烃源岩及不同构造原油样品,对烃源岩抽提物与原油碳同位素组成、正构烷烃及类异戊二烯烷烃分子碳同位素组成、生物标志物组成特征等进行了全面的对比分析。结果表明,南缘地区4种典型类型原油分别来源于不同时代的烃源岩:1第1类原油碳同位素组成轻,正构烷烃分子碳同位素分布比较平缓,含有较丰富的β-胡萝卜烷,甾烷以C₂₈、C₂₉规则甾烷为主,来源于二叠系烃源岩;2第2类原油碳同位素组成重,正构烷烃分子碳同位素分布比较平缓,Pr/Ph比值高,甾烷以C₂₉规则甾烷和重排甾烷为主,三环萜烷以C₁₉为主,伽马蜡烷含量很低,来源于侏罗纪煤系烃源岩;3第3类原油碳同位素组成轻,正构烷烃分子碳同位素分布随碳数增高大幅下降,Pr/Ph比值小于1.0,C₂₇、C₂₈、C₂₉甾烷呈"V"型分布,异胆甾烷、重排甾烷、Ts、C₂₉Ts、C₃₀重排藿烷、伽马蜡烷含量高,来源于白垩系清水河组烃源岩;4第4类原油碳同位素组成重,正构烷烃分子碳同位素分布随碳数增高下降幅度大,C₂₇、C₂₈、C₂₉甾烷呈"V"型分布且以ααα-20R为主,甲藻甾烷尤为丰富,来源于古近系安集海河组烃源岩。目前在南缘地区尚未发现三叠系烃源岩生成的原油。