The K2O·Al2O3-Al2O3 system

The phase relationships in the system K₂O · AL₂O₃-Al₂O₃ between 1200 and 1700° C have been experimentally established. The homogeneity range of potassium -alumina is limited by the 83 and 91 mol % Al₂O₃ compositions. The eutectic point between the K₂O-Al₂O₃ and -alumina was found to be at 1450° at about 62 mol % Al₂O₃ composition. An X-ray diffraction pattern analysis of potassium -alumina is shown.     

γ-Al2O3载体研究进展

氧化铝催化剂载体领域中,γ-Al2O3应用最为广泛.综述了γ-Al2O3载体的主要研究方向方面的进展:制备工艺低成本化、孔结构控制、提高载体稳定性和制备超细γ-Al2O3,并指出结合制备方法的改善,开发出大比表面积、适宜孔径分布及热稳定性和抗水合性良好的γ-Al2O3载体,同时发展纳米γ-Al2O3以满足实际生产的需要.     

低温反应溅射Al+α-Al2O3复合靶沉积α-Al2O3薄膜

低温沉积α-Al₂O₃薄膜是拓展其实际工程应用的关键。本研究以Al、α-Al₂O₃和Al + 15wt% α-Al₂O₃为靶材, 用射频磁控溅射在Si(100)基体上沉积氧化铝薄膜。用掠入射X射线衍射(GIXRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、能谱仪(EDS)对所沉积薄膜的相结构和元素含量进行研究, 用纳米压痕技术测量薄膜硬度。结果表明, 在550 ℃的基体温度下, 反应射频磁控溅射Al+α-Al₂O₃靶可获得单相α-Al₂O₃薄膜。靶中的α-Al₂O₃溅射至基片表面能优先形成α-Al₂O₃晶核, 在550 ℃及以上的基体温度下可抑制γ相形核, 促进α-Al₂O₃晶核同质外延生长, 并最终形成单相α-Al₂O₃薄膜。     

B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2透明玻璃陶瓷研究

玻璃陶瓷属于一类多晶陶瓷材料.通过调整玻璃基质和晶相组成可以制备出具有良好的力学、热学、电学和光学性能的玻璃陶瓷材料.采用传统的熔融和退火技术制备出含B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-Li2O-K2O组分的硼铝硅玻璃,并通过成核和长晶工艺最终制备出透明玻璃陶瓷.配合料在铂金坩埚中于1450℃下熔融2h,然后经两步热处理制度控制晶核的生成和晶粒的长大.采用差热分析技术确定成核和长晶温度.采用X射线衍射技术对不同热处理制度下的玻璃陶瓷样品进行分析,以确定最佳成核和长晶条件.采用扫描电子显微镜分析玻璃陶瓷形态,晶粒尺寸及其在残余玻璃相中的分布.采用UV-Vis-Nir分光光度计测定玻璃陶瓷样品的透过率.     

纳米η-Al2O3双组元法合成Na-β″-Al2O3固体电解质

以纳米η-Al2 O3为原料,氧化镁(MgO)为稳定剂,采用双组元法制备Na-β″-Al2 O3固体电解质.通过Archimedes法,SEM和三点抗弯法研究试样的致密性、显微结构和力学性能;采用XRD和交流阻抗谱仪研究试样的β″-Al2 O3相含量和离子电导率.结果表明:双组元法有利于提高试样的结构均匀性;纳米η-Al2 O3比高纯α-Al2 O3更易于合成Na-β″-Al2 O3固体电解质;适量MgO的加入有利于提高试样中β″-Al2 O3相的含量和试样的致密性,减小试样的晶界电阻,提高试样的离子电导率;过多的Mg O掺杂量导致晶内气孔尺寸的长大,反而增大了试样的晶粒电阻,导致试样的离子电导率降低.当MgO的加入量为2％(质量分数)时,试样在300℃时的离子电导率最大,为0.0396 S·cm-1.     

在氧气中焙烧C/γ-Al2O3复合物快速制备α-Al2O3微粉

提出了一种快速制备α-Al₂O₃微粉的方法, 以淀粉为碳源、γ-Al2O₃为前体制备了C/γ-Al₂O₃复合物, 然后在800℃、氧气氛中焙烧制备α-Al₂O₃微粉. N₂物理吸附及SEM分析结果表明, 所制得的α-氧化铝颗粒细小, 约为2μm. 该方法具有焙烧温度低、焙烧时间短的优点, 同时, 淀粉及γ-Al₂O₃均为廉价的工业原料, 且该方法所需淀粉量较少, 最少仅需0.3g/g γ-Al₂O₃, 对应的C/γ-Al₂O₃复合物碳含量约为6wt%, 因而极具工业化应用前景.     

Electron emission measurements and the defect structure of α-Al2O3

In this article, electron emission is used to study the defect structure of alumina. The need of a direct measurement of the position of the Fermi level (or the electron concentration in the conduction band) is shown by discussing the actual electrical data on alumina. The emission has been measured over a large temperature range (1400 to 2400 K) and the emission of a technical polycrystalline alumina is reported up to the melting temperature under a controlled oxygen partial pressure. Additional results are reported for titanium- and iron-doped polycrystalline aluminas. The results are discussed from two points of view. First the quantitative data concerning the work function are taken into account and the contribution of the surface layer is discussed. Secondly, the dependency of the electron emission on the oxygen partial pressure is explained by the defect chemistry of the oxide. The absence of variation of the electron concentration in a certain range of is due to a self compensation between donor and acceptor impurities.     

爆轰法制备纳米α-Al2O3

纳米粉体材料是上世纪80年代中期以后发展起来的一种新型固体材料,它由尺寸在(1-100)mm的固体颗料组成.由于纳米材料具有良好的表面效应、体积效应、量子尺寸效应和宏观量子隧道效应,在材料、机械、化工、医药、军事等领域都有广泛的用途.     

Effect of the starting Al2O3 and of the method of preparation on the characteristics of Li-stabilized β″-Al2O3 ceramics

The influence of the morphology and the size of the particles of various types of starting Al₂ O₃ material on the synthesis and characteristics of Li-stabilized'-Al₂O₃ ceramics have been investigated. The use of highly dispersed oxides makes it possible to attain higher densities in the fired ceramic bodies due to their higher reactivity. In the case of oxides obtained from ammonium alum, the degree of dispersion and the reactivity may be increased by raising the amount of-Al₂O₃ up to a certain limit. Alumina prepared from Al₂ (OH)₅ NO₃ by slurry solution spray-drying also gives satisfactory results despite its lower degree of dispersion. This is connected with the morphology of the particles. In the case of synthesized materials containing an insufficient amount ofAl₂O₃-NaAlO₂ eutectic, high densities may also be achieved by applying a two-step firing schedule at temperatures above the melting point of the eutectic.     

Sintering of pseudo-boehmite and γ-Al2O3

Sintering of pseudo-boehmite, acicular-Al₂O₃ produced by dehydration of pseudo-boehmite, and-Al₂O₃ ex alum was investigated. The sintering process was studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy with selected area electron diffraction and BET surface area measurements. The solid state reaction to-Al₂O₃ causes a steep drop of the surface area to less than 10 m²g^–1. The acicular pseudo-boehmite and-Al₂O₃ supports exhibit an intermediate state where the acicular particles assume a rod-like shape and the surface area falls from about 300 to 100 m²g^–1. It was established that reaction to -Al₂O₃ and, hence, sintering proceeds via a nucleation and growth mechanism. The rate-limiting step is nucleation of -Al₂O₃. Consequently, the contacts between the elementary alumina particles dominate the sinter process. The contact between the acicular elementary particles of pseudoboehmite and-Al₂O₃ studied leads to the reaction to -Al₂O₃ to be almost complete after keeping samples for 145 h at 1050 °C. Decomposition of alum produces very small particles showing negligible mutual contacts. Consequently an elevated thermal stability is exhibited. Treatment of the alumina ex alum with water and drying results in a xerogel in which contact between elementary particles is much more intimate. Accordingly, treatment at 1050 °C causes a sharp drop in surface area.     

微波酸消解α-Al2O3研究

使用MARS-5微波高压消解系统采用HCI或HNO₃成功地溶解了α-Al₂O₃样品,指出当溶剂温度上升至240℃时,HCI或HNO_{_3}对α-Al₂O₃样品具有较强的溶解能力.当溶剂量固定时,样品量的大小与溶样时间大致成正比关系. Al₂O₃样品中α相比率越高,消解时间越长.     

纳米α-Al2O3化学合成技术研究进展

纳米α-Al2O3粉体因其用于高强材料、电子陶瓷以及催化剂等而具有广泛的应用潜力,然而经高温煅烧难于获得真正纳米粒径的α-Al2O3粉体.综述了近年来国外合成纳米α-Al2O3粉末的2种工艺:一种为高温化学合成工艺,包括气相沉积法、激光烧蚀法、电弧等离子体法和水热法等;另一种为低温化学合成工艺,包括机械球磨法和溶胶-凝胶法等.进一步展望了我国纳米α-Al2O3研究发展的趋势.     

Microwave sintering of nanocrystalline γ-Al2O3

The densification and phase transformation behavior of gas condensation synthesized nanocrystalline γ-A1₂O₃ sintered with microwave radiation has been studied. The polymorphic nucleation and growth phase transformations which occurred as the material was heated through the temperature range of 800–1300°C present significant obstacles in the achievement of specimens which possess high bulk densities. These phase transformations are accompanied by a change in particle morphology, crystallite size, and surface area. Alumina derived from a chemically synthesized boehmite precursor has been shown to exhibit the same nucleation and growth phase transformation behavior when conventionally heated. It is concluded that nanocrystalline γ or δ alumina will not be a viable starting material for the production of dense bodies with grain sizes of less than 100 nm.     

B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃析晶动力学研究

采用差示扫描量热（DSC）分析法对B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃的析晶动力学参数进行了测定，研究了该系统微晶玻璃的析晶动力学。结果表明：随着B2O3/SiO2比的降低，该系统玻璃的析晶活化能E呈先升高后降低的变化趋势，当B2O3/SiO2比为11：5时，析晶活化能最小，Emin=375．4kJ／mol，晶化指数n则先减小后增大，但均〉4，表明该系统玻璃可整体析晶。     

阳极支撑型ITSOFC密封材料SrO-La2O3-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃的研究

研究了应用于阳极支撑型的中温固体氧化物燃料电池(ITSOFC)密封的SrO-La2O3-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2体系微晶玻璃不同组分的线膨胀率,结果表明当微晶玻璃粉组成SrCO3 28.14%(摩尔分数),La2O3 21.17%(摩尔分数),Al2O3 7.22%(摩尔分数),H2BO3 41.72%(摩尔分数),SiO2 1.76%(摩尔分数)(SLABS3) 时,最符合ITSOFC密封要求.差热分析结果表明SLABS3的玻璃转变温度在670℃～760℃之间,结晶温度在813～840℃之间,玻璃软化点约在900℃,XRD测试表明微晶玻璃与Ni-La0.3Ce0.7O1.85(Ni-LDC)阳极化学相容性好,将微晶玻璃和Ni-LDC在850℃烧结100h后,SEM观察界面粘附性好,EPMA测试界面的元素含量结果表明,虽然阳极的Ce会向微晶玻璃扩散10μm的深度,但观察不到微晶玻璃的元素向Ni-LDC扩散现象.用SLABS3密封模拟电池,测试开路电压结果表明SLABS3的密封效果和稳定性良好.     

Heteroepitaxial growth of the δ-Ta2O5 films on α-Al2O3 (0001)

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - The heteroepitaxial δ-Ta2O5 films were deposited on α-Al2O3 (0001) by MOCVD. As the growth temperature increases from...     

高比表面积γ-Al2O3的制备研究进展

综述了近年来国内外高比表面积介孔γ-Al2O3的制备研究进展,介绍了模板法、超临界法、一步湿化学法、爆轰法等制备方法,分析了其制备过程中的影响因素及产品的性能;比较了各种高比表面积介孔γ-Al2O3合成方法,探讨了合成高性能产品的途径,同时展望了今后的研究方向.     

α-Al2O3烧结激活能变化趋势的研究

烧结激活能是研究物质烧结机理的重要参量。从实验得到的0．35μm、μm以及2．5μm3种粒径的旷Al2O3的恒速升温烧结曲线出发,通过Arrhenius关系拟合计算,发现激活能是一个变化的值。当选取整个温度区间进行拟合计算时,烧结激活能值大致可以分为前后两个阶段,前一阶段的激活能值要高于后一阶段的值;当拟合选取的温度区间较窄时,发现烧结过程中随着温度的升高,烧结激活能值先减小后增加。同时观察到坯体起始粒径越大,样品烧结激活能平均值越高。     

爆轰法合成纳米α-Al2O3粉体

利用硝酸铝、尿素和炸药为原料,通过研究配比出一种类似塑性炸药的混合炸药,引爆此混合炸药,爆轰完毕得到了纳米-αAl2O3粉体。对收集到的实验粉体分别进行了高分辨率透射电镜分析、衍射分析和热分析。分析结果表明,用此法所得到的纳米-αAl2O3呈球形,颗粒尺寸分布非常均匀,每个颗粒的大小为35nm左右,晶型为单一的α型。爆轰法合成纳米-αAl2O3具有合成反应速度快、设备简单和易放大产量的优点。     

氧化铝新产品超活性α-Al2O3问世

经绿特化学建材研究所多名科技人员六年技术攻关,成功地试验出以氢氧化铝为原料,加入相变催化剂于800℃下,使之转化成α-Al2O3品相的新技术,因为该产品在低温下生成,所以与传统方法（1200℃以上高温转相）生产的α-Al2O3有很大区别,是当今世界上α-Al2O3活性最高的微粉氧化铝,具体有以下三方面的特点：