氧化石墨烯纳米带与氧化石墨烯增强热塑性聚氨酯薄膜的制备及性能

利用纵向裂解多壁碳纳米管制备了氧化石墨烯纳米带,并采用溶液成型的方法制得氧化石墨烯纳米带-氧化石墨烯(GONRs-GO)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)复合材料薄膜。场发射扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析结果显示,GONRs与GO间相互剥离并均匀地分散在TPU基体中;氧气透过率(OTR)和力学性能测试表明,GONRs和GO具有协同增强TPU复合材料薄膜的阻隔和力学性能的作用。当GONRs和GO在TPU中添加量均为1.5%(质量分数)时,GONRs-GO/TPU复合材料薄膜的阻隔和力学性能达到最佳。相比于纯TPU薄膜,该GONRs-GO/TPU复合材料薄膜的OTR降低了83.94%,拉伸断裂强度、屈服强度、扯断伸长率则分别提高了59.28%,59.54%和15.0%。     

功能氧化石墨烯纳米带/热塑性聚氨酯复合材料薄膜的制备及阻隔性能

以氧化解压多壁碳纳米管的方法制备了氧化石墨烯纳米带(GONRs),然后用异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)对GONRs化学修饰得到功能氧化石墨烯纳米带。采用溶液成形的方法在涂膜机上制备了功能氧化石墨烯纳米带(IPGONRs)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)复合材料薄膜,研究了IP-GONRs对TPU薄膜阻隔性能的影响。扫描电镜和X射线衍射的数据表明,IP-GONRs完全剥离地均匀分散在TPU基体中,并且基本沿着纳米复合材料薄膜表面平行分布。仅添加3.0%(质量分数,下同)的IP-GONRs时,TPU薄膜的氧气透过率便下降67%,因此获得了具有优异阻隔性能的IPGONRs/TPU纳米复合材料薄膜。这种具有优异阻隔性能的复合材料薄膜在食品包装和轻量气体存储容器方面有潜在的应用。     

层叠状功能化石墨烯纳米带/TPU复合材料薄膜的制备与性能

利用溶液涂覆成膜工艺在涂膜机上制得层叠状功能化石墨烯纳米带（SF-GNRs）/热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）复合材料薄膜。采用FTIR、XRD、XPS、TEM和FE-SEM对SF-GNRs的结构进行表征,并结合复合材料薄膜的氧气透过率、体积电阻率测试及表面形貌观察,研究了不同质量分数的SF-GNRs对TPU复合材料薄膜阻隔和抗静电性能的影响。结果表明:所得高比表面积SF-GNRs在TPU基体中分散良好;当SF-GNRs质量分数为1.0%时,SF-GNRs/TPU复合材料薄膜的氧气透过率相比纯TPU薄膜降低了67.76%,阻隔性能得到明显改善;当SF-GNRs质量分数达到1.0%～1.5%时,SF-GNRs/TPU复合材料薄膜出现了电渗流行为,表现出优良的室温导电性能。      

功能化石墨烯纳米带-纳米碳纤维/热塑性聚氨酯薄膜的制备及性能

利用溶液涂覆成膜工艺在涂膜机上制得功能化石墨烯纳米带-纳米碳纤维/热塑性聚氨酯(FGNRs-CNFs/TPU)复合材料薄膜。采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、透射电镜对所得FGNRs-CNFs的结构与性能进行表征,并结合复合材料薄膜的氧气透过率和体积电阻率测试以及断面形貌观察,研究了不同含量的FGNRs-CNFs对TPU复合材料薄膜阻隔和抗静电性能的影响。结果显示,KH-550成功接枝在GNRs上,并且FGNRs附着在骨架CNFs上形成稳定的FGNRs-CNFs网络结构,这有利于其在TPU中均匀分散;相比于纯TPU薄膜,当FGNRs-CNFs质量分数为1%时,FGNRsCNFs/TPU复合材料薄膜的氧气透过率降低了68.8%,阻隔性能得到大幅度提升;石墨烯纳米带与纳米碳纤维构建导电网络,当添加量为0.6%时,复合材料薄膜导电性能提升了7个数量级,表现出优良的室温导电性能。     

功能化氧化石墨烯纳米带/EVA复合材料薄膜的制备及表征

采用纵向氧化切割多壁碳纳米管法制得氧化石墨烯纳米带(GONRs),通过硅烷偶联剂KH-570与GONRs反应得到功能化氧化石墨烯纳米带,随后利用溶液成型的方法在涂膜机上制得功能化氧化石墨烯纳米带(K-GONRs)/乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)复合材料薄膜.用FTIR,XRD,XPS,TEM,FE-SEM,氧气透过仪和电子万能试验机研究了复合材料的结构与性能.研究表明,本实验成功制得薄条状K-GONRs,其层间距约为0.970nm,相比GONRs增加了0.095nm; K-GONRs形状均一、规整并均匀分散于EVA基体中;当K-GONRs质量分数为1％时,K-GONRs/EVA复合材料薄膜的氧气透过率和拉伸强度相比纯EVA薄膜分别降低了54.5％和提高了89.3％,阻隔性能和力学性能得到明显改善.     

3D氧化石墨烯纳米带-碳纳米管/TPU复合材料薄膜的制备与性能

利用溶液成型法制得3D功能化氧化石墨烯纳米带-碳纳米管(pGONRs-CNTs)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)复合材料薄膜。采用FTIR,XRD,XPS和TEM对所得pGONRs-CNTs的结构及性能进行表征,并结合所得TPU复合材料薄膜的氧气透过率和拉伸性能测试以及表面形貌观察,研究GONRs与CNTs的协同作用以及不同含量pGONRs-CNTs对TPU复合材料薄膜阻隔和力学性能的影响。结果表明:pGONRs-CNTs复合体具有独特的3D交织状结构,其中GONRs间通过CNTs链接,二者间较强的π-π键使得这种结合形态牢固紧密,同时CNTs的存在也起到支撑骨架的作用,防止GONRs的滑移与团聚;通过异氰酸苯酯的改性处理,pGONRs-CNTs复合体的亲油性得到明显提高,同时较为庞大的异氰酸根的引入,使得GONR-GONR间的层间距得到了进一步的提高,更有利于其在聚合物基体中实现均匀分散。当pGONRs-CNTs质量分数为0.5%时,pGONRs-CNTs/TPU复合材料薄膜的氧气透过率和拉伸强度相比纯TPU薄膜分别降低了63.08%和提高了46.55%,阻隔性能和力学性能均得到显著改善。     

纳米石墨负载功能化石墨烯纳米带/EVA复合材料薄膜的性能及表征

采用十二烷基硫酸钠改善纳米石墨(CNPs)在水溶液中的分散性,使其均匀负载至功能化石墨烯纳米带(EGNRs)上,制得功能化石墨烯纳米带-纳米石墨复合体(EGNRs_(75%)-CNPs),随后利用溶液涂覆成膜工艺在涂膜机上制得EGNRs_(75%)-CNPs/乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)复合材料薄膜。采用FTIR、XRD、XPS、TEM、FESEM、氧气透过仪、高阻计对不同EGNRs_(75%)-CNPs含量的EGNRs_(75%)-CNPs/EVA复合材料薄膜进行了结构和性能表征。研究表明:EGNRs_(75%)-CNPs以3D网络形式存在,能够抑制纳米带团聚,说明其与EVA基体相容性好。当EGNRs_(75%)-CNPs质量分数为1%时,EGNRs_(75%)-CNPs/EVA复合材料薄膜的氧气透过率降低了67.6%,阻隔性能提高明显;当质量分数为0.8%时,CNPs负载到EGNRs构建3D导电网络,协同发挥增强作用,EGNRs_(75%)-CNPs/EVA复合材料薄膜导电性能提升了约8个数量级,表现出了优良的室温导电性能。     

功能氧化石墨烯/热塑性聚氨酯复合材料薄膜的制备及阻隔性能

为了提高热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)的阻隔性能,首先,采用溶液成型的方法在涂膜机上制备了功能氧化石墨烯(IP-GO)/TPU复合材料薄膜。然后,利用FTIR、XPS、XRD、FE-SEM、原子力显微镜和氧气透过仪对IP-GO/TPU复合材料的形貌和性能进行了表征。结果表明:IP-GO层间距相对原始鳞片石墨的增加了0.696nm,片层的厚度为1.2nm左右。IP-GO以褶皱层状的形式均匀分散在TPU基体中,并且包覆在复合材料薄膜断口表面。当IP-GO含量为3wt%时,IP-GO/TPU复合材料薄膜的氧气透过率为84.325cm3/(m2·d·Pa),相比纯TPU薄膜的280.973cm3/(m2·d·Pa)下降了70%,阻隔性能明显提高。研究解决了TPU薄膜阻隔性能不佳的问题,为高阻隔聚合物的制备提供了一种思路和方法。     

氧化石墨烯-酚醛树脂薄膜的制备及性能研究

采用化学分散法大量制备氧化石墨烯,并采用直接共混法制备氧化石墨烯/酚醛树脂纳米复合材料.通过AFM、SEM、FT-IR、TG等对其进行表征,结果表明,氧化石墨烯完全剥离,并在基体中分散均匀,而且两者界面相容性好,提高了复合材料的热稳定性.通过高温热处理使复合材料薄膜在兼顾形貌的同时实现导电,当氧化石墨烯含量为2%(质量分数)时,其导电率为96.23S/cm.     

功能石墨烯/热塑性聚氨酯复合材料膜的制备及性能

采用双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵(DDAB)插层改性氧化石墨烯(DD-GO),再用抗坏血酸进行还原制得功能石墨烯(DDRGO)。采用溶液成形的方法在涂膜机上制备功能石墨烯(DD-RGO)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)复合材料膜,并利用FTIR、XRD、FE-SEM、高阻计、氧气透过仪对DD-RGO/TUP复合材料膜结构和性能进行表征。结果表明:经DDAB改性后的石墨烯能在TPU基体中能以褶皱层状的形式均匀的分散,并提高TPU的热稳定性、阻隔性与抗静电性。当DD-RGO的添加量为2%时,复合材料膜的阻隔性与导电性相对于纯TPU分别提高了50%与7个数量级,阻隔性与抗静电性明显提高。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.