塔里木油田套管粘扣预防及标准化

通过对塔里木油田套管粘扣原因进行调查研究和失效分析,认为套管粘扣原因既与其本身抗粘扣性能差有关,也与使用操作不当有关。油田采购的套管抗粘扣性能差与订货标准没有严格要求有关,使用操作不规范导致大量套管粘扣与没有切实可行的套管操作规范,或者操作人员没有严格执行操作规程有关。要从根本上解决套管粘扣问题,首先应当对套管粘扣原因进行失效分析和研究,找出粘扣原因,依据失效分析和研究成果制定严格的订货技术标准和操作规程,并采取一定的措施落实订货技术标准和操作规程。     

塔里木油田非API油套管技术要求及标准化

通过对塔里木油田油套管在使用过程中发生的失效事故和油套管订货技术标准进行分析,认为依据油套管使用工况确定订货技术标准,严格订货技术标准有利于减少油套管失效事故,统一技术标准是油田和油套管生产厂家共同的责任,统一技术标准不仅有利于油田降低采购成本,有利于油田管理和减少库存,也有利于大多数生产厂家和油套管国产化。在油套管订货技术标准中,应当对油套管的尺寸精度、材料性能、抗粘扣性能、密封性能等提出具体要求。最后介绍了塔里木油田在第三套井身结构中套管技术要求及标准化成功的案例。     

塔里木油田非API油、套管失效分析及预防

对塔里木油田非API油、套管的失效情况进行了统计分析,总结了油、套管常见的失效形式及失效原因,并针对每种失效形式提出了一定的预防措施。结果表明:套管压力升高主要是因油管接头泄漏所致,而油管接头泄漏主要是因为其气密封性能不能满足油田实际工况条件,套管挤毁失效主要与套管磨损地层蠕变有关,套管断裂和开裂既与套管材质有关,也与套管磨损有关;通过制定严格的油、套管订货技术标准,可有效预防和减少塔里木油田非API油、套管失效事故的发生。     

ZKG223钎杆连接套管断裂原因分析

某ZKG223钎杆连接套管在使用过程中发生断裂失效。通过宏观检查、化学成分分析、金相检验、断口分析对套管断裂失效原因进行了分析。结果表明:该连接套管断裂类型为疲劳断裂。断裂起源于套管内壁螺纹损伤处,套管与钎杆装配时存在连接松动造成使用过程中螺纹发生磕碰挤压损伤,引起疲劳裂纹的萌生及扩展,最终导致套管断裂失效。     

汽车零件后桥半轴套管断裂失效分析

本文利用金相技术,电子探针等方法,对汽车零件后桥半轴套管断裂失效原因进行了分析,结果表明失效原因主要是疲劳断裂。     

离心式压缩机用螺栓断裂失效分析

离心式压缩机固定法兰采用的12.9级高强度螺栓出现断裂失效,本文对离心式压缩机所使用的这类螺栓进行受力分析、破坏力矩检测、材料化学成分检测等,并结合断裂螺栓的断口宏观和微观分析,确定螺栓断裂的性质为脆性断裂,认为螺栓材料中含有Al2O3和其他非金属夹杂物是造成脆性断裂的主要原因,建议严格控制高强度螺栓中非金属夹杂物的含量。     

风电渗碳齿轮内部疲劳断裂可靠性研究

齿轮内部疲劳断裂作为风电渗碳齿轮典型失效形式，是限制风电齿轮箱服役性能提升的瓶颈之一。基于应力强度模糊干涉函数和齿轮材料强度退化理论，结合风电LDD载荷与Dang Van多轴疲劳准则建立渗碳齿轮内部疲劳断裂可靠度分析模型，通过与某2 MW风电齿轮失效样本进行对比验证了模型的适用性。采用因子试验设计方法分析齿轮硬度梯度和微观修形对内部疲劳断裂失效的影响，通过材料暴露系数回归方程进行望小优化设计获得主因子最佳参数匹配。研究结果表明心部硬度、齿向鼓形对内部疲劳断裂失效影响权重最大，通过优化设计将该齿轮副内部疲劳断裂可靠度由0.968 399提高至0.972 678。     

某油田钻具失效统计分析

对某油田2002-2004年钻具失效情况进行了系统调查,查清了不同钻具的失效形式和失效次数。通过统计分析发现钻铤断裂次数最多,占钻具失效总数的比例最大。对钻铤断裂机理和受力状态进行了分析,认为钻铤断裂性质主要属于早期疲劳失效。对钻铤标准和实际使用状况进行了分析,找出了钻铤标准中存在的问题。对钻铤断裂原因从螺纹接头结构应力、残余应力和材料韧性等方面进行了分析,指出了导致钻铤断裂的产品质量问题。通过使用工况和钻井参数对钻铤的受力状态进行了分析,指出了使用操作对钻铤断裂的影响。最后对该油田依据上述结论采取措施后2009-2011年钻具失效情况进行了统计分析,发现钻具失效事故大幅度减少。     

层合轧压SMAT纳米化304不锈钢材料渐进损伤模拟

基于表面机械研磨处理技术(SMAT)和温轧工艺, 可以加工出具有高强度和理想韧性的层合纳米化结构材料。为了研究层合轧压SMAT纳米化304不锈钢材料的变形行为及随后的损伤起始与演化过程, 采用内聚有限元方法, 建立了用于预测该材料力学性能的有限元模型。基于该模型, 评估了材料中纳米晶层性质, 包括法向内聚强度、切向内聚强度、损伤演化断裂能和体积含量对材料整体强度和韧性的影响。通过比较数值仿真结果与实验结果, 验证了模型的合理性和准确性。同时预测结果表明, 增加纳米晶层的内聚强度和减小其断裂能都能提高材料的韧性; 增加纳米晶层的体积含量, 材料的整体韧性降低, 但强度增加。     

Al2O3基多角柱状陶瓷复合材料的延缓型断裂

研究了以SiC为界面层的Al2O3基多角柱状陶瓷复合材料的断裂韧性以及断裂功,发现该材料的断裂能显著提高。通过观察裂纹扩展路径以及断裂形貌,分析了多角柱状复合材料的断裂行为,在弯曲强度和韧性测试中,这一材料在适当的载荷容量下,展示出延缓型的断裂行为和非脆性的失效方式。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.