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外源重金属Cu、Cd对红树林沉积物酶活性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用外源添加重金属室内恒温培养实验研究了Cu、Cd对三亚河红树林沉积物脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响.结果表明,Cu能够抑制红树林沉积物脲酶和蔗糖酶活性,Cd对脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性均能产生抑制作用.Cu与Cd复合污染对脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性表现为独立作用,对蔗糖酶表现为协同作用.培养前期,重金属处理沉积物酶活性逐渐降低,后期趋于稳定.重金属对光滩沉积物酶活性的抑制效果最强,其次是林缘沉积物,对林内沉积物酶活性的抑制作用较弱. 相似文献
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U及伴生重金属Mn、Pb对土壤酶活性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过盆栽实验,研究不同浓度条件下U、Mn、Pb对土壤酶(脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化物酶)活性的影响。结果表明:U对四种酶均有抑制作用,其中脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性随着U浓度的增加而降低;Mn对脲酶、磷酸酶有抑制作用,对过氧化物酶则有促进作用,Mn浓度较低时促进蔗糖酶活性,高浓度时则抑制。Pb对脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性均有抑制作用,其中对磷酸酶抑制作用最强烈,然而低浓度Pb促进过氧化物酶活性。脲酶、磷酸酶对U、Mn、Pb污染反应更敏感。通过相关性分析、回归分析及生态抑制效应研究,结果表明土壤脲酶和磷酸酶适于作为监测评价土壤U污染的生物指标。脲酶、磷酸酶比蔗糖酶和过氧化物酶更适于表征土壤Mn、Pb污染程度。 相似文献
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研究了Cu2+、Cd2+、Ni2+对2-氯酚(2-CP)厌氧降解及其微生态结构的影响.结果表明,重金属冲击对连续流厌氧系统具有明显的抑制作用,抑制程度为Cu2+>Ni2+>Cd2+;300mg/L重金属冲击使系统降解率低于30%,需驯化40d左右才能恢复,其中受Ni冲击的体系恢复较快;不同浓度金属离子对2-CP间歇降解系统的抑制作用同样为Cu2+>Niv2+>Cd2+;低浓度重金属离子的驯化能提高污泥对重金属的抗性,驯化后300mg/Lcu2+和Ni2+对降解速率的抑制均降低了45%左右.重金属对厌氧体系的抑制作用和对厌氧污泥微生态结构的影响之间具有很大相关性,厌氧微生态结构受Cu2+冲击后影响最大,受Ni2+影响后恢复最快. 相似文献
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单室MFC型生物毒性传感器对重金属离子的检测研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
构建了单室微生物燃料电池(air-cathode microbial fuel cell,ACMFC)型生物毒性传感器,以含重金属离子(Cd2+、Cu2+)人工配水为检测对象,分析了有毒物质对检测仪的抑制率与有毒物质浓度的线性关系.结果表明,①单室MFC型生物毒性传感器结构简单,操作方便,灵敏度较高,可用于水体重金属离子(Cd2+、Cu2+)生物毒性的快速检测;②在实验条件下,该生物毒性传感器检测时间4h,清洗时间2~10min,恢复时间4h;③检测结果显示,实验室自配Cd2+、Cu2+及其混合液IC20值分别为0.6、0.8和0.25mg/L,有毒物质浓度与MFC产电量的抑制率呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.9960、0.9744和0.9907. 相似文献
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《环境科学与技术》2015,(10)
利用快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学分析,研究了镍和砷对水华藻类铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的光合活性(F_v/F_m)和电子传递链的影响。结果发现,0.1~1.0 mg/L Ni~(2+)在低浓度处理1 d时,均可显著降低铜绿微囊藻的叶绿素a含量,抑制光合活性,叶绿素荧光产量和相应光合参数(φD_0、RC/CS_0和ET_0/ABS)均显著下降,并且抑制作用随着胁迫浓度和时间的增加而加剧;而不同As~(3+)浓度胁迫铜绿微囊藻时,1 d内抑制作用显著,叶绿素a含量、光合活性均和电子传递链光合参数显著下降,但低浓度处理组的光合活性有一定程度的恢复,光合参数RC/CS_0升高。实验结果表明,不同浓度Ni~(2+)和As~(3+)对铜绿微囊藻光合系统抑制效果不同,作用电子传递链的位点也不同,说明快速叶绿素荧光动态技术能够有效检测不同重金属的毒性效应。 相似文献
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重金属Cd、Zn、Pb复合污染对土壤酶活性的影响 总被引:81,自引:2,他引:81
采用回归正交设计方案 ,研究了潮褐土中Cd、Zn、Pb复合污染对 4种土壤酶活性 (过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、转化酶 )的影响 .结果表明 ,在复合效应影响中 ,重金属对土壤酶活性的抑制效应顺次为Cd >Zn >Pb ;同时 ,Cd、Zn、Pb复合污染对 4种土壤酶活性的影响效应存在着明显差异 .其复合污染对脲酶表现出协同抑制负效应的特征 ;对过氧化氢酶表现出一定的屏蔽作用 ;对转化酶和碱性磷酸酶活性影响则主要随着Cd浓度的增加而显著降低 .离子冲量与土壤脲酶活性之间呈显著负相关 ,用脲酶活性作为预测土壤重金属Cd、Zn、Pb复合污染程度的主要生化指标具有一定的可行性 相似文献
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探讨了不同浓度Cu2+及Cu2+和Cd2+联合对活性污泥系统COD去除的影响,并采用ToxTell生物传感器,以活性污泥为指示微生物,分析了上述金属离子的毒性抑制作用.结果表明,Cu2+浓度低于10 mg.L-1时,不会对该活性污泥系统带来明显的冲击作用,Cd2+的加入明显增强了对该活性污泥系统COD去除的抑制作用,上述金属离子在抑制时间为1.5 h时对系统COD去除抑制率达到最大,随着曝气时间的延长,COD去除率呈逐渐上升趋势;ToxTell生物传感器的毒性分析结果与COD去除抑制率相近,初步证实该生物传感器能很好地用于活性污泥处理系统受Cu2+、Cd2+离子冲击的预警监测. 相似文献
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Effects of cadium, zinc and lead on soil enzyme activities 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Heavy metal (HM) is a major hazard to the soil-plant system. This study investigated the combined effects of cadium (Cd), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) on activities of four enzymes in soil, including calatase, urease, invertase and alkalin phosphatase. HM content in tops of canola and four enzymes activities in soil were analyzed at two months after the metal additions to the soil. Pb was not significantly inhibitory than the other heavy metals for the four enzyme activities and was shown to have a protective role on calatase activity in the combined presence of Cd, Zn and Pb; whereas Cd significantly inhibited the four enzyme activities, and Zn only inhibited urease and calatase activities. The inhibiting effect of Cd and Zn on urease and calatase activities can be intensified significantly by the additions of Zn and Cd. There was a negative synergistic inhibitory effect of Cd and Zn on the two enzymes in the presence of Cd, Zn and Pb. The urease activity was inhibited more by the HM combinations than by the metals alone and reduced approximately 20%--40% of urease activity. The intertase and alkaline phosphatase activities significantly decreased only with the increase of Cd concentration in the soil. It was shown that urease was much more sensitive to HM than the other enzymes. There was a obvious negative correlation between the ionic impulsion of HM in soil, the ionic impulsion of HM in canola plants tops and urease activity. It is concluded that the soil urease activity may be a sensitive tool for assessing additive toxic combination effect on soil biochemical parameters. 相似文献
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含重金属硫酸盐废水是我国工业水污染的突出问题,利用硫酸盐还原菌的生物去除重金属的方法具有投资少、成本低、能耗少、去除率高,没有二次污染等优点而成为研究的热点。文章以混合培混养物作为接种污泥,考察不同浓度的重金属离子(Cu2+、Cd2+、Ni2+、Hg2+)对硫酸盐还原菌(Sulfate reducing bacteria,SRB)的抑制作用。研究表明:10 mg/L的Cu2+、Cd2+和20 mg/L的Hg2+对SRB还原硫酸盐的影响较小,硫酸盐最大去除率可分别达到94.1%、94.6%、91.3%,与空白(93.9%)相近;20 mg/L的Cu2+对SRB的抑制最为强烈,硫酸盐最大还原率仅为48.2%,剩余金属离子(Cd2+、Ni2+、Hg2+)都分别随着浓度的增大而对SRB的抑制作用增强;相同浓度的重金属离子对SRB的抑制顺序为Ni2+>Cu2+>Cd2+>Hg2+,抑制浓度分别为10、20、30、60 mg/L。最后阐述了各个反应器中硫酸盐还原率最大时,(WCOD/WSO42-)与硫酸盐还原率的关系。 相似文献
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Effect of combined pollution by heavy metals on soil enzymatic activities in areas polluted by tailings from Pb-Zn-Ag mine 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Some enzymatic activities were determined in the areas polluted by tailings from Tiantai Pb-Zn-Ag Mine in Zhejiang Province of China. The results indicated the soil enzymatic activities decreased significantly with increase of concentrations of heavy metals or the distance away from mining tailing center, especially dehydrogenase and urease activities. Multivariate regression analysis between heavy metal contents and soil enzymatic activities indicated that single dehydrogenase activity was very significantly correlated to combined effect of soil heavy metals in mine area. Moreover, single urease, protease and acid phosphatase activities were significantly related to the combined effect of heavy metals. The results suggest it is feasible to use soil enzymatic activities to indicate the pollution situation by combined heavy metals in the soil of mine area. 相似文献
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离子交换技术在重金属废水处理中的应用 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
重金属废水由于所含重金属对人类和环境的危害,需要对其进行处理。化学沉淀法被广泛应用于重金属废水的处理过程,但采用化学沉淀法处理重金属废水时,会产生大量的重金属污泥,需要妥善处理或处置。离子交换技术处理重金属废水,既可实现废水中重金属的去除,有可回收废水中的重金属,避免化学沉淀法处理重金属废水时产生大量的污泥。离子交换树脂对废水中重金属离子的选择性分离,可以更好的实现废水中重金属离子的处理和重金属离子的回收。 相似文献
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Removal of heavy metals from artificial metals contaminated water samples
based on micelle-templated silica modified with pyoverdin I 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
PANADDA Tansupo WORAKARN Chamonkolpradit SAKSIT Chanthai CHALERM Ruangviriyachai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(7):1009-1016
The micelle-templated silica (MTS) was firstly chemically modified with 3-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) before immobilized with pyoverdin I. The characteristics of pyoverdin I-anchored onto the modified MTS were investigated using fluorescence, infrared spectra and scanning electron microscopy. The specific surface area of all materials was calculated by Bnmauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) method using nitrogen isotherm adsorption data. As the results, the surface area of commercial silica gel decreased from 609.2 to 405.4 m2/g, it indicated that the pyoverdin I could be immobilized onto the surface of silica solid support. This adsorbent was used for extraction of Fe(Ⅲ), Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ), and Pb(Ⅱ) in artificial metals contaminated water. Experimental conditions for effective adsorption of trace levels of metal ions were optimized with respect to different experimental parameters using batch procedure. The optimum pH value for the removal of metal ions simultaneously on this adsorbent was 4.0. Complete desorption of the adsorbed metal ions from the adsorbent was carded out using 0.25 mol/L of EDTA. The effcct of different cations and anions on the adsorption of these metals on adsorbent was studied and the results showed that the proposed adsorbent could be applied to the highly saline samples and the sample which contains some transition metals. 相似文献
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改良剂对污染土壤上蔬菜生长及吸收重金属的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过盆栽试验研究了石灰、钙镁磷肥、海泡石3种改良剂对重金属As、Cd、Pb和Zn复合污染土壤上蔬菜生长及其吸收重金属的影响,并表征了土壤有效态重金属含量、pH及脲酶活性等指标变化。研究结果表明,施加石灰和钙镁磷肥可以促进蔬菜生长,其中,石灰处理下小白菜生物量较对照提高了99.0%;石灰和钙镁磷肥处理下,西红柿茎叶生物量分别比对照提高了80.7%和82.3%。施用改良剂提高了土壤pH和脲酶活性,土壤有效态重金属含量不同程度降低,特别是海泡石的后期修复效果明显。与对照相比,石灰和钙镁磷肥处理显著降低小白菜叶中As含量,明显抑制西红柿茎叶对As、Cd和Pb的吸收(p<0.05);施加石灰明显降低小白菜叶中Cd和Pb含量(p<0.05)。然而,海泡石对抑制蔬菜吸收重金属的效果不明显。石灰和钙镁磷肥能有效抑制重金属从蔬菜根部向地上部转运,可作为重金属污染土壤上种植农作物优先考虑施用的改良剂。 相似文献
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重金属离子对生物污泥活性的抑制 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
研究了工业废水中常见的Cd~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Cr~(6+)、Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Al~(3+)和Fe~(3+)七种重金属离子对生物污泥的抑制作用。发现其抑制的机理各不相同,前五种为不可逆抑制,污泥经过洗涤,活性不易恢复,而后二种为可逆抑制,污泥洗涤后,活性能基本恢复。试验还发现,几种金属离子同时存在时,抑制性比单一金属离子强。金属离子会在污泥中积聚,因此,即使废水中浓度很低,长期接触也会使生物污泥活性降低。 相似文献