Hypocholesterolemic effect of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT0270 in rats fed a cholesterol-enriched diet

The effects of administration of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT0270 on serum lipids and bile acids, faecal bile acids and microflora were estimated in hypercholesterolemic rats. An effective dose of strain SBT0270 to exert its hypocholesterolemic effect was 10(9) viable cells/d. The dose of 10(9) cells/d did not affect the faecal coliform counts, but the number of faecal lactobacilli in rats fed this dose was significantly higher than that in the control group observed at the end of feeding period. Hypocholesterolemic effect of Lb. gasseri SBT0270 was attributed to its ability to suppress the reabsorption of bile acids into the enterohepatic circulation and to enhance the excretion of acidic steroids in faeces of hypercholesterolemic rats.     

Viability of Lactobacillus gasseri and its cholesterol-binding and antimutagenic activities during subsequent refrigerated storage in nonfermented milk

The effect storage at 4 degrees C on the viability of Lactobacillus gasseri and its sodium taurocholate-deconjugating and cholesterol-binding abilities as well as desmutagenic activity was investigated. Unfermented milks containing L. gasseri strains SBT0274 and SBT0270 at 10(9) cfu/ml were prepared using 10% skim milk. Total and bile-tolerant lactobacilli for strains SBT0274 and SBT0270 generally decreased after 14 d of storage at 4 degrees C; however, viable cells of these strains were still at 10(8) cfu/ml after 28 d of storage. The amounts of cholic acid released and of cholesterol bound by strains SBT0274 and SBT0270 declined over time, especially at 21 d of storage. Antimutagenic activity of unfermented milk made from both strains was attributed to the bacterial cells, and the activity was stable during storage at 4 degrees C for 28 d.     

Selection of potential probiotic lactobacilli for cholesterol-lowering properties and their effect on cholesterol metabolism in rats fed a high-lipid diet

The objectives of this study were to screen probiotic characteristics of lactobacilli isolated from traditionally homemade koumiss products in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia of China, and to determine and compare the effect of the Lactobacillus strains in vivo on lipid metabolism in rats fed with a high-lipid diet. Three out of 68 strains of Lactobacillus isolated from the koumiss were screened for bile-salt resistance, acid tolerance, and different hypocholesterolemic properties. The cholesterol-lowering effects of the 3 screened strains were estimated in rats fed a high-lipid diet by determination of serum lipids, liver, and fecal cholesterol, fecal total bile acids, and short-chain fatty acids. After a 4-wk feeding period, in comparison with the control group, the groups LIP-1 and MG9-2 had a significant reduction in serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and significantly increased high-density lipoprotein, the group E7301 had similar effects on serum lipids, but the change was not significant. The groups LIP-1, MG9-2 and E7301 had a significant reduction in liver cholesterol content and an increase in fecal cholesterol content compared with the control group. Total bile acid excretion was significantly higher in rats fed MG9-2 than the other groups. Rats fed diets containing lactic acid bacteria strains had significantly higher propionic acid and butyric acid concentrations in the feces compared with the control. Results indicated that the 3 screened Lactobacillus strains were able to lower cholesterol in vitro, and reduce cholesterol effectively in vivo. The mechanisms behind the hypocholesterolemic effect of 3 strains are likely to be diverse and will need further investigation.     

Cholesterol Lowering Activity of Ropy Fermented Milk

The effect of ropy fermented milk on serum cholesterol in rats was studied. Basic diets containing slime-forming Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris SBT 0495, its non slime-forming variant SBT 1275, and acidified reconstituted skim milk, with 0.5% cholesterol added, were fed to F-344 rats for 7 days. Serum cholesterol level of rats fed the ropy fermented milk were the lowest among the three treatments. The serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio of rats fed ropy fermented milk was the highest. Slime materials produced by L. lactis subsp. cremoris SBT 0495 had a beneficial effect on rat cholesterol metabolism.     

花椒精对卵巢切除大鼠脂质代谢的影响

目的：探讨花椒精对卵巢切除大鼠脂质代谢的影响。方法：将40 只雌性Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠随机分为5 组,其中1 组进行伪切除手术（Sham）作为对照组,另外4 组进行双侧卵巢切除手术（ovariectomy,OVX）,恢复饲喂一周后,分为空白组和灌胃花椒精高（15 mg/kg）、中（10 mg/kg）、低（5 mg/kg）剂量组。灌胃4 周后解剖,检测大鼠血脂、肝脂及小肠和粪便中胆汁酸含量等指标。结果：灌胃花椒精可降低血清中甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoproteincholesterin,LDL-C）和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol,non-HDL-C）的浓度（p＜0.05）,升高HDL-C的浓度;降低肝脏中脂肪、TC、TG的含量（P＜0.05）;增加大鼠排便量、促进小肠内容物和粪便中胆汁酸以及粪醇、胆固醇等中性固醇的排泄,且存在明显的剂量效应。结论：花椒精可改善卵巢切除SD大鼠因雌性激素缺乏而引起的高脂血症,可能与促进胆汁酸和中性固醇的排泄有关。     

植物乳杆菌DMDL 9010制剂调控SD大鼠脂质水平的研究

探讨植物乳杆菌DMDL 9010(Lactobacillus plantarum DMDL 9010)对SD大鼠脂质水平的影响。以无菌水、1 mg/mL阿托伐他汀水溶液、高剂量(109 CFU/mL)和低剂量(107 CFU/mL)L. plantarum DMDL 9010菌悬液连续灌胃SD大鼠10周,监测大鼠体重和血清、肝脏、粪便的脂质水平变化。结果显示:高剂量(109 CFU/mL)L.plantarum DMDL 9010能显著降低大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)(23.03%)、低密度脂蛋白(28.00%)和动脉硬化指数(34.04%)(p<0.05),显著降低大鼠肝脏TC(33.20%)和甘油三酯(TG)(40.86%)(p<0.05),增加粪便TC(31.07%)和胆汁酸(TBA)(70.18%)排泄(p<0.05),肝脏病理切片观察表明,L. plantarum DMDL 9010能改善肝细胞脂肪变性。得出L. plantarum DMDL 9010以剂量依赖的方式降低血清和肝脏的TC和TG,提高粪便TC和TBA排泄,从而有效调控其脂质水平,为开发预防和治疗高胆固醇血症的益生菌制剂提供了可能。     

植物分离蛋白对卵巢切除大鼠血脂代谢的影响

目的:研究大米分离蛋白和大豆分离蛋白对因雌性激素缺乏引起的高胆固醇血症的影响.方法:将24只Wistar成年雌鼠随机分为4组.3组大鼠进行双侧卵巢切除手术,分别喂食添加20%酪蛋白(对照组)、大米分离蛋白或大豆分离蛋白的饲料.另1组进行卵巢伪切除手术,喂食添加20%酪蛋白的对照饲料,喂养4周后解剖,测定血清和肝脏中胆固醇、甘油三酯浓度以及粪中胆汁酸排泄量和蛋白表观消化率等指标.结果:卵巢切除明显增加成年雌鼠血清和肝脏中胆固醇和甘油三酯浓度.与酪蛋白组相比,饲料中添加大豆分离蛋白能显著降低卵巢切除大鼠血浆总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白及胆固醇浓度(p＜0.05),但对血浆甘油三酯浓度无显著影响,同时明显降低肝重、肝脏中总脂、总胆固醇、游离胆固醇及甘油三酯总量,以及增加排粪量和胆汁酸排泄量,大豆分离蛋白表观消化率也明显比酪蛋白和大米分离蛋白高.大米分离蛋白对血脂没有明显降低效果,但肝脏总脂、总胆固醇、游离胆固醇和甘油三酯浓度明显低于酪蛋白饲料组,而排粪量、粪中胆汁酸排泄量和蛋白表观消化率则与酪蛋白组无显著差异.结论:抗消化蛋白对因雌性激素缺乏引起的高胆固醇血症有明显降低效果,可能的作用机制是由于该蛋白的低消化性干扰,肠道中胆汁酸代谢,增加粪中胆汁酸的排泄量来降低肝脏和血浆中胆固醇浓度.     

Immediate effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the intestinal flora and fecal enzymes of rats and the in vitro inhibition of Escherichia coli in coculture

The in vitro role of Lactobacillus acidophilus was investigated to explore the potential to inhibit coliforms. A threefold concentrated cell-free extract from L. acidophilus SBT2074 could efficiently inhibit most of the tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Among the three strains of L. acidophilus, SBT2062, SBT2071, and SBT2074, only L. acidophilus SBT2074 showed this inhibitory property. These three strains were also tested in coculture with Escherichia coli 3544 in skim milk medium. The fermentation could result in complete inhibition of E. coli in 36 h. Short-term administration of L. acidophilus SBT2074 in rats with and without E. coli resulted in significant inhibition of coliforms and anaerobes. The E. coli infected rats regained the normal flora in the presence of lactic acid bacteria. The fecal enzyme beta-glucuronidase activity was also decreased significantly when L. acidophilus SBT2074 was administered and was related to the decreased number of bacteria in the intestinal tract. The analysis of the small intestinal contents showed that the concentrations of coliforms in the duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum were significantly reduced by the administration of lactic acid bacteria. The effects are seen in a short period, suggesting that L. acidophilus SBT2074 fermentate may have clinical application for people suffering from gastrointestinal distress caused by coliforms.     

植物乳杆菌K25发酵乳降低小鼠血清胆固醇的作用研究

评价添加西藏灵菇源植物乳杆菌K25的发酵乳对饲喂高脂饲料小鼠降胆固醇的作用。结果表明:含植物乳杆菌K25的发酵乳能显著降低高脂模型小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)以及动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)的水平;对血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)有显著地升高作用;对血清甘油三酯(TG)水平无显著影响;饲喂含植物乳杆菌K25发酵乳的小鼠,其粪便中乳酸杆菌数水平比对照组明显增加,而大肠杆菌数无显著差异。因此,植物乳杆菌K25发酵乳具有降低血清胆固醇功效,并能增加肠道内乳酸杆菌的数量。     

豆渣与抗消化淀粉复合增强降血脂效果

目的：研究富含膳食纤维的豆渣饲料对抗消化淀粉降低因缺乏雌性激素导致的高血脂症效果的影响。方法：将32 只Wistar 成年雌鼠进行双侧卵巢切除手术,恢复后随机分为4 组,分别饲喂膳食纤维总含量为2.6%(对照组)、41.7%(豆渣SD 组)、39.8%(抗消化淀粉RS 组)和40.5%(SD+RS 复合组)的饲料。喂养5 周后解剖,测定血清和肝脏中胆固醇、甘油三酯浓度、肝脏胆固醇羟化酶(CYP7α)活性以及小肠、盲肠中胆汁酸总量和粪中胆汁酸排泄量等指标。结果：与饲料对照组相比,RS、SD+RS 明显降低血清和肝脏胆固醇浓度(P ＜ 0.05),SD、SD+RS显著降低血清甘油三酯浓度(P ＜ 0.05),SD+RS 显著提高了小肠中胆汁酸总量、粪便中胆汁酸排泄量以及肝脏的胆固醇羟化酶(CYP7α)活性(P ＜ 0.05)。结论：豆渣与抗消化淀粉复合能明显提高抗消化淀粉降血脂效果。降低血清胆固醇浓度的可能机制是通过增加肠道中胆汁酸总量和粪中胆汁酸的排泄量来降低血液中胆固醇浓度。     

The hypocholesterolaemic effect of milk yoghurt and soy-yoghurt containing bifidobacteria in rats fed on a cholesterol-enriched diet

The effect of buffalo milk yoghurt and soy-yoghurt supplemented with Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 or Bifidobacterium longum Bb-46 on plasma and liver lipids and the faecal excretion of bile acids was determined in rats fed on a cholesterol-enriched diet. The groups fed on a cholesterol-enriched diet supplemented with yoghurt and soy-yoghurt containing Bb-12 or Bb-46 had significantly lower levels of plasma total cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)+low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol than the positive control group (without supplementation). Yoghurt or soy-yoghurt containing Bb-46 was more effective in the lowering of plasma and liver cholesterol levels than yoghurt or soy-yoghurt containing Bb-12. Furthermore, the faecal excretions of bile acids were markedly promoted in yoghurt and soy-yoghurt containing Bb-12 and Bb-46 groups compared with the positive control group. The results showed also an inverse relationship between the faecal excretions of bile acids and the levels of total cholesterol in blood plasma from rats fed on a cholesterol-enriched diet with probiotic supplementation.     

Enhanced cholesterol‐ and triglyceride‐ lowering effect of West African green tea

‘The Vert’ is a special type of green tea widely consumed in West Africa and locally associated with many health benefits. However, limited research has been conducted to evaluate its health benefits, such as its enhanced hypolipidemic potential. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the cholesterol‐ and triglyceride‐lowering effects of West African green tea (WAGT) as affected by diet and tea intake, (2) determine the impact of WAGT consumption on the CHD risk ratio, and (3) explore possible mechanisms through which WAGT improves serum lipid profile. Forty‐five male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of nine treatment combinations, three diets (regular, high‐cholesterol, and trans‐fat diets) and three fluid sources (no tea, diluted tea, and concentrated tea). After 6 weeks of feeding, animal blood, liver, and feces were harvested. Total cholesterol, HDLc, LDLc, and triglycerides in serum, liver, and feces were determined. The concentrations of bile acids in feces were also measured. WAGT significantly lowered serum and liver cholesterol (30% and 15%, respectively) and increased serum HDL cholesterol (30%). It also reduced liver enlargement caused by storage of excess lipids in high‐cholesterol diet. Overall, the CHD risk ratio was cut by two‐thirds in rats fed high‐cholesterol diet and WAGT. A marked increase in fecal total lipids, cholesterol (60%), and bile acids (50%) was observed in rats that consumed WAGT compared to the control group. These beneficial effects could be attributed to the significantly high flavonoid content of WAGT. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

植物乳杆菌WW对高脂血症大鼠体脂的影响

为了研究植物乳杆菌WW（Lactobacillus plantarum WW）对高脂血症大鼠体脂的影响,将32 只5 周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为4 组：正常对照组（A）喂食基础饲料＋无菌水、高脂模型组（B）饲喂高脂饲料＋无菌水、脱脂乳对照组（C）饲喂高脂饲料＋无菌脱脂乳、菌液干预组（D）饲喂高脂饲料＋菌悬液（1×1010 CFU/mL）,灌胃量为10 mL/kg mb,12 周后测定相关指标。结果显示：4 组大鼠肾脏、脾脏和心脏指数差异不显著（P＞0.05）,而B组和C组肝脏指数显著高于A组和D组（P＜0.05）,说明L. plantarum WW无毒副作用,并且能够减少脂肪在肝脏的堆积;B组血清和肝脏血脂水平显著高于A组（P＜0.05）,说明造模成功;与B组相比,D组血清和肝脏各指标水平显著降低（P＜0.05）,粪便中总胆固醇、甘油三酯和总胆汁酸含量显著升高（P＜0.05）,说明L. plantarum WW能够促进胆固醇的排泄,进而降低大鼠体内胆固醇。这些结果表明植物乳杆菌WW可能是缓解高脂血症并用于功能性食品的潜在益生菌。     

Effects of difructose anhydride III (DFA III) administration on bile acids and growth of DFA III-assimilating bacterium Ruminococcus productus on rat intestine

The growth of DFA III-assimilating bacteria in the intestines of rats fed 3% DFA III for 2 weeks was examined. Sixty-four percent of the DFA III intake had been assimilated on day 3 of ingestion, and almost all of the DFA III was assimilated at the end of the experiment. The DFA III-assimilating bacterium, Ruminococcus productus, in DFA III-fed rats was in the stationary state of 10(8)-10(9) cells/g dry feces within a week from 10(6) cells/g dry feces on day 1 of DFA III ingestion. The number of R. productus cells was associated with the amount of DFA III excreted in the feces. The acetic acid produced from DFA III by R. productus lowered the cecal pH to 5.8. In control-fed rats and DFA III-fed rats, 94% of secondary bile acids and 94% of primary bile acids, respectively, were accounted for in the total bile acids analyzed. DFA III ingestion increased the ratio of primary bile acids and changed the composition of fecal bile acids. In conclusion, R. productus assimilated DFA III, produced short chain fatty acids, and the cecal pH was lowered. The acidification of rat intestine perhaps inhibited secondary bile acid formation and decreased the ratio of secondary bile acids. Therefore, it is expected that DFA III may prevent colorectal cancer and be a new prebiotic candidate.     

Serum Cholesterol Levels in Rats Fed Skim Milk Fermented by Lactobacillus Acidophilus

The effects of reconstituted skim milk, and the same fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus, were tested in rats. Rats were fed a stock diet and drinking water containing one of three milk treatments: (1) no supplementary milk; (2) 10% milk; or (3) 10% milk fermented by L. acidophilus. After 4 wk, rats receiving the fermented milk had lower (P < 0.05) serum cholesterol levels (65 mg/dl) than did the water-fed (78 mg/dl) or milk-fed (79 mg/dl) rats. Weight gain, feed intake, liver lipid contents and fecal lactobacilli counts were not different among treatment groups. Data indicate that factors influencing serum cholesterol levels were produced during fermentation of the milk.     

Hypocholesterolaemic action of Lactobacillus casei F0822 in rats fed a cholesterol-enriched diet

Elevated serum cholesterol is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease. Probiotics may manage elevated cholesterol. The hypocholesterolaemic effects of Lactobacillus casei F0822 and its functional mechanisms were investigated in rats. The serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and liver total cholesterol levels significantly decreased in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet plus drinking water supplemented with viable cells of strain F0822; however, there was no significant difference in the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels among the treatment groups. The hypocholesterolaemic mechanisms of strain F0822 were attributed to its ability to suppress the reabsorption of bile acids into the enterohepatic circulation though hydrolysis of conjugated bile acids in the small intestine, binding of deoxycholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid in the large intestine, and increase in propionate:acetate ratio in the large intestine in rats. Strain F0822 may be a promising probiotic culture with potential hypocholesterolaemic action in human.     

Contribution of Streptococcus thermophilus to growth-stimulating effect of yogurt on rats

The origin of the growth-stimulating factor in yogurt was studied in rats fed liquid or freeze-dried diets of milk, yogurt, milks fermented individually by Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, milks to which cells of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus were added. Diets containing sonicated cells, cell supernatant, and cell fractions also were fed. Milk fermented by Streptococcus thermophilus and milk plus Streptococcus thermophilus cells stimulated growth as effectively as did yogurt. That finding and the absence of stimulation in rats fed Lactobacillus bulgaricus showed that Streptococcus thermophilus is responsible for stimulation of growth by yogurt. Growth was stimulated by an intracellular factor and not by fermentative changes in the milk.     

米糠蛋白改善大鼠脂质代谢作用及机制研究

为了讨论米糠蛋白对高脂饮食状态大鼠脂质代谢的影响及作用机制。试验设计酪蛋白组（CAS,对照组）、米糠蛋白组（RBP）、糙米蛋白组（BRP）和大米蛋白组（WRP）等4组,饲喂大鼠分别添加了质量分数20%酪蛋白、15%酪蛋白+5%米糠蛋白、15%酪蛋白+5%糙米蛋白和15%酪蛋白+5%大米蛋白的高胆固醇饲料3周。实验测定大鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）水平、甘油三酯（TG）浓度以及肝脏TC、TG和总脂质的含量,并收集了实验后期3 d的粪便,测定其总胆汁酸和中性固醇的排泄量。采用体外模拟人体胃肠消化道环境试验,测定CAS、RBP、BRP及WRP对胶束溶解度的抑制率和不同浓度RBP的胆汁酸结合能力。结果显示,高纯度米糠蛋白与酪蛋白和其他蛋白组相比较能明显降低高胆固醇饲喂大鼠的血清TC（P<0.05）以及动脉粥样硬化指数（P<0.05）,肝脏TC水平显著降低（P<0.05）,粪便中总胆汁酸排泄量显著增加（P<0.05）。体外实验结果表明,米糠蛋白能与胆汁酸相结合,显著抑制了胆固醇胶束溶解度（P<0.05）。综上所述,米糠蛋白在体内与胆汁酸相结合,抑制其在肠道的吸收,增加其粪便中的排泄量,最后达到降血脂的作用。     

杂粮醋粕对金黄地鼠胆固醇代谢的影响

为研究一种杂粮醋粕对饲喂高胆固醇饲料金黄地鼠胆固醇代谢的影响,将30只雄性金黄地鼠按照平均血脂水平和平均体重分为3组,即高胆固醇对照组、杂粮醋粕组和杂粮醋粕浸提物组。饲喂第0、10、20和30 d时分别测定地鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和三酰甘油(TG)水平;30 d后测定地鼠肝脏TC、胆固醇酯(CE)、游离胆固醇(FC)、TG和粪便TC、总胆汁酸(TBA)、脂肪和短链脂肪酸(SCFA)水平。杂粮醋粕组和杂粮醋粕浸提物组与高胆固醇对照组相比,血清TC水平分别下降22%和15%,血清LDL-C水平分别下降35%和21%,肝脏TG水平分别下降15%和14%,粪便中TBA水平分别上升23%和16%,粪便中SCFA总量水平分别上升30%和9%,且差异均达显著水平(p0.05)。以上结果表明摄入杂粮醋粕主要通过促进胆汁酸的排泄和增加短链脂肪酸的产生来降低血清TC和LDL-C水平和肝脏TC和TG水平。     

Effects of the insoluble fiber derived from Passiflora edulis seed on plasma and hepatic lipids and fecal output

The influence of the insoluble fiber-rich fraction (FRF) prepared from defatted Passiflora edulis seed, a potential fiber source, on plasma and hepatic lipids and fecal output were investigated in hamsters fed a hypercholesterolemic diet containing 5% insoluble FRF. The results showed that the consumption of insoluble FRF diet relative to cellulose diet could effectively (P < 0.05) decrease the levels of serum triglyceride, serum total cholesterol, and liver cholesterol, and increase (P < 0.05) the levels of total lipids, cholesterol, and bile acids in feces. The consumption of insoluble FRF also increased (P < 0.05) the fecal bulk and moisture. The marked cholesterol- and lipid-lowering effects of insoluble FRF might be partly attributed to its ability to enhance the excretion of lipids and bile acids via feces. Our results suggested that insoluble FRF could be a potential hypocholesterolemic ingredient for fiber-rich functional foods, but some further researches in humans may be needed to confirm its benefits.