KH550修饰Al_2O_3及其对PI/Al_2O_3薄膜性能的影响

通过调整KH550的含量对Al2O3粉体表面进行改性,并用红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)对改性后的粉体进行表征,表征结果显示KH550成功的键合到Al2O3粉体表面。然后分别使用Al2O3以及改性Al2O3制备了一系列无机粉体含量为16%(质量分数)的PI复合薄膜,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合薄膜的断面微观形貌进行表征,并对复合薄膜的力学性能和击穿场强进行测试。测试结果显示KH550的含量对无机粉体分散情况有较大影响。当KH550含量为2%(质量分数)时,PI/KH550-Al2O3复合薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最优,分别为130 MPa,12%,与PI/Al2O3薄膜相比,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别提高了22.8%,44.5%,击穿场强与其相近。     

微量SiO_2对PI/Al_2O_3复合薄膜性能的影响

通过固定纳米氧化铝(Al2O3)的含量,改变纳米氧化硅(SiO2)的含量,制备一系列纳米SiO2含量不同的聚酰亚胺(PI)/Al2O3/SiO2复合薄膜。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FT-IR)对复合薄膜的微观形貌和分子结构进行表征,结果表明纳米颗粒在PI基体中均匀分散,而且纳米颗粒的加入既不影响PI的分子结构又对聚酰胺酸的热亚胺化无影响。同时测试了薄膜的力学性能、击穿场强和耐电晕时间。结果表明,当纳米SiO2质量分数为0.5%时,复合薄膜的击穿场强和耐电晕时间分别为211.15 kV/mm、378 min,均优于纳米SiO2质量分数分别为0,0.1%,0.3%和0.7%的薄膜,并且其力学性能也较优异。     

聚酰亚胺/纳米Al_2O_3三层复合薄膜的制备

将掺杂纳米Al2O3的聚酰胺酸与未掺杂聚酰胺酸在玻璃板上逐层涂膜,热亚胺化制备了3层聚酰亚胺/纳米Al2O3复合薄膜.采用扫描电镜(SEM)对该薄膜的微观形貌进行了表征,测试了薄膜的热稳定性、力学性能及电击穿场强.结果表明,复合薄膜的热性能及电击穿场强均高于掺杂薄膜及未掺杂膜,当热失重达到10%时,复合薄膜的热分解温度达到了629.1℃;与掺杂薄膜相比,复合薄膜的力学性能得到明显提高,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为117.4 MPa和18.5%.     

纳米Al2O3对聚酰亚胺复合薄膜导热性能的影响

选用两种不同纳米氧化铝粉体,采用直接掺杂法制备不同含量纳米氧化铝/聚酰亚胺复合薄膜.研究复合薄膜的导热系数与无机含量的关系,探讨纳米氧化铝粉体种类对复合薄膜导热性能的影响.结果表明:同一温度下,复合薄膜的导热系数随Al2O3含量的增加而增大;当纳米氧化铝含量小于15%(质量分数)时,选用亲水性纳米Al2O3粉体的复合薄膜导热性能比选用亲油性的复合薄膜的好;当纳米氧化铝的加入量为5%时,复合薄膜的强度和韧性均有明显增加;亲水性纳米氧化铝加入量为5%～10%时,复合薄膜的导热性能提高并能保持一定的力学性能.     

偶联剂对聚酰亚胺／纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜结构与性能的影响

将经不同种类硅烷偶联剂改性的纳米Al2O3粒子借助超声波以一定方式均匀分散于聚酰胺酸胶液中,制备聚酰亚胺/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜,并对该杂化薄膜的微观形貌、分子链有序度、热稳定性、力学性能、电击穿场强进行表征与测试.结果表明,偶联剂种类影响杂化薄膜的分子链有序度,在使用4种偶联剂改性纳米Al2O3制备的PI杂化薄膜中,使用偶联剂KH550的Pl杂化薄膜的热稳定性、力学性能最好;使用AE3012的PI杂化薄膜的电击穿场强最高.     

纳米Al2O3的晶型对聚酰亚胺杂化薄膜性能的影响

将经偶联剂处理的纳米Al2O3粉体,借助超声波以一定方式均匀分散于聚酰胺酸溶液中,制备出Al2O3不同晶型、不同含量的PI/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜,并对杂化薄膜微观形貌、聚集态结构、光透过率、热稳定性、电击穿场强进行研究,分析Al2O3晶型和含量对PI/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜的结构和性能的影响.结果表明:PI/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜的热稳定性,电击穿场强均高于纯PI薄膜,且随着纳米Al2O3含量的提高热稳定性也随之提高,电击穿场强先升高后降低;填充Al2O3粉体的晶型对PI薄膜分子链堆积密度有较大的影响,导致添加不同晶型Al2O3的杂化薄膜性能的差异.     

纳米Al_2O_3/聚酰亚胺复合薄膜的介电与力学性能

采用原位聚合与热亚胺化的方法,成功制备了一系列不同纳米Al_2O_3粒子质量分数的纳米Al_2O_3/聚酰亚胺(PI)复合薄膜。通过SEM、TEM、XRD、FTIR、LCR数字电桥、高压电源及电子万能材料试验机对纳米Al_2O_3/PI复合薄膜的微观结构、介电性能及力学性能进行了表征和测试。结果表明:纳米Al_2O_3粒子在均匀地分散在PI基体中;当纳米Al_2O_3粒子质量分数为8%时,纳米Al_2O_3/PI复合薄膜的击穿强度和拉伸强度均达到了最大值;纳米Al_2O_3/PI复合薄膜的介电常数随纳米Al_2O_3质量分数的增加而增加。     

LLDPE/Al_2O_3纳米复合材料的形态、结构及力学性能

在超声作用下利用异丙基十二烷基磺酰钛酸酯改性Al2O3纳米粒子,然后把改性纳米Al2O3粒子及LLDPE颗粒引入密炼机中,以熔融共混方法制备LLDPE/纳米Al2O3复合材料.采用FESEM对复合材料中纳米粒子的分散形态进行表征,结果表明,当纳米Al2O3粒子含量为3%时,绝大多数的纳米粒子以<100nm的尺寸均匀分散在基体中;采用FTIR对纳米复合材料的结构进行表征,结果表明,纳米Al2O3与LLDPE之间形成了化学键合结构;力学分析表明,纳米复合材料的拉伸强度及断裂伸长率均有所增加;采用SEM观察拉伸断裂面的形貌,结果表明,适量的纳米Al2O3粒子可以增强、增韧聚合物基体,而基体和纳米粒子的相容性差时,会逐渐引入缺陷.     

偶联剂用量对聚酰亚胺杂化薄膜结构与性能的影响

用不同用量硅烷偶联剂处理纳米Al2O3粉体,并借助超声波以一定方式将其均匀分散于聚酰胺酸溶液中,制备出不同偶联剂用量的PI/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜,并对该杂化薄膜的断面形貌、聚集态结构、热稳定性、力学性能、电击穿场强进行表征测试分析.结果表明,偶联剂用量对PI杂化薄膜的聚集态结构影响较小,但对无机纳米粒子在PI基体中的分散状态有较大影响,当偶联剂AE3012的用量为无机粒子质量分数的4%时,该PI杂化薄膜的热稳定性、力学性能、电击穿场强均最高.     

纳米Al2O3改性玻璃纤维增强复合材料低温力学性能研究

简述了纳米Al2O3改性玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的制备,并对其常温、低温力学性能进行实验。结果表明,常温、低温下,复合材料的力学性能随着纳米Al2O3含量的增加都呈现先增强后减弱的趋势。低温处理使复合材料的力学性能得到提升,并且低温下Al2O3的引入对复合材料强度的改善效果比常温下明显,Al2O3含量为1%(质量分数)时,拉伸强度提高比例高达16.61%。其原因是低温下基体强度增大,另外基体热膨胀系数大,收缩明显,界面粘接强度增大,纳米Al2O3颗粒在界面处与树脂基体结合更深入,从而使纳米粒子阻碍微裂纹扩展的能力更强。     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

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